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Job Bicknell Ellis
Job Bicknell Ellis
Born	January 21, 1829; Potsdam, New York
Died	December 30, 1905 (aged 76); Newfield, New Jersey
Nationality	American
Known for	Collecting and classifying ascomycetes, particularly Sordariomycetes
	Scientific career
Fields	Mycology
Author abbrev. (botany)	Ellis

Job Bicknell Ellis (January 21, 1829 – December 30, 1905) was a pioneering North American mycologist known for his study of ascomycetes, especially the grouping of fungi called the Pyrenomycetes (known today as the Sordariomycetes). Born and raised in New York, he worked as a teacher and farmer before developing an interest in mycology. He collected specimens extensively, and together with his wife, prepared 200,000 sets of dried fungal samples that were sent out to subscribers in series between 1878 and 1894. Together with colleagues William A. Kellerman and Benjamin Matlack Everhart, he founded the Journal of Mycology in 1885, forerunner to the modern journal Mycologia. He described over 4000 species of fungi, and his collection of over 100,000 specimens is currently housed at the herbarium of the New York Botanical Gardens. Ellis had over 100 taxa of fungi named in his honor.

Life

Ellis was born in Potsdam, New York, on January 21, 1829, to parents Freeman Ellis and Sarah Bicknell. He was the tenth child of fourteen. In 1851, he graduated from Union College in Schenectady, New York, the same institution attended by lichenologist Edward Tuckerman (A.B. 1837) and mycologist Charles Horton Peck (A.B. 1859). Bicknell began an erratic career as a classics teacher and farmer in New York, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. He became the principal of the Canton Academy in 1856, the same year he married Arvilla Jane Bacon, who became his lifelong assistant and collaborator. Their daughter Cora was born on January 12, 1857; she later became a professional musician in New York. It was around this time that Bicknell started developing his interest in botany, by collecting plants with fellow teachers on weekends. He saw a copy of Henry William Ravenel's Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati, a set of dried specimens (exsiccata) collected and distributed from North Carolina and area. Ellis initiated a correspondence with Ravenel, and established a friendship that lasted until Ravenel's death in 1887.^[1]

Ellis taught in a public school in Potsdam village in 1863,^[2] and later served on the Union side in the American Civil War from 1864 to 1865.^[3] He served on the steam frigate USS Susquehanna of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and was present during the bombardment of Fort Fisher on December 24–25, 1864 and January 13–15, 1865, when the Fort was captured. The war took its toll on his spirits; his April 22, 1865, diary entry reads: "I have felt degraded ever since I have been here & no amount of money & I might perhaps safely say no motive not even patriotism will ever induce me to put myself in the like position again."^[1] He was discharged from the Navy on May 18, 1865, and returned to Potsdam.^[1] After the war Ellis settled in Newfield, New Jersey, where he lived until his death.^[2]

Although he did not have any formal training as a botanist or mycologist, Ellis gradually took up mycological fieldwork and ultimately dedicated his life to the collection and exchange of dried fungal specimens. He created four exsiccata series as reference collections that were sold in sets of one hundred, or "centuries".^[4] The most important of these were the Fungi Nova-Caesarienses (Fungi of New Jersey) (1878) and the North American Fungi, issued in Series I and Series II from 1878 to 1898.^[2]^[5] The complete set of North American Fungi numbered 3600 specimens.^[6]^[7] The obituary of his wife, who died on July 18, 1899, elaborated her devotion to his work:

Besides binding many of her husband's books and pamphlets, she prepared some three thousand blank books in which the North American Fungi were issued and in which the greater part of the Ellis collection was mounted. Besides this she arranged at least three fourths of the 200,000 specimens which were issued in this exsiccata series and in the Fungi Columbiani,^[8] folding papers, inserting specimens, pasting labels and inserting in their places.^[9]

He was exceedingly timid and shrinking, but possessed of a charming personality,
and by his lovable disposition endeared himself to all who knew him.

