Keane started his junior hockey career for the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League.[1] He played for Barrie for 2 1/2 seasons and was traded to the London Knights partway through his final junior season of 2018–19.[4] He was selected to the OHL Third All-Star Team for Barrie for the 2017–18 season.[4]
He made his professional debut for the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL) in the 2019–20 season.[1][5] As an AHL rookie he was selected for the 2020 AHL All-Star Challenge.[6] He was called up to the Rangers on February 14, 2020 after posting 8 goals and 20 assists in 48 games with Hartford.[6][7] He was returned to Hartford after not playing in the Rangers' game that day.[7] On February 18, 2020, Keane was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Julien Gauthier.[8]
As a restricted free agent at the conclusion of his contract with the Hurricanes, Keane opted to move abroad in agreeing to a one-year contract for the 2022–23 season with Russian club, HC Spartak Moscow of the KHL, on July 25, 2022.[9]
After two seasons with HC Spartak Moscow, where he scored 35 points in 102 games, Keane returned to the United States and signed a professional try-out agreement with the San Jose Sharks on September 19, 2024.[10] On September 27, 2024, Keane was assigned to the Sharks' AHL affiliate San Jose Barracuda.[11]