The Jeep Cherokee (XJ) is a sport utility vehicle manufactured and marketed across a single generation by Jeep in the United States from 1983 (model year 1984) through 2001 — and globally through 2014. It was available in two- or four-door, five-passenger, front-engine, rear- or four-wheel drive configurations.
Sharing the name of the original, full-size Cherokee SJ model, the 1984 XJ Cherokee was Jeep's first all-new design since the 1963 SJ Wagoneer, as well as the first American off-road vehicle built with fully integrated body-and-frame (unibody) design,[5][6] and formed the mechanical basis for the Jeep Comanche (MJ)pickup truck (1986–1992).
Jeep marketed XJs as Sportwagons, precursor to the modern sport utility vehicle (SUV), before that term was used.[7][8] The XJ is credited for spawning competitors, as other automakers noticed the design cannibalizing sales from regular cars,[9] supplanting the role of the station wagon and transforming the vehicle type "from truck to limousine in the eyes of countless suburban owners,"[10] though GM had also launched road-biased, RWD and 4WD compact SUVs, the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and GMC S-15 Jimmy, one year earlier, initially available in two-door form only.[11][12]
The 2007 book Jeep Off-Road called the XJ a "significant link in the evolution of the 4x4."[13] In 2011 Kiplinger magazine selected the XJ as one of the "cars that refuse to die."[14] Automotive journalist Robert Cumberford, writing for Automobile, called the Jeep XJ one of the 20 greatest cars of all time — for its design, and "possibly the best SUV shape of all time, it is the paradigmatic model to which other designers have since aspired."[10]
Background
Designs of the compact-size XJ Cherokee date back to 1978 when a team of American Motors (AMC) and Renault engineers drew several sketches. Clay models were based on the then-current full-size SJ Cherokee. Early sketches of the XJ Cherokee had a European influence, and most of the styling cues were done by AMC engineers under the direction of Dick Teague, vice president of design.[15]
Noticing that General Motors was developing a new two-door S-10-based Blazer, AMC decided to develop an entirely new four-door model in addition to a two-door version. American Motors' vice president of engineering, Roy Lunn, designed what is known as the "Quadra-Link" suspension, that limited rollovers.[16] Renault's François Castaing developed the drivetrain using a much smaller engine than normally found in 4WD vehicles and reduced the weight of the new model.[17] It "is noteworthy as the first nonmilitary 4x4 with unibody construction."[13] The unconventional design enhanced XJ's durability and off-road capability and eventually won over most critics, even those models with early underpowered GM engines.[13] The XJ is described "as the first small crossover SUV in the U.S.," with "plenty of the Jeep toughness (and a straight-six engine) built-in."[14] The design and market positioning of the XJ, along with the AMC Eagle essentially "foreshadowed the car-based crossover utility-vehicle fad."[13]
"The new XJ Jeep ... was 1,200 pounds lighter, 31 inches shorter, six inches narrower and four inches lower than the Cherokee SJ it replaced, and yet — thanks to unibody construction — the XJ kept 90 percent of its predecessor’s interior volume." And, not only was fuel economy much improved, but "articulation is also better, as is ground clearance, as well as approach, departure and breakover angles. These, along with its smaller profile, make the XJ better both off-road and on."[18]
Although the XJ models had just been introduced, AMC quickly began the development of its successor. To compete against its much larger rivals, the smallest U.S. automaker created a business process that is now known as "product lifecycle management" (PLM) to speed up its product development process.[19][20] By 1985, development and engineering was based on computer-aided design (CAD) software systems while new systems stored all drawings and documents in a central database.[19] The pioneering PLM was so effective that after Chrysler purchased AMC in 1987, it expanded the system throughout its enterprise.[19]
British TV presenter and motoring expert Quentin Willson described the XJ Jeep as "a real 4x4 icon" and one of the "few truly great cars... which, despite being left behind by newer models, still offer fresh and urgent possibilities. Cars which become more relevant the older they get."[21]
1984–1996
The XJ Cherokee introduced for the 1984 model year was the first Jeep with a ladder-boxed chassis integrated into a single monocoque unit rather than the traditional separate body-on-frame construction. The design was rigid and sturdy with approximately 3,200 welds in a completed body, "yet wonderfully lightweight, [the] Uniframe permitted outstanding performance even with AMC's new 2.5 L (150 cu in) four-cylinder engine."[22][23]
Both two- and four-door versions of the XJ Cherokee were offered throughout its lifetime, each having the same track and wheelbase measurements. Two-door models, however, received longer doors and front seats that could fold forward to assist in rear passenger entry and exit. This was in addition to extended-length rear windows that did not open, although an optional rear vent window was available on some models.[24]
This version was the first to be sold in Europe, in the early years, however, only few cars were exported. Notable sales only began in the late eighties or early nineties, depending on the country. In 1988 an import organization was established in Switzerland.[25] In 1989 the Cherokee was launched in France (marketed through Renault), in 1992 in some additional markets, and in 1993 for the United Kingdom. Early versions came with the 4.0 L (242 cu in) inline six-cylinder engine. The 2.3 L (140 cu in) four-cylinder engine did not arrive in Europe until 1995.
