Jacques Charles François Sturm (29 September 1803 – 15 December 1855) was a French mathematician, who made a significant addition to equation theory with his work, Sturm's theorem.[1]
Early life
Sturm was born in Geneva, France in 1803. The family of his father, Jean-Henri Sturm, had emigrated from Strasbourg around 1760—about 50 years before Charles-François's birth. His mother's name was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Gremay.[2]
In 1818, he started to follow the lectures of the academy of Geneva. The death of his father forced Sturm to give lessons to children of the rich in order to support his own family the following year. In 1823, he became tutor to the son of Madame de Staël.
At the end of that year, Sturm stayed in Paris for a short time following the family of his student. He resolved, with his school-fellow Jean-Daniel Colladon, to try his fortune in Paris, and obtained employment on the Bulletin universel.[3]
Discovery
In 1829, he discovered the theorem that bears his name, and concerns real-root isolation, that is the determination of the number and the localization of the real roots of a polynomial.[4]
Work
Sturm benefited from the 1830 revolution, as his Protestant faith ceased to be an obstacle to employment in public high schools. At the end of 1830, he was thus appointed as a professor of Mathématiques Spéciales at the collège Rollin.
He was chosen a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1836, filling the seat of André-Marie Ampère. Sturm became répétiteur in 1838, and in 1840 professor in the École Polytechnique. The same year, after the death of Poisson, Sturm was appointed as mechanics professor of the Faculté des sciences de Paris [fr]. His works, Cours d'analyse de l'école polytechnique (1857–1863) and Cours de mécanique de l'école polytechnique (1861), were published after his death in Paris,[3] and were regularly republished.
Sturm, Ch. (1829). "Analyse d'un mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques" [Analysis of a memoir on the solution of equations with numerical coefficients]. Bulletin Universel: 1er Section: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Chimiques (in French). 11: 419–422.
Sturm, C. (1835). "Mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques" [Memoir on the solution of equations with numerical coefficients]. Mémoires Présentés par Divers Savans a l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France [Memoirs Presented by Various Scholars to the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Institute of France] (in French). 6: 273–318.
