In 1945, she made her Broadway debut in Strange Fruit. This performance was followed by roles in Razzle Dazzle, The Insect Comedy, The Climate of Eden, Take a Giant Step, Jane Eyre, and The Power and The Glory. In 1959, she opened the acclaimed musical Once Upon a Mattress, originating the role of Queen Aggravain alongside Carol Burnett and Joseph Bova.[3]
Early life and education
White was born in New York City to Gladys Leah Powell and Walter Francis White, a civil-rights leader and national secretary of the NAACP. She grew up in the fashionable Sugar Hill neighborhood of Harlem at 409 Edgecombe Avenue. The house was nicknamed "The White House of Harlem" because of the prominent and important figures who were part of her parents' circle, such as James Weldon Johnson, Paul and Eslanda Robeson, Carl Van Vechten, and George Gershwin. She had one brother, Walter Carl Darrow White.[1][4]
White attended Smith College beginning in the early 1940s;[1] she majored in sociology so she might follow her father into social activism, but she maintained a stronger passion for the arts. She minored in music, studying classical voice with Anna Hamlin, and participated in extracurricular dance and fencing. In 1943 she also served as president of the student house of representatives, making her the first black student elected to serve in a government position at Smith.[1]
At the beginning of her freshman year, a fellow resident in White's dormitory, who was white, told the college leadership that she refused to share a dormitory with a woman of color and would leave the school unless White were forced to leave. The college rejected the ultimatum; the student elected to stay.[5]
Career
Early career
White worked for a short time as a proofreader for the Research Institute of America while also attending beginners' acting classes at New York's New School.[1]
In 1945, White secured her first part playing the lead role of "Nonnie" in the Broadway production of Strange Fruit. The play was an adaptation of the controversial novel about interracial love in the South. She was originally recommended for the part by Paul Robeson, a friend of the White family.[1] The play opened to mixed reviews, but both White and the play received positive attention from Eleanor Roosevelt, then First Lady, who wrote her own review in her column My Day. Of White's performance, Roosevelt wrote: I should like to pay tribute to the cast of this play as a whole, but particularly to Jane White whose first venture this is on the stage and who plays her part with restraint and beauty.[6]
White made her TV debut as a dramatic actress on June 14, 1950, in "You Have Been Warned", an episode of Stage 13 on CBS.[7]
In 1959, White played the role of the scheming Queen Aggravain in Once Upon a Mattress, in which Carol Burnett made her Broadway debut.[1]
In 1965, White and her husband, restaurateur Alfredo Viazzi, left New York for Italy, returning three years later.[8]
1970s–2011
White continued to work steadily in theatre and occasionally in television and movies from the 1970s through the 2000s. Her theatrical work has spanned summer stock, off-Broadway and on-Broadway shows. Much of her work was in classical dramas, with particular focus on Shakespeare; she won an Obie Award for her roles in the 1965–66 New York Shakespeare Festival as Volumnia in Coriolanus and the Princess of France in Love's Labour's Lost.
In the late 1970s, White and her husband opened Alfredo’s Settebello in the Village, and White performed there as a cabaret singer.[8]
In addition to the productions of Once Upon a Mattress, her television work included a 1979 stint on the soap operas The Edge of Night, A World Apart, and Search for Tomorrow. She was one of the first African-American actresses to play a role under contract on soap operas when she originated the role of Lyndia Holliday, R.N., on The Edge of Night. In 1998, she played the schoolteacher Lady Jones in the movie version of Toni Morrison's Beloved. From 1979-80, White starred in a self-written, one-woman cabaret show entitled Jane White, Who?, which interspersed autobiographical anecdotes and personal reminiscence with songs.[1] As late as 2006, she continued to perform occasionally in cabaret theater.[9]
Personal life
In 1962, White met the New York restaurateur Alfredo Viazzi, and after a short courtship they were wed. They moved to Italy in 1965, but moved back to the U.S. in the late 1960s.[1] Viazzi died of a heart attack on December 28, 1987, aged 66.[10]
White won the 1965–66 Obie award for her performances in the New York Shakespeare Festival as the Princess of France in Love's Labor's Lost and Volumnia in Coriolanus, and the 1988-89 Los Angeles Critics Circle Award for the Mother in Lorca'sBlood Wedding.[1]
References
^ abcdefghijkl"Collection: Jane White papers". Smith College Finding Aids. Retrieved 2020-07-17. The bulk of the papers concern Jane White's theatrical career. These materials, enhanced by White's eloquent self-reflections in interviews generated by her work on stage, document the career of a versatile performer. Her tenuous place on the color line brings into relief the shifting perceptions of racial identity over the span of the civil rights era and beyond, particularly as they emerged and developed in the professional theatre. Documents in the collection reveal White's thoughts about her personal life and political activist heritage as well as the craft of her work. There is evidence of how she constructed her characters and executed performances. A small amount of biographical information highlights White's life outside the theatre, and the many photographs show her onstage as well as in more candid poses. While the collection documents Jane White's life and work and, to a lesser extent, that of her husband Alfredo Viazzi, her perspective on her prominent family lends insight into studies of parents Walter and Gladys White. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.
^Who's Who in the Theatre. "Jane White." 17th ed. Gale Research, 1981. Document Number: K1652002072 Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008.