In mid-1985, a two-wheel-drive version of the Cherokee was added to the lineup. This marked the first time any Jeep product was offered with two-wheel drive since 1967, and was done to attract buyers who did not need (or want to pay for) four-wheel drive. When the XJ Cherokee-based Comanche (MJ) pickup truck was introduced, it was also available in two- and four-wheel drive. The new two-wheel-drive models shared the front suspension (from the track bar, control arms, and ball joints) with four-wheel-drive models. Jeep simply used a single axle tube from hub to hub with no differential between, resulting in an inexpensive front suspension.
For 1996, partially to comply with new U.S. OBD-II exhaust and evaporative emissions regulations, the engine management system was upgraded to Chrysler's then-new "JTEC" PCM. This added the side benefits of improving reliability and easing diagnostics.
American Motors' compact XJ Cherokee was to be replaced by a new and larger model known as the ZJ (later named the Jeep Grand Cherokee when introduced in 1993) that was under development by AMC.[26] However, the smaller model's continuing popularity caused Chrysler executives to rethink this decision, and while the ZJ models were introduced in 1993, the XJ models were retained until 2001. The Jeep XJ has remained a popular choice by off-roading enthusiasts due to its potent off-roading capability in stock form. Its popularity has resulted in strong ongoing aftermarket support in the form of a wide variety of products.[27]
Wagoneer
A variation on the Cherokee from 1983 until 1990 was the Jeep Wagoneer. These were unrelated to the similarly named full-sized Grand Wagoneer models that had carried the Wagoneer name before this point.[28] The compact XJ Wagoneer was available initially in two trim levels: the "Wagoneer" or "Wagoneer Base" and the "Wagoneer Limited." The "Wagoneer Base" trim was soon discontinued with its last model year being 1987.[29] Both Wagoneers were distinguished from the Cherokee for the 1983 through 1985 model years by a slightly different grille and a smaller "Jeep" emblem offset to the driver's side. The single rectangular sealed beam headlamps were changed for 1986 to vertically stacked quad low and high beam headlights with front turn signal lights relocated behind the grille. Where the Cherokee tail lights were split in half with a red section above an amber section, the tail lights on Wagoneers had a single red lens. The Wagoneer Limited came with vinyl wood trim on the sides and cloth seats with leather bolsters. "Limited" was embossed on the front seat backs and in the center of the rear seat back. The standard equipment list was extensive and included air conditioning, cruise control, power disk brakes, rear window wiper and washer, and adjustable steering wheel.[30]
1984–1996 Cherokee Sport 4.0
1985 Cherokee (Netherlands)
1984–1990 Jeep Wagoneer (XJ)
1988 Jeep Cherokee XJ Pioneer Olympic Edition
1993–1996 Cherokee Country (USA)
1993–1996 Jeep Cherokee XJ (Japan)
1994–1997 Cherokee Sport, Australia
Fleet markets
In the early- to mid-1990s, the Jeep Cherokee started becoming popular for government and police use. The Cherokee AHB police package was introduced during the 1992 model year. Starting in 1996, Jeep released a special version of the XJ Cherokee SE for police and fleet use. It featured no interior rear door handles and a revised 190 hp (142 kW) high output version of the 4.0 L "Power-Tech" inline six-cylinder engine. The new HO engine replaced the previous 177 hp (132 kW) version of the 4.0 L engine in all installations.
