The House of Loredan-Santa Maria is a cadet branch of the noble House of Loredan which has produced many politicians, diplomats, military generals, naval captains, church dignitaries, writers and lawyers, and has played a significant role in the creation of modern opera with the Accademia degli Incogniti, also called the Loredanian Academy. The branch draws its name from the parishes of Santa Maria Formosa and Santa Maria dei Miracoli in Venice, around which it was historically settled. The progenitor of the branch is considered to be the famous admiral and procuratorPietro Loredan (1372-1438) by his sons Giacomo and Polo.
The branch of Santa Maria originated from the sons of the admiral Pietro Loredan (1372-1438), Giacomo (1396-1471) and Polo, in the late 14th century. From the two brothers it was divided into two separate lineages named after two nearby parishes around which its members were settled - Santa Maria Formosa (by the homonymous church in Castello) and Santa Maria Nova (by the Church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli in Cannaregio). Besides Venice, in the following centuries the branch also settled in the Aegean islands and on the Dalmatian coast.
The family is also significant for the island of Antiparos in the Aegean Sea.[7] Apparently the Venetians did not pay much attention to the island which by the beginning of the 15th century was a pirate base and haven. This changed when the lord of the island became Giovanni Loredan, who had married Maria Sommaripa (d. 1446) from the family of the rulers of Paros, with whom he had a daughter Lucrezia Loredan (1446-1528), Lady of Antiparos.[8] Loredan brought new inhabitants to the island at his own expense and built the castle in 1440 which had a very specific and unique style of architecture.[9] The castle and the island remained in the ownership of the House of Loredan until 1480 when they were given as a dowry to Domenico Pisani, son of the Duke of Crete who had married Fiorenza, the daughter of the Duke of Naxos.[10]
Taddea Caterina Loredan, Duchess of the Archipelago, known as "a lady of wisdom and great talent",[11] was the wife of Francesco III Crispo, who was mentally ill and was known as the "Mad Duke".[11] Francesco attacked her in August of 1510; Taddea tried to escape from him, and she fled to the castle of her cousin Lucrezia Loredan, Lady of Ios and Therasia, where Francesco had followed her a day later and attacked her again, on the 17th of August 1510, now murdering her.[11] Their son John IV Crispo became the next Duke of the Archipelago in 1517, after a regency period during which he was still too young to rule. A 1908 book by historian William Miller titled "The Latins in the Levant, a History of Frankish Greece" indicates that the regent of the Duchy from 1511 to 1517 was Taddea's brother Antonio Loredan.[11]
Giovanni Francesco Loredan, born in 1607, was a writer and politician. He was born in Venice as the son of Lorenzo Loredan and Leonora Boldù.[15] When both of his parents died while he was very young, he was raised by his uncle Antonio Boldù and had as his teacher Antonio Colluraffi.[16][17] He divided his youth between hard study and an extravagant lifestyle.[18] He attended the classes of renowned Aristotelian philosopher Cesare Cremoni in Padua and began, before 1623, to gather around him the group of scholars who then formed the Accademia degli Incogniti, also called the Loredanian academy.[19] As founder of the Accademia degli Incogniti and a member of many other Academies, he had close contact with almost all the scholars of his time.[20] He and his circle played a decisive role in the creation of modern opera.[21][22] In addition to literary activity, he also took part in public affairs.[23] At twenty he was recorded in the Golden Book, but his career began quite late: in September 1632 he was elected Savio agli Ordini and in 1635 he was treasurer of the fortress of Palmanova. On his return in 1636 he reorganized the Accademia degli Incogniti and, in 1638, despite attempts to avoid it, he was obliged, as the only descendant of his branch, to contract marriage with Laura Valier.[24] He was then Provveditore ai Banchi (1640), Provveditore alle Pompe (1642), and in 1648 he made the leap to the rank of Avogador del Comùn that he held several times (1651, 1656 and 1657).[25] He subsequently joined the office of the State Inquisitors and became a member of the Council of Ten. In 1656 he entered the Minor Consiglio, that is, among the six patricians who, together with the doge, composed the Serenissima Signoria. However, he may then have been pushed out of office, as in the following years he no longer held important positions. In 1660 he was a Provveditore in Peschiera. The following year, on the 13th of August 1661, he died.[26]
Although most Venetian nobles usually came to Dalmatian cities on political or military duty, and stayed until the end of their term, branches of some Venetian noble families, such as the Loredans, the Venier, and the da Mosto families, settled in and around Zara.[27] A part of the Santa Maria branch of the Loredan family has been settled on the Dalmatian island of Ugljan (today part of Croatia) since the 18th century.[a] Descendants today still live on the island, as well as in London.