Curtis Gates Lloyd^[10]

Based in Newfield, New Jersey, Ellis maintained an extensive correspondence with many renowned American and European mycologists. In 1880, Ellis began to receive financial support from Benjamin Matlock Everhart, a wealthy merchant of West Chester, Pennsylvania. Together they co-authored North American Pyrenomycetes (1892). With William A. Kellerman, Ellis and Everhart founded the Journal of Mycology in 1885, a forerunner to Mycologia. Most of the articles in the first issues were written by Ellis. He published many of his newly discovered species in the journal, as well as the Botanical Gazette, Torrey Bulletin, American Naturalist, and Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy. In 1896, near the end of his life, Ellis sold his collection of over 100,000 specimens to the New York Botanical Garden for its Cryptogamic Herbarium, including the types of 4,000 new species described by Ellis and his collaborators.^[11] The Garden Library also received a "large cache" of his letters in 1983.^[12] Ellis was one of the most prolific authors of new fungal species, having formally described about 3520 in his career.^[13] He was also a prolific author, and published over 500 scientific articles. He died December 30, 1905, in Newfield.^[2]

Memberships and societies

Ellis was honored by several scientific societies. In 1878, he was elected a corresponding member of Philadelphia's Academy of Natural Sciences. In August 1882 he was elected a corresponding member of the Cryptogamic Society of Scotland and in December of the same year was elected a corresponding member of "Die Kaiserlich-Königliche Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien".^[2]

Eponymous taxa

Genera

Ellisiella Bat. 1956
Ellisiella Sacc. 1881 (now Colletotrichum)
Ellisiellina Sousa da Câmara 1949 (now Colletotrichum)
Elisiodothis Theiss 1914
Ellisiopsis Bat. 1956 (now Beltraniella)
Ellisomyces Benny & R.K. Benj. 1975
Ellisius Gray. 1821^[14]
Jobellisia M.E. Barr 1993