The Cherokee was also made in right-hand drive format, initially for the United States Postal Service. As a spin-off, it allowed Jeep in later years to enter right-hand drive markets — the Cherokee went on sale in both the United Kingdom and Ireland in 1993. It was also sold in Japan, but due to the country's strict "Shaken" motor-vehicle inspection laws, many used Japanese-market Cherokees have found their way back to the U.S. for use by rural mail carriers.[31][32][33]
1997–2001 Cherokee Sport 4-door1997–2001 Cherokee Sport 2-door (Germany)1998–2001 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) Limited2000 Cherokee 4.0L Classic
After 13 years of production, 1997 saw the Cherokee receive updated exterior and interior styling. Both the two- and four-door bodies remained in production, receiving a steel liftgate (replacing the fiberglass one used previously), restyled taillights, additional plastic molding along the doors, as well as a new front header panel that featured more aerodynamic styling. The spare tire remained mounted to the interior rear quarter panel on the driver's side in the trunk. A new, unique spare tire carrier was invented by Peter Gruich while working for Jeep Special Programs that utilized the trailer hitch bar and a unique pivot bracket and although it was the only external spare tire carrier to pass the full Jeep durability test, it was not offered for sale.[citation needed]
The interior was similarly updated with an all-new design and instrument panel featuring the first blow-molded symmetrical instrument panel retainer structure. This instrument panel featured a unique cluster/airbag bracket invented by Peter Gruich that allowed the interchange of the two components for the vehicle to be sold in the right-hand and left-hand drive markets with both driver and passenger airbags. A beeper also replaced the buzzer. A stiffer unibody frame brought improvements to noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) measurements. Also contributing to NVH improvements were new door seals that reduced wind noise at higher speeds.
In the middle of the 1999 model year, vehicles with the 4.0 L engine received a revised intake manifold. This was done to help counteract smaller exhaust porting on the latest casting of cylinder heads, which was done to meet more stringent emissions control laws. Both the four- and six-cylinder engines were offered through the 2000 model year, though only the straight-six was available in 2001. For the 2000 and 2001 model years, all six-cylinder XJs received a distributor-less ignition system using coil-on-plug ignition and wasted spark, replacing the distributor-type system previously used. Coupled with better exhaust porting and the newer intake manifolds, the coil-on-plug gave a minor increase in power and improved emissions performance over the previous models. Transmission, axle, and transfer case choices were carried over from the previous models.
However, major changes were underway with a new executive, Wolfgang Bernhard, who was known as a "cost-slasher" nicknamed "whirlwind", who came from Mercedes-Benz to turn Chrysler around.[35][36] "One of the first moves Bernhard made when he came to Chrysler in 2000 was to help kill the Jeep Cherokee, an aging, somewhat bland SUV."[37] Thus, the (XJ) Cherokee line was replaced in 2001 by the Jeep Liberty (KJ), which was branded as a "Cherokee" to ride off the success of the XJ in most foreign markets.
The Cherokee (XJ) remains a popular vehicle among off-roading enthusiasts.[27] Its design has been noted as one of the greatest of all time.[10]Popular Mechanics listed the XJ as one of "the 25 greatest boxy cars of all time".[38]
When (XJ) Cherokee production ended in June 2001, the portion of the Toledo South Assembly Plant devoted to its production was torn down.[39]
Fleet markets
By 1997, the XJ Cherokee became popular in police and government fleets. Production of the Cherokee Special Service Package continued for the 1997 model year into the 2001 model year. It had the same features as the 1996 Cherokee Special Service Package, but the engine now produced 195 hp (145 kW). After the XJ Cherokee production ended in the United States, the Jeep Liberty replacement did not offer a Special Service Package. Although Jeep Liberty did not have a special service package, police and government agencies used the Liberty in their fleets for light use.
