Hemicyoninae

"Dog bear" redirects here. For bear dogs, see Amphicyonidae.

Hemicyoninae Temporal range: Early Oligocene to Late Miocene 33.9–5.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Hemicyon sansaniensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	†Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
Tribes and genera
Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013 †Adelpharctos[1] †Cyonarctos[2] †Phoberogale[2] †Filholictis[2] †Cephalogale[2] Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995 †Plithocyon †Phoberocyon Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926 †Zaragocyon †Dinocyon †Hemicyon

Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae,^[2][1] often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: ἡμικυων hemi-kyōn)). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 28.6 million years. They are sometimes classified as a separate family.^[3]

Systematics

The hemicyonines consists of three tribes: the Cephalogalini, Phoberocyonini, and