Species

Acanthostigma ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Aecidium ellisii Tracy & L.D. Galloway 1888
Albatrellopsis ellisii (Berk.) Teixeira 1994
Albatrellus ellisii (Berk.) Pouzar 1966
Alternaria ellisii Pandotra & Ganguly 1964
Annellophorella ellisii Reisinger & Kiffer 1970
Anthostoma ellisii Sacc.
Ascochyta ellisii Thüm.
Asterina ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Atractobolus ellisiella (Rehm) Kuntze 1898
Bactridium ellisii Berk. 1874
Bipolaris ellisii (Danquah) Alcorn 1983
Botrytis ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Bullaria ellisii (De Toni) Arthur & Mains
Calathella ellisii Agerer 1983
Caliciopsis ellisii Sacc.
Calycina ellisii (Dennis) Raitv. 2004
Capnodium ellisii Sacc.
Cenangium ellisii Sacc.
Cercospora ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Ceuthospora ellisii Sacc. & Trotter 1913
Chaetendophragmia ellisii (Piroz.) B. Sutton & Hodges 1978
Chaetomium ellisianum Sacc. & P. Syd.
Chaetoplea ellisii (Sacc. & P. Syd.) M.E. Barr 1990
Chaetosphaeria ellisii (M.E. Barr) Huhndorf & F.A. Fernández 2005
Chalara ellisii Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1975
Clasterosporium ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Clathrosphaerina ellisii Purohit, Panwar & N.L.Vyas 1974
Cochliobolus ellisii Alcorn 1983
Collybia ellisii (Murrill) Murrill 1917
Comatricha ellisii Morgan 1894
Coniochaeta ellisiorum P.F. Cannon
Coniophora ellisii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc. 1888
Coprinellus ellisii (P.D. Orton) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo 2001
Coprinus ellisii P.D. Orton 1960
Corticium ellisii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Cooke 1880
Coryne ellisii Berk. 1873
Cucurbitaria ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd.
Curvularia ellisii S.I. Ahmed & M. Qureshi 1960
Cylindrosporium ellisii Halst.
Cylindrotrichum ellisii Morgan-Jones 1977
Dacrymyces ellisii Coker 1920
Dacryopsis ellisiana Massee 1891
Dasyscyphus ellisianus (Rehm) Sacc. 1889
Dendryphion ellisii Cooke 1878
Diaporthe ellisii Rehm
Dicaeoma ellisianum (Thüm.) Kuntze 1898
Dicaeoma ellisii (De Toni) Kuntze 1898
Didymostilbe ellisii A.S. Saxena & Mukerji 1970
Dimerosporium ellisii Sacc.
Diplodina ellisii Sacc.
Dothiora ellisii (M.E. Barr) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc. 1987
Dothiorella ellisii Arx 1957
Drechslera ellisii Danquah 1975
Endophragmiella ellisii S. Hughes 1979
Engizostoma ellisii Kuntze 1898
Entoleuca ellisii Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh 2005
Entyloma ellisii Halst. 1890
Entylomella ellisii (Halst.) Cif. 1959
Erynia ellisiana Ben Ze'ev 1986
Erysiphe ellisii (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Fomes ellisianus F.W. Anderson 1891
Furia ellisiana (Ben Ze'ev) Humber 1989
Fusicoccum ellisianum Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Fusicoccum ellisii Petr. & Died. 1913
Glabrocyphella ellisiana W.B. Cooke 1961
Gloniopsis ellisii Cash 1939
Gymnopus ellisii Murrill 1917
Gymnosporangium ellisii Berk. 1879
Hamaspora ellisii (Berk.) Körn. 1877
Haplaria ellisii Cooke 1889
Helicosporium ellisii Cooke
Hemiarcyria ellisii Massee 1889
Herpotrichia ellisii (Sacc. & P. Syd.) M.E. Barr 1992
Hydnum ellisianum Thüm. 1878
Hydnum ellisianum (Banker) Sacc. & Trotter 1912
Hymenochaete ellisii Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876
Hymenoscyphus ellisii Dennis 1964
Hyphopolynema ellisiorum B. Sutton & Alcorn 1984
Kylindria ellisii (Morgan-Jones) DiCosmo, S.M. Berch & W.B. Kendr. 1983
Lachnella ellisiana (Rehm) Seaver 1951
Lasiosphaeria ellisii M.E. Barr 1993
Leptosphaeria ellisiana Berl.
Lyophyllum ellisii (P.D. Orton) Cons. & Contu 2001
Macroplodia ellisii (Sacc.) Kuntze 1898
Melanopsamma ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Meliola ellisii Roum. 1880
Microscypha ellisii Dennis 1971
Microsphaera ellisii U. Braun 1982
Monochaetia ellisiana Sacc. & D. Sacc. 1906
Myxosporium ellisii Sacc. 1884
Nectria ellisii C. Booth 1959
Niptera ellisii Rehm
Nodulisporium ellisii (Sacc. & P. Syd.) S. Hughes 1958
Odontia ellisiana (Thüm.) Rick 1933
Ophiobolus ellisianus Berl.
Peniophora ellisii Massee 1889
Perenniporia ellisiana (F.W. Anderson) Gilb. & Ryvarden 1985
Periconia ellisii P.Rag. Rao & D. Rao 1964
Periconiella ellisii Merny & B. Huguenin 1962
Pestalotia ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Peziza ellisiana Rehm
Phellodon ellisianus Banker 1906
Phillipsiella ellisii M.E. Barr 1993
Phragmidium ellisii (Berk.) Sacc. 1888
Phyllosticta ellisiana Lambotte & Fautrey 1894
Phyllosticta ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Pithomyces ellisii V.G. Rao & Chary 1972
Pleospora ellisii Wehm. 1961
Pleurage ellisiana Griffiths 1901
Plochmopeltis ellisii Arx 1959
Podisoma ellisii (Berk.) Mussat 1874
Podospora ellisiana (Griffiths) Mirza & Cain 1970
Polynema ellisii B. Sutton
Polypilus ellisii (Berk.) Teixeira 1992
Polyporus ellisianus (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter 1912
Polyporus ellisii Berk. 1878
Polystictus ellisianus Lloyd 1920
Poria ellisiana (F.W. Anderson) Ginns 1984
Pseudocercospora pamelae-ellisiae (G.P. Agarwal & N.D. Sharma) U. Braun 1999
Psilachnum ellisii (Dennis) E. Weber & Baral 1992
Puccinia ellisiana Thüm. 1878
Puccinia ellisii De Toni 1888
Pyrenopeziza ellisii Massee 1896
Rhabdospora ellisii Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
Rhinocladiella ellisii D. Hawksw. 1977 (now Zasmidium cellare)
Roestelia ellisii Peck 1875
Scindalma ellisianum (F.W. Anderson) Kuntze 1898
Sciniatosporium ellisii (M.B. Ellis) Morgan-Jones 1971
Scutiger ellisii (Berk.) Murrill 1903
Septoria ellisiana Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902
Septoria ellisii Berl. & Voglino 1886
Sordaria ellisiana (Griffiths) Sacc. & D. Sacc. 1905
Sorosporium ellisii G. Winter
Sphaeropsis ellisii Sacc. 1884
Sporidesmium ellisii Piroz. 1972
Sporisorium ellisii (G. Winter) M. Piepenbr. 2003
Stigmina ellisiana B. Sutton 1972
Stigmina ellisii M.B. Ellis 1959
Stigmina pamelae-ellisiae G.P. Agarwal & N.D. Sharma 1974
Tephrocybe ellisii P.D. Orton 1988
Tetrabrunneospora ellisii Dyko 1978
Tetraploa ellisii Cooke 1879
Tomentella ellisii (Sacc.) Jülich & Stalpers 1980
Torula ellisii Yadav & Lal 1966
Trametes ellisiana Henn. 1895
Tyromyces ellisianus Murrill 1907
Uromyces ellisianus Henn. 1898
Volutella ellisii Langl. 1887
Wettsteinina ellisii M.E. Barr 1972
Zoophthora ellisiana (Ben Ze'ev) Balazy 1993
Zygodesmus ellisii Sacc. 1886