Console controls for the SelecTrac, NP228 transfer case (1984–1986)1987-1992 Cherokee Limited rear bench seat, 1992 shown1993 Cherokee Country interior
Base - 1984–1993 / SE - 1994–2001 included: vinyl or cloth upholstery, full-faced steel wheels, and AM radio with two speakers. SE replaced Base in 1994. In later years it was the only trim level offered for the two-door model.
Chief - 1984–1990 included: cloth plaid-pattern upholstery, and AM/FM radio with two speakers.
Pioneer - 1984–1990 included: cloth plaid-pattern upholstery, steel wheels, and an AM radio with two speakers.
Pioneer Olympic Edition - 1988 included: cloth upholstery, AM/FM radio with two speakers, and air conditioning.
Wagoneer - 1984–1990 included: ribbed cloth upholstery with leather trim, faux maple-wood interior accents with wood laminate exterior decals, alloy wheels, AM/FM radio with cassette player and four speakers, infrared (single-button) remote keyless entry for 1990 model year, overhead console for 1990 model year, dual power seats, and air conditioning. Considered by AMC to be a separate model and not part of the Cherokee series.
Laredo - 1985–1992 included: chrome accenting, cloth plaid-pattern (1985 through 1987) or "luggage fabric" (1988 through 1992) upholstery with the option of "Briarwood" style leather-and-vinyl seats for the 1992 model year only, five-spoke alloy wheels, AM/FM radio with four speakers and the option for six Jensen AccuSound speakers, infrared (single-button) remote keyless entry (if equipped with power locks) optional overhead console, optional dual power seats, and air conditioning. Replaced by the Country in 1993.
Limited - 1987–1992, 1998–2001 included: monotone paint, leather-and-vinyl upholstery, color-keyed lace-spoke wheels, AM/FM radio with cassette player and six Jensen AccuSound speakers, infrared (single-button) remote keyless entry, an overhead console, dual power seats, and air conditioning. This trim model was replaced by the Country in 1993 and then rejoined the lineup in 1998 to replace the Country.
Sport - 1988–2001 included: cloth-and-vinyl upholstery, AM/FM radio with two speakers (later, it added a cassette player and four speakers), full-faced steel or optional alloy wheels, optional infrared (single-button) (1988 through 1996) or radiofrequency (dual-button) (1997 through 2001) keyless entry (if equipped with power locks), and air conditioning.
Briarwood - 1991–1992 (succeeded Wagoneer) included: leather-and-vinyl upholstery, faux maple-wood interior accents with wood laminate exterior decals, lace-spoke wheels, AM/FM radio with cassette player and six Jensen AccuSound speakers, infrared (single-button) remote keyless entry, an overhead console, dual power seats, and an air conditioner.
Country - 1993–1997 included: two-tone paint similar to "Laredo" with upgraded color-keyed pinstripe and the option for "champagne" gold along with silver as accent options, the replacement of several interiors, formerly chrome accents with flat black (Base and Sport models, as well, starting in 1993 model year), cloth-and-vinyl ("luggage fabric") upholstery with the option for leather (excluding 1993 model year), faux mahogany-wood interior accents, lace-spoke wheels, AM/FM radio with cassette player and four speakers with the option for six Jensen AccuSound speakers, optional overhead console (excluding 1993 model year), infrared (dual-button) (1993 through 1996) or radiofrequency (dual-button) (1997) remote keyless entry (if equipped with power locks), optional dual power seats, and air conditioning. Replaced by the Classic and Limited in 1998.
Classic - 1996, 1998–2001 included: monotone paint color, cloth upholstery, 16-inch alloy wheels, AM/FM radio with cassette player and four speakers, infrared (dual-button) remote keyless entry, overhead console, and air conditioning. Briefly replaced by the Limited in 1997, and rejoined the lineup below the Limited in 1998.
