Henichesk

Henichesk Генічеськ
City
Flag Coat of arms
Henichesk Location of Henichesk Show map of Kherson Oblast Henichesk Henichesk (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine
Coordinates: 46°10′N 34°48′E
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kherson Oblast
Raion	Henichesk Raion
Hromada	Henichesk urban hromada
Founded	1784
City status	1938
Area
• Total	7.04 km^2 (2.72 sq mi)
Elevation	16 m (52 ft)
Population  (2022)
• Total	18,889
Postal code	75500-75509
Area code	(+380) 5534
Vehicle registration	BT / 22
Website	www.genichesk.com.ua

Henichesk (Ukrainian: Генічеськ, IPA: [ɦeˈn⁽ʲ⁾i.t͡ʃesʲk]; Russian: Геническ, IPA: [ɡʲɪˈnʲit͡ɕɪsk]) is a port city along the Sea of Azov in Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative centre of Henichesk Raion. Since 9 November 2022, it has served as the temporary administrative centre of the Russian occupation administration in the region. Henichesk also hosts the administration of Henichesk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.^[1][2] In January 2022, Henichesk had an estimated population of 18,889.^[3]

As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city has been under Russian occupation. Following the 2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive, Henichesk became the de facto administrative centre of the oblast under Russian occupation.^[4][5][6][7]

History

In 1640 Evliya Çelebi mentioned a Chenishke fortress. The name Henichesk is derived from a Turkic root for "narrow" referring to a thin strip of Azov Sea nearby. In 1648 Guillaume de Beauplan described it: "is but two hundred paces over, and fordable in calm weather".^[8]

After the annexation of Crimean Khanate, Henichesk was founded as a fort by the Russian Empire in 1784^[9] and from 1812 was also known as Ust-Ozivske. It was a port and a trade center on the salt route that went from Crimea north to Ukraine and Russia. At the turn of the 20th century, it was the location of one of the largest flour mills in southern Ukraine.^[10]

During World War II, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Germans operated a prison in the town.^[11]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

See also: Southern Ukraine campaign

On 24 February 2022, Henichesk was seized by the Russian army as a result of the escalating Russo-Ukrainian War. During this process, an incident occurred where an old woman confronted Russian soldiers and said "Put sunflower seeds in your pockets so they grow on Ukraine soil when you die."^[12] The city was also the scene of the death of Vitalii Skakun, who died blowing up a bridge in an attempt to stop the Russian advance.^{[13][better source needed][14][15][16]}

On 18 April, Russian forces restored the monument of Lenin, which had been removed by the Ukrainian government as part of the country's decommunization process.^[17][18]

On 3 June, Volodymyr Zelenskyy decreed the creation of a military administration for the city.^[19]

On 9 November, separatist leader and deputy head of the military–civilian administration of Russian-occupied Kherson, Kirill Stremousov, died in a crash near Henichesk.^[20]

On 21 November, Ismail Abdullaiev and the Tavria TV channel that he directs relocated to Henichesk.^[21]

Geography

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Henichesk has a humid continental climate that closely borders on a semi-arid climate with cold winters and warm summers.

Climate data for Henichesk (1991–2020, extremes 1883–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	13.9 (57.0)	18.3 (64.9)	22.4 (72.3)	30.0 (86.0)	31.8 (89.2)	35.3 (95.5)	38.3 (100.9)	38.7 (101.7)	36.8 (98.2)	29.2 (84.6)	23.6 (74.5)	17.8 (64.0)	38.7 (101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	1.7 (35.1)	2.7 (36.9)	7.5 (45.5)	14.1 (57.4)	21.3 (70.3)	26.4 (79.5)	29.3 (84.7)	28.8 (83.8)	22.7 (72.9)	15.5 (59.9)	8.5 (47.3)	3.7 (38.7)	15.2 (59.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−1.0 (30.2)	−0.4 (31.3)	3.9 (39.0)	10.2 (50.4)	17.0 (62.6)	21.8 (71.2)	24.4 (75.9)	23.8 (74.8)	18.2 (64.8)	11.7 (53.1)	5.6 (42.1)	1.0 (33.8)	11.4 (52.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−3.2 (26.2)	−2.9 (26.8)	1.2 (34.2)	6.8 (44.2)	12.9 (55.2)	17.3 (63.1)	19.5 (67.1)	19.0 (66.2)	14.0 (57.2)	8.4 (47.1)	3.1 (37.6)	−1.2 (29.8)	7.9 (46.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−30.3 (−22.5)	−28.0 (−18.4)	−18.4 (−1.1)	−9.0 (15.8)	−2.2 (28.0)	0.2 (32.4)	8.4 (47.1)	6.0 (42.8)	−5.4 (22.3)	−12.2 (10.0)	−20.8 (−5.4)	−22.1 (−7.8)	−30.3 (−22.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	32.5 (1.28)	31.7 (1.25)	34.0 (1.34)	31.7 (1.25)	32.2 (1.27)	40.2 (1.58)	29.2 (1.15)	35.9 (1.41)	30.1 (1.19)	30.3 (1.19)	36.7 (1.44)	38.0 (1.50)	402.5 (15.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	6.9	6.3	7.2	5.8	5.4	5.7	3.8	3.4	4.3	5.1	6.5	6.9	67.3
Average relative humidity (%)	88.3	86.1	83.0	77.2	71.6	69.4	65.6	65.9	72.5	79.7	86.8	88.7	74.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours	46.5	77.0	130.2	208.5	308.5	306.0	311.6	310.0	232.5	161.2	55.5	43.4	2,190.8
Source 1: Pogoda.ru[22] ncei.noaa.gov (humidity and precipitation 1981–2010),[23]
Source 2: Climatebase.ru (sun 1891–2005)[24]

