Iftikhar al-Dawla

Iftikhar al-Dawla
إفتخار الدولة
Nationality	Fatimid
Known for	Being the governor of Jerusalem during the 1099 siege of the city

Iftikhar al-Dawla (Arabic: إفتخار الدولة, lit. 'pride of the dynasty') was the Fatimid governor of Jerusalem during the siege of 1099. On 15 July, he surrendered Jerusalem to Raymond of Saint-Gilles^[1] in the Tower of David and was escorted out of the city with his bodyguard.^[2]

Little is known about Iftikhar al-Dawla, although he is mentioned as governor of Ascalon following the fall of Jerusalem, which suggests he was Fatimid governor of the whole of Palestine.^[3] The Syrian chronicler Bar-Hebraeus refers to him as an Egyptian man. Usama ibn Munqidh's autobiography mentions an emir of the local castles of Abu Qubays, Qadmus and al-Kaf called Iftikhar al-Dawla whose sister was married to Ibn Munqidh's uncle, the ruler of Shayzar.^[3]

Tasso, The Liberation of Jerusalem, canto 3.60 says that he met Godfrey of Bouillon “in the high court of France where I came as Egypt’s envoy long ago.” (Max Wickert translation.)

Defence of Jerusalem

Iftikhar al-Dawla had a strong garrison of Arab and Sudanese troops. Hearing of the advance of the Franks he poisoned the wells outside Jerusalem; moved livestock from the pastures inside the city walls and sent urgently to Egypt for reinforcements.^[4] He then ordered all Christians, then the majority of the population, to evacuate the city, but allowed Jews to remain within.^[4] Although the garrison was well-supplied it was insufficient to man all the walls and was overwhelmed after a siege lasting six weeks.^[2]

Notes

1. Count of Toulouse (1093–1105) and marquis of Provence (1066–1105).
2. Crusades. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
3. Nicolle 2003, p. 19.
4. Runciman 1992, pp. 181–184.

Bibliography

• Geary, Patrick J. (2003). Readings in Medieval History. Broadview Press. ISBN 1-55111-550-6
• Nicolle, David (2003). The First Crusade 1096–1099: Conquest of the Holy Land. Osprey. ISBN 1-84176-515-5.
• Runciman, Steven (1992). The First Crusade. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42705-3.