Orvis - 1999–2000, Limited-production model, only available in the United Kingdom, included: Special Orvis badging, special Orvis floor mats (with enamel logos stitched into them), 16-inch 'Icon' alloy wheels with two-tone color scheme, simulated hood vents, tailgate spoiler with integrated LED brake light, ruffled leather seats with 6-way electric adjustment, leather door-panels, leather spare wheel cover. Orvis logo is embossed into each headrest, golden Orvis logo is on top of the ashtray lid. AM/FM radio with cassette, Infinity amplifier and six Infinity speakers, remote keyless entry, cruise control, driver and passenger side heated mirrors, and air conditioning. Available with the 4.0 L (242 cu in) inline-six with the Aisin AW-4 four-speed automatic. Also available was the VM Motori 2.5 L Turbo-Diesel four-cylinder engine with a five-speed manual transmission.[40]
Freedom - 2000 included: special badging, SE appearance group on sport body, 16-inch Ultrastar alloy wheels (the same as the 1998 5.9L ZJ), AM/FM radio with cassette, radio frequency remote keyless entry, and air conditioning. Based on the Sport trim level. Available in 2wd or 4wd.[41]
60th Anniversary - 2001 included: special badges, special floor mats, monotone paint color, 16-inch alloy wheels, AM/FM radio with cassette, radio frequency remote keyless entry, and air conditioning. Based on the Sport trim level.
Available drivetrain components
Manual transmissions
1984: Borg-Warner T-4 four-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 only, 21 spline output
1984–1987: Aisin-Warner AX4 four-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 only, 21 spline output
1984: Borg-Warner T-5 five-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 and 2.8 L V6, 21 spline output
1984–2000: Aisin-Warner AX5 five-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4, 2.1 L I4 diesel, and 2.8 L V6, 21 spline output
1987–Mid-1989: Peugeot BA-10/5 five-speed manual used with 4.0 L I6, 21 spline output
Late 1989–1999: Aisin-Warner AX15 five-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 diesel, 4.0 L I6, 23 spline output
2000–2001: New Venture Gear NV3550 five-speed manual, used with 2.5 L I4 diesel, 4.0 L I6, 23 spline output
Automatic transmissions
1984–1986: Chrysler A904 three-speed automatic, used with 2.5 L I4 and 2.8 L V6
1987–2001: Aisin-Warner AW-4 four-speed automatic, used with 4.0 L I6
1994–2000: Chrysler 30RH three-speed automatic, used with 2.5 L I4
Transfer cases
All the transfer cases used on the Cherokee were chain-driven two-speed units with aluminum housings. Command-Trac was standard on XJ models built with 4WD.
Gear positions are 2HI, 4 full-time, 4 part-time, N, 4LO
Axles
The Jeep XJ utilizes front and rear beam axle components (live axles) as opposed to an independent suspension. The live axle configuration offers advantages in off-road capability and performance at the expense of some on-road comfort and driveability. Mid-1985 and later two-wheel drive models used the same suspension and steering mechanisms with a single tube connecting axle ends, which also meant no transfer case, no front driveshaft, and no front differential.
Front axle
1984–1996: Dana 30, high pinion, reverse cut, 27-spline axle shafts (1989 – 1995: with ABS used 5-297x universal joints, non-ABS had 5-260x universal joints. NP228/229 "Selec-Trac" equipped XJ models were also produced with constant-velocity joints instead of universal joints.)
1996–1999: Dana 30, high pinion, reverse cut, 297x/760 universal joint, 27-spline axle shafts
2000–2001: Dana 30, low pinion, standard cut, 297x/760 universal joint, 27-spline axle shafts
1985–2001: straight non-driven front axle for two-wheel drive only
3.73:1, automatic transmission, I6, tow package, UpCountry package, 2.5 VM diesel manual
4.10:1, 2.5L I4 engine, early models with tow package
4.56:1, automatic transmission, I4, off-road or tow package
Suspension
The Jeep XJ utilizes a coil spring with a separate shock absorber front suspension and a leaf spring with a separate shock absorber rear suspension.