Demographics

Ethnic makeup of the town according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:^[25]

Ethnic groups in Henichesk percent Ukrainians   69.50% Russians   26.12% Tatars   1.47% Belarusians   0.49% Armenians   0.29% Moldovans   0.14% Jews   0.11%

Distribution by native language:^[26]

Native languages in Henichesk percent Russian   69.0% Ukrainian   29.4% Others   1.5%

Notable people

• Yosyp Abramovych Daits (1897–1954), Ukrainian artist^[27]
• Iuliia Mendel, Ukrainian journalist^[28]

Gallery

• 
  Train station
• 
  House of culture
• 
  1860s map of Henichesk Strait

See also

• List of cities in Ukraine

References

1. "Погиб замглавы Херсонской области Кирилл Стремоусов". РБК (in Russian). 9 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
2. "Геническая городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
3. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
4. "Occupation 'government' of Kherson region announces temporary relocation of regional capital to Henichesk". Novaya Gazeta Europe. November 12, 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
5. "Ukraine carries out 'stabilisation' of Kherson after night of jubilation". The Guardian. 12 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
6. "Временной столицей аннексированной Херсонской области объявили Геническ". Meduza (in Russian). 12 November 2022.
7. "Херсонские власти опровергли перенос столицы в Геническ". РБК (in Russian). 12 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
8. de Beauplan, Guillaume. "Diasporiana Електронна бібліотека | A Description of Ukraine by Guillaume le Vasseur Sieur de Beauplan" (PDF). diasporiana.org.ua. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
9. "The First Annexation of Crimea 1784 : Crimea". www.crimeahistory.org. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
10. "Entry Display Web Page".
11. "Gefängnis Henices'k". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
12. "Ukrainian woman to Russian soldier: 'Put sunflower seeds in your pocket so they grow when you die'". News Room Guyana. 2022-02-25. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
13. Jackson, Jon (25 February 2022). ""Heroic" Ukrainian soldier blows up bridge, himself to halt Russia advances". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
14. "Ukrainian woman offers seeds to Russian soldiers so 'sunflowers grow when they die' – video". The Guardian. 2022-02-25. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
15. "Brave Ukrainian woman tells Russian soldier: 'Put sunflower seeds in your pocket so they grow when you die'". sports.yahoo.com. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
16. "Ukrainian woman tells Russian soldier to put sunflower seeds pocket so they bloom". The Independent. 2022-02-25. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
17. "Friends no longer, Ukraine removes Russian statues and street names". Retrieved 14 August 2023.
18. "В оккупированном Геническе установили памятник Ленину"
19. "ЗЕЛЕНСЬКИЙ ПІДПИСАВ УКАЗ ПРО СТВОРЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ В ГЕНІЧЕСЬКУ". 5 канал (in Ukrainian). 2022-06-03. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
20. Tenisheva, Anastasia (2022-11-09). "Deputy Head of Russian-Occupied Kherson Region Dies in Car Crash". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
21. "В Херсонской области восстановлена работа российского телеканала "Таврия"" [The work of the Russian TV channel Tavria has been restored in the Kherson region]. Don 24 [ru] (in Russian). 2022-11-21. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
22. Погода и Климат – Климат Геническ [Weather and Climate – The Climate of Henichesk] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
23. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original (XLS) on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
24. "Genicesk, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1891–2005)". Climatebase. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
25. "Національний склад міст".
26. "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".
27. "Daits Yosyp Abramovych".
28. "Геничанка Юлия Мендель стала пресс-секретарем Президента Зеленского". genichesk.info (in Russian). 4 June 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.

External links

• Non-official city site