Born in Mehoopany in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, DeWolf was a farmer prior to the American Civil War. In August 1861, he enlisted in the Union Army in the 1st Pennsylvania Artillery at the age of 17. He first saw combat at the First Battle of Bull Run. He was promoted to Corporal, but was severely wounded in the arm and discharged in October 1862. He re-enlisted in September 1864 in Battery A, 1st Pennsylvania Artillery, serving in that battery until his discharge on June 14, 1865.
In early 1876, he was assigned to MajorMarcus Reno's battalion. A letter to his wife is the only first-hand account of Reno's scouting expedition.
DeWolf was killed June 25 during Reno's retreat from the timber to "Reno Hill" at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. He and his orderly had made the difficult crossing of the buffalo ford and for some reason were going up a side path in a coulee. As DeWolf reached the top of the coulee, he was shot from his horse but survived. He was scalped next to his orderly in full view of the retreating cavalry.[1]
He was initially buried on the battlefield near where he fell, then moved to the National Cemetery. As an officer, Dr. DeWolf's remains were exhumed and returned to his family in 1877. He was reinterred in Woodlawn Cemetery in Norwalk, Ohio.
^J., Viola, Herman (2001). It is a good day to die : Indian eyewitnesses tell the story of the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Danis, Jan Shelton. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN0803296266. OCLC47140944.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bates, Samuel P., History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861–1865, Harrisburg: B. Singerly, State Printer, 1869–1871.
Voila, Herman J., It Is a Good Day to Die: Indian Eyewitnesses Tell the Story of the Battle of the Little Bighorn 1988
Further reading
Todd E. Harburn (Ed.): A Surgeon with Custer at the Little Big Horn. James DeWolf's Diary and Letter, 1876. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman (Oklahoma) 2017. ISBN978-0806156941.