Front suspension
The Quadra-Link front suspension design locates the axle with four leading control arms to control longitudinal movement and rotation about the lateral axis (drive and braking reaction), two above the axle and two below it. A panhard rod, also referred to as a track bar, is used to locate the axle laterally. Two coil springs are seated on top of the axle housing as well as two gas-charged shock absorbers. The suspension used on vehicles with the optional UpCountry package provided one inch of lift over the standard suspension. A sway bar is utilized to reduce body roll in turns.
Rear suspension
The XJ uses a leaf spring rear suspension. Each leaf pack contains four leaf springs with a fixed eye at the front of the spring and a compression-style shackle at the rear of the spring. Two gas-charged shock absorbers are also used, along with a mild anti-sway/anti-roll bar. The suspension used on vehicles with the optional UpCountry package did not include the rear anti-sway/anti-roll bar, but provided one-inch lift over the standard suspension.
XJ in Europe
European passenger version Cherokee XJ
The XJ was introduced to left-hand drive European markets in 1985, one year after its American debut. However, the strong U.S. Dollar made the Cherokee expensive and prevented notable sales during the first years. In most countries, import figures only started rising in the late eighties or early nineties. Right-hand drive European markets only began to officially receive Cherokees (in RHD form) in 1993, although a small number of personal imports had been reaching the UK in left-hand drive form for many years before that. Models were offered in both markets until the XJ's discontinuation in 2001, at which point it was replaced by the Jeep Cherokee (KJ) which retained the Cherokee name for sale in Europe despite sharing little mechanical heritage with its predecessor. The Cherokee was often sold in Europe as part of Renault's lineup and was occasionally referred to as the Renault Jeep Cherokee in marketing, although it was never sold with Renault badges. However, motorsports versions of the Cherokee that competed in the Dakar Rally did wear Renault badges.[42]
A van version of the XJ was offered in addition to the standard passenger vehicles in some European markets. Available in both right- and left-hand-drive models, they were designed to comply with relaxed motor tax regulations in some EU member states governing vehicles intended for primarily commercial use. Both two- and four-door versions are known to have been sold, with the main differences from the standard models being metal panels in place of the rear side windows, no rear seats, and a completely flat cargo area. Two- and four-wheel-drive variants were available, powered by the VM Motori 2.5 L diesel engine mated to the Aisin AX-15 manual transmission. Photographs of this model can be found here.[43]
XJ in China
Beijing Jeep BJ2021 Cherokee (original version)
Beijing Jeep BJ2500（MY2004–2005）
Beijing BJ2021, a Jeep XJ with a raised roof and longer wheelbase (1984–2005)BAW Qishi (2009–2014)
American Motors established the first automobile manufacturing joint venture in the People's Republic of China to assemble the four-door Cherokee.[44][when?] Production continued after Chrysler's buyout of AMC. The Chinese market BJ 7250 (rear-wheel drive)[45] and BJ 2021 (four-wheel drive) had a raised roof in the rear, as they were often meant to be chauffeur-driven. The BJ2021 was available with a 2.5 L engine and a four-speed manual gearbox for the 1985 through 2005 model years. For 1993, a 4 L I6 cylinder version was available paired to a five-speed manual transmission.[46] The BJ7250 uses the same 2.5 L engine as the BJ2021, but includes a five-speed manual gearbox instead of a speed-speed unit.
The BJ2021 is 4290 millimeters in length, 1800 millimeters in width, and 1620 millimeters in height as well as using a 2580 millimeter wheelbase.[47] The BJ7250, however, is 90 millimeters shorter in length, 40 millimeters shorter in width and 10 millimeters taller and is 5 millimeters shorter in wheelbase[48]
Production under Mercedes-Benz continued in the partnership that was renamed Beijing-Benz DaimlerChrysler Automotive. The most recent model with an updated grille, headlights, and other upgrades was known as the Jeep 2500[49] and was produced until 2005.[50] It is notable that AMC's original Cherokee design continued to be built and sold after being virtually unchanged for over twenty years.
