Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole. It is a white crystalline powder, which as a commercial product contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal). Anhydrous HOBt is explosive.
Automated peptide synthesis involves the condensation of the amino group of protected amino acids with the activated ester. HOBt is used to produce such activated esters. These esters are insoluble (like the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters) and react with amines at ambient temperature to give amides.[1]
HOBt is also used for the synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids aside from amino acids. These substrates may not be convertible to the acyl chlorides.[2] For instance amide derivatives of ionophoricantibiotics have been prepared in this way.[3]
Safety
Due to reclassification as UN0508, a class 1.3C explosive, hydroxybenzotriazole and its monohydrate crystal are no longer allowed to be transported by sea or air as per 49CFR (USDOThazardous materials regulations). However, UNECE draft proposal ECE/TRANS/WP.15/AC.1/HAR/2009/1 has been circulated to UN delegates and, if implemented, would amend current regulations thus allowing for the monohydrate crystal to be shipped under the less-stringent code of UN3474 as a class 4.1 desensitized explosive. HOBt was demonstrated to not exhibit dermal corrosion or irritation but did exhibit eye irritation.[4] The sensitization potential of HOBt was shown to be low (non-sensitizing at 1% in LLNA testing according to OECD 429[5]).
References
^W. König, R. Geiger (1970). "Eine neue Methode zur Synthese von Peptiden: Aktivierung der Carboxylgruppe mit Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid unter Zusatz von 1-Hydroxy-benzotriazolen". Chem. Ber.103 (3): 788–798. doi:10.1002/cber.19701030319. PMID5436656.
^Myers, Andrew G.; Yang, Bryant H.; Chen, Hou (2000). "Transformation of Pseudoephedrine Amides Into Highly Enantiomerically Enriched Aldehydes, Alcohols, and Ketones". Organic Syntheses. Vol. 77. p. 29. doi:10.1002/0471264180.os077.04. ISBN0471264229.
