John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn

For other people named John Hamilton, see John Hamilton (disambiguation).

The Most Honorable The Marquess of Abercorn KG PC (Ire)
1st Marquess of Abercorn
Portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence
Predecessor	James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn
Successor	James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn
Full name	John James Hamilton
Other titles	9th Earl of Abercorn
Born	July 1756
Died	27 January 1818(1818-01-27) (aged 61)
Spouse(s)	Catherine Copley Lady Cecil Hamilton Lady Anne Jane Gore
Issue	Lady Harriet Hamilton Lady Maria Hamilton Catherine Hamilton-Gordon, Countess of Aberdeen James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton Lord Claud Hamilton Cecil Howard, Countess of Wicklow
Parents	John Hamilton Harriet Eliot

John James Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn KG, PC (Ire) (July 1756 – 27 January 1818) was an Anglo-Irish peer and politician.

Background and first marriage

He was born in July 1756, the posthumous son of Captain Hon. John Hamilton and his wife Harriet, and grandson of James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn, and baptized at St George's, Hanover Square.^[1] He was educated at Harrow from 1770 to 1771.^[2] He was admitted to the Inner Temple on 15 June 1773,^[3] but did not remain there long; he was admitted to Pembroke College, Cambridge on 30 July 1773. He matriculated at Michaelmas and received his MA in 1776.^[4] There he became the friend of William Pitt the Younger, a connection that would serve him well in later years.^[2]

He married Catherine Copley (died 13 September 1791), daughter of Sir Joseph Copley, 1st Baronet, on 20 June 1779 at St Marylebone.^[1] They had five children:

• Lady Harriet Margaret Hamilton (1780–1803), died unmarried.
• Lady Maria Hamilton (1782–1814), died unmarried.
• Lady Catherine Elizabeth Hamilton (1784–1812), married George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen and had issue.
• James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton (1786–1814), married Harriet Douglas, granddaughter of James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton and had issue.
• Lord Claud Hamilton (1787–1808), died unmarried.

House of Commons

Hamilton went abroad in about 1781, and returned in the late summer of 1783. Through the influence of John Buller, his wife's uncle, he was returned as a Tory Member of Parliament for East Looe in December, taking the seat vacated by William Graves. His maiden speech was in opposition to the East India Bill of the Fox-North Coalition. He was naturally a supporter of his friend Pitt's first ministry. At the 1784, he was put in for St Germans, another Cornish borough, by his half-brother Edward Eliot. Though deeply attached to Pitt, he possessed great independence of character and something of his uncle's stiff pride. A staunch supporter of Warren Hastings, he spoke in 1788 against a bill to regulate (and thereby sanction) the slave trade, and in favour of its abolition.^[2] On 9 October 1789, he succeeded his childless uncle as Earl of Abercorn, and entered the House of Lords as Viscount Hamilton.^[1]

House of Lords

He was created 1st Marquess of Abercorn on 15 October 1790,^[5] doubtless due to his political connections. His first wife died in 1791, and he married his first cousin, Lady Cecil Hamilton, daughter of Rev. Hon. George Hamilton, on 4 March 1792. She was granted a Royal Warrant of Precedence on 27 October 1789 to assume the precedence of an earl's daughter,^[6] through his influence with Pitt; Sir Nathaniel Wraxall suggests that she was Hamilton's mistress before the death of his first wife, and that George III was very reluctant to make out the warrant.^[7] They had one child:

Cecil Frances Hamilton (1795–1860) (Thomas Lawrence, 1804)

• Lady Cecil Frances Hamilton (19 July 1795 – 7 July 1860), married William Howard, 4th Earl of Wicklow and had issue.

He was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland on 7 February 1794.^[1] Most of the Abercorn lands were in Ireland, and the Marquess made great efforts to build a voting bloc in the Irish Parliament from County Donegal and County Tyrone, although with relatively little success. He was criticised for being a harsh landlord, and in 1805 he unsuccessfully tried to have a High Court judge who had raised the issue removed from the Bench; the judge's conduct was reckless in the extreme, as Abercorn has been called "the last man who could be attacked with impunity".

His marriage to Lady Cecil was not a success; they separated in 1798 and were divorced by Act of Parliament in April 1799. The next month, she married Joseph Copley, the brother of Abercorn's first wife. Abercorn married Lady Anne Jane Gore (1763–1827), daughter of Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran, on 3 April 1800.^[8]

He was invested as a Knight of the Garter on 17 January 1805.^[1]

George W. E. Russell provided the following sketch of his aristocratic character:

This admirable nobleman always went out shooting in his Blue Ribbon, and required his housemaids to wear white kid gloves when they made his bed. Before he married his first cousin, Miss Cecil Hamilton, he induced the Crown to confer on her the titular rank of an Earl's daughter, that he might not marry beneath his position; and, when he discovered that she contemplated eloping, he sent a message begging her to take the family coach, as it ought never to be said that Lady Abercorn left her husband's roof in a hack chaise.^[9]

Lord Abercorn died on 27 January 1818 at Bentley Priory, Stanmore, and was buried on 5 February at Stanmore. His titles passed to his grandson, James Hamilton.^[8]

Notes and references

1. Cokayne 1910, p. 7.
2. Drummond 1964.
3. "John James Hamilton". The Inner Temple Admissions Database. 11 December 2017.
4. "Hamilton, John James (HMLN773JJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
5. Cokayne 1910, p. 7, line 22: "On 15 Oct. 1790, he was cr. MARQUESS OF ABERCORN ..."
6. "No. 13143". The London Gazette. 24 October 1789. p. 673.
7. Cokayne 1910, p. 17.
8. Cokayne 1910, p. 8.
9. George W. E. Russell, Collections & Recollections (Revised edition, Smith Elder & Co, London, 1899), at page 77.

• Cokayne, George Edward (1910), Gibbs, Vicary (ed.), The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), London: St Catherine Press - AB-ADAM to BASING
• Drummond, Mary M. (1964). "HAMILTON, John James (1756-1818).". In Namier, Sir Lewis; Brooke, John (eds.). The House of Commons 1754–1790. The History of Parliament Trust.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Abercorn
• Abercorn papers

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by John Buller William Graves	Member of Parliament for East Looe 1783–1784 With: John Buller	Succeeded by John Buller William Graves
Preceded by Edward James Eliot Dudley Long	Member of Parliament for St Germans 1784–1789 With: Abel Smith 1784–1788 Samuel Smith 1788–1789	Succeeded by Samuel Smith Sir Charles Hamilton, Bt
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by James Hamilton	Earl of Abercorn 1789–1818	Succeeded by James Hamilton
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation	Marquess of Abercorn 1790–1818	Succeeded by James Hamilton