The BJ2500, produced by Beijing Jeep was available with the 2.4 L 4G64 engine from Mitsubishi, 2.5 L and 2.7 L engines known as C498QA. Pricing ranged from 115,000 and 127,900 yuan (16,600 to US$18,470) for 2.5 L models and was 128,000 yuan for the 2.7 L version (US$18,480).[51] while 4.0 L and 4.7 L engines were known as C698QA1 and C8V93Q respectively, and both power the Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ).[52]
After 2009 Beijing Auto Works continued the production of the Chinese-market XJ Cherokee as the BAW Qishi 骑士 (Knight in Chinese). The Qishi uses a 2.0 L I4 and 2.2 L I4 known as the 4G20 and 4G22,[53] both old Nissan units, and a five-slot grille, along with six-lug wheels. Production ended in 2014. All Chinese specification Jeeps had a five-speed manual gearbox as standard.
Chinese car manufacturer Shuanghuan Auto, who are known for their copy of the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (J120) front end, BMW X5 (E53) rear end and BMW X3 side skirt designed car, the Shuanghuan SCEO, also made a copy of the Jeep Cherokee XJ known as the Shuanghuan SHZJ213. The BJ212 platform was used. The SHZJ213 used a 2.4 L BAW 492 engine paired to a five-speed manual gearbox. Production ran from 1994 until 1997.[54]
On February 22, 2013, Chrysler released press photos of the new replacement for the Liberty, and also announced that the new model would bring back the Cherokee name. The new Cherokee (KL) is built on the compact U.S. wide platform, and features a nine-speed automatic, a choice of a 2.4 L Tigershark I4 with Fiat's electro-hydraulic MultiAir 2 variable valve timing and variable valve lift or a 3.2 L V6 based on the Pentastar 3.6 L V6, and front and four-wheel drive (the latter a Jeep's Selec-Terrain system).[55] The Liberty was sold outside of North America as the Jeep Cherokee (KK), allowing the new Cherokee to be easily marketed globally. Jeep marketing used the Cherokee name to attract previous Jeep owners and build on the name's heritage. This new Cherokee was built in Toledo, Ohio and in Belvidere, Illinois.
^ abcCumberford, Robert (15 March 2006). "20 greatest cars". Automobile Magazine. Retrieved 2 August 2022. Great designs never grow old, a truth no better confirmed than by designer Dick Teague's masterpiece, the Jeep Cherokee. Possibly the best SUV shape of all time, it is the paradigmatic model to which other designers have since aspired.
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German film director Hans-Jürgen Syberberg in the film The Ister, 2004. Hans-Jürgen Syberberg (German pronunciation: [ˈhans ˈjʏʁɡn̩ ˈzyːbɐbɛʁk]; born 8 December 1935) is a German film director, whose best known film is his lengthy feature Hitler: A Film from Germany. Early life Born in Nossendorf, Pomerania, the son of an estate owner, Syberberg lived until 1945 in Rostock and Berlin. In 1952 and 1953 he created his first 8 mm takes of rehearsals by the Berliner Ensemble....
2002 live album by Liza MinnelliLiza's BackLive album by Liza MinnelliReleasedOctober 29, 2002RecordedApril 2, 2002 Beacon Theatre, New York City, New York[1]GenreTraditional pop, jazzLength73:20LabelJProducerDavid GestLiza Minnelli chronology Minnelli on Minnelli(2000) Liza's Back(2002) Liza's at The Palace....(2009) Liza's Back is the ninth live album by American singer and actress Liza Minnelli, released by J Records in 2002.[2] After her performance at the Royal Al...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Daisy Model 25 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Weapon Model 25 The Model 25Place of originUnited StatesProduction historyDesignerCharles F. LefeverManufacturerDaisyUnit...
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Grammar, formatting, context, and meaning. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Upazila in Mymensingh, BangladeshTrishal ত্রিশালUpazilaView Of Trishal Municipality (pouroshobha) VobonCoordinates: 24°34.5′N 90°23.5′E / 24.5750°N 90.3917°E / 24.5750; 90.3917CountryBangladeshDivis...