A document describing Antonio Loredan, Count and Captain of Zara, judging over a dispute over the cutting of a tree in the cemetery next to the church of St. Lawrence in Lukoran, Ugljan, on the 23rd of July, 1610.
Note:Giacomo Loredan (1396-1471) and Beatrice Marcello had several children,[28] although only Antonio Loredan and Luca Loredan are featured in this genealogical tree.
Note:Antonio Loredan (1420-1482) and Orsola Pisani had many children,[29] although only three sons (Giovanni, Marco, Jacopo) are featured in this genealogical tree.[30][31]
Note: Alvise Loredan (d. 1502) and Argentina Vincenzina Contarini had 10 children - 4 sons and 6 daughters, although only Alessandro, Lorenzo and Marco Loredan (1489-1557) are featured in the genealogical tree.[32]
^a: Although most Venetian nobles usually came to Dalmatian cities on political or military duty, and stayed until the end of their term, branches of some Venetian noble families, such as the Loredans, the Venier, and the da Mosto families, settled in and around Zara.[33]
^b: In the actual Venetian language, his name was Pie[t]ro Loredano; in contemporary Greek sources, he is encountered as Πέτρος Λορδᾶς, Λαυρεδάνος, or Λορδάνο.
^Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Vol. 65. Rome: Levis-Lorenzetti.
^Honour, Hugh (1997). The Companion Guide to Venice. Companion Guides. p. 53. ISBN978-1-900639-24-8.
^Soranzo, Girolamo (1968). Bibliografia veneziana in aggiunta e continuazione del "Saggio" di E. A. Cicogna (in Italian). Bologna. p. 73.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Marshall Smith, C. (1927). The Seven Ages of Venice: A Romantic Rendering of Venetian History. Blackie & Son. p. 134.
Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: 1908.
Stahl, Alan M. (2009). "Michael of Rhodes: Mariner in Service to Venice". In Long, Pamela O. (ed.). The Book of Michael of Rhodes: A Fifteenth-Century Maritime Manuscript. Volume III: Studies. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN978-0-262-12308-2.
Brunacci, G. Vita di Giovan Francesco Loredan. Venice 1662.
Lupis, Antonio. Vita di Giovan Francesco Loredan Senator Veneto. Venice 1663.
Brocchi, V. L'accademia e la novella nel Seicento: Giovan Francesco Loredan, "Atti del R. Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere e arti", s. 7, IX (1897–98), pp. 284–311.
Ivanoff, N. Giovan Francesco Loredan e l'ambiente artistico a Venezia nel Seicento, "Ateneo veneto", III 1965, pp. 186–190.
Morini, A. Sous le signe de l'inconstance. La vie et l'oeuvre de Giovan Francesco Loredan (1606-1661), noble vénitien, fondateur de l'Académie des Incogniti, diss., Université de Paris IV, 1994.
Morini, A. Giovan Francesco Loredan: sémiologie d'une crise, "Revue des études italiennes", XLIII 1997, pp. 23–50.
Morini, A. Giovan Francesco Loredan (1606-1661): le retour à la bergerie, in: Soulèvements et ruptures: l'Italie en quête de sa révolution. Actes du Colloque du CSLI, a cura di B. Toppan, Nancy 1998, pp. 73–88.
Miato, M. L'Accademia degli Incogniti di Giovan Francesco Loredan. Venezia (1630-1661), Florence 1998.
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