The standard author abbreviation Ellis is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.^[15]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Kaye GC. (1986). "Job Bicknell Ellis 1829–1905". Mycotaxon. 26: 29–45. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kellerman WA. (1906). "Obituary: Job Bicknell Ellis". Journal of Mycology. 12 (2): 41–45. JSTOR 3752618.
^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
^ Triebel, D. & Scholz, P. 2001–2024 IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae. – Botanische Staatssammlung München: http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de. – München, Germany.
^ "Fungi Nova-Caesareenses: IndExs ExsiccataID=243590144". IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae. Botanische Staatssammlung München. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
^ Ainsworth GC. (1976). Introduction to the History of Mycology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN 0-521-11295-8.
^ "North American fungi. Second series: IndExs ExsiccataID=481455028". IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae. Botanische Staatssammlung München. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
^ "Fungi Columbiani: IndExs ExsiccataID=661098062". IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae. Botanische Staatssammlung München. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
^ Underwood LM. (1899). "Mrs. Arvilla J. Ellis". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 26 (10): 553. JSTOR 2478278.
^ Lloyd CG. (1915). "J.B. Ellis". Mycological Notes. 39: 526.
^ Holmgren PK, Kallunki JA, Theirs BM (1996). "A short description of the collections of the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium". Brittonia. 48 (3): 285–96. Bibcode:1996Britt..48..285H. doi:10.1007/bf02805288. JSTOR 2807788. S2CID 31231903.
^ Anon. (1983). "News and Notes". Taxon. 32 (2): 339–344, 347. doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1983.tb02446.x. JSTOR 1222017.
^ Lücking, Robert (2020). "Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective". Megataxa. 1 (1): 78–103 [85]. doi:10.11646/megataxa.1.1.16.
^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
^ International Plant Names Index. Ellis.