Malaysian football club Football clubJohor Darul Ta'zim IIIFull nameJohor Darul Ta'zim Football ClubNickname(s)Southern TigersFounded2014; 9 years ago (2014)GroundPasir Gudang Corporation StadiumCapacity15,000OwnerTunku Ismail Sultan IbrahimChairmanTunku Aminah Sultan IsmailCoachLee Ki-ChanWebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Third colours Current season Active departments of Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. FootballMen's Football II(Reserves) Football(U-21) Football(U-19) T...
Brouwerij d'Hollander kan verwijzen naar: Brouwerij d'Hollander (Baasrode), een voormalige brouwerij in Baasrode van familie d'Hollander. Brouwerij d'Hollander (Eke), een voormalige brouwerij in Eke van familie d'Hollander. Een brouwershuis te Hamme Bekijk alle artikelen waarvan de titel begint met Brouwerij d'Hollander of met Brouwerij d'Hollander in de titel. Dit is een doorverwijspagina, bedoeld om de verschillen in betekenis of gebruik van Brouwerij d'Hollander in...
American psychologist Leta HollingworthLeta Stetter HollingworthFebruary 1915BornLeta Anna StetterMay 25, 1886Chadron, NebraskaDiedNovember 27, 1939 (1939-11-28) (aged 53)Columbia University Medical CenterManhattan, New York CityNationalityAmericanEducationUniversity of Nebraska (1905)Scientific careerFieldsPsychologyInstitutionsTeachers College, Columbia UniversityDoctoral advisorEdward ThorndikeNotable studentsFlorence Goodenough Theodora Mead Abel Leta Stetter Hollingworth (25 Ma...
Railway station in Essex, EnglandThis article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Newport railway station Essex – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) NewportGeneral informationLocationNewport, UttlesfordEnglandGrid referenceTL52...
Independent city in Virginia, United StatesFredericksburg, VirginiaIndependent cityHistoric Downtown Fredericksburg FlagSealCoat of armsMotto: America's Most Historic CityLocation of Fredericksburg in Northern VirginiaFredericksburgShow map of Northern VirginiaFredericksburgShow map of VirginiaFredericksburgShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 38°18′6.5″N 77°28′15″W / 38.301806°N 77.47083°W / 38.301806; -77.47083CountryUnited StatesStateVirginiaCo...
Indian politician Subodh RoyPersonal detailsBorn1915Chittagong District, Bengal Province, British India (Now Bangladesh)Died26 August 2006Calcutta, IndiaNationalityBengali, IndianPolitical partyCommunist Party of India (Marxist)ProfessionIndian independence movement activist, Revolutionist Subodh Roy (1915 – 26 August 2006)[1] (also known as Jhunku Roy) was an Indian revolutionary socialist who was influential in the Indian independence movement, and a politician. Biography Subodh R...
Meitantei Konan Tantei-tachi no RequiemSutradara Yasuichiro Yamamoto ProduserDitulis oleh [[Hiroshi KashiwabaraKategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan[Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan]][[Kategori:Film yang ditulis Hiroshi KashiwabaraKategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan[Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan]] PemeranMinami TakayamaKappei YamaguchiWakana YamazakiAkira KamiyaMegumi HayashibaraKenichi OgataWataru TakagiYukiko IwaiIkue OhtaniChafūri...
Questa voce sull'argomento atleti australiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Tamsyn Lewis Nazionalità Australia Altezza 173 cm Atletica leggera Specialità 400 metri piani, 800 metri piani Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Mondiali indoor 1 1 0 Giochi del Commonwealth 3 0 0 Mondiali juniores 0 0 1 Per maggiori dettagli vedi qui Modifica dati su Wikidata · Man...
For other uses, see Mid-century modern. 2022 American filmMid-CenturyOfficial release posterDirected bySonja O'HaraWritten byMike SternProduced byMike SternStarringStephen LangShane WestBruce DernMusic byVivek MaddalaProductioncompaniesFuture Proof FilmsAstral PlaneMoo StudiosDistributed byBlue Fox EntertainmentLionsgateRelease date June 17, 2022 (2022-06-17) CountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Mid-Century is a 2022 American horror thriller film directed by Sonja O'Hara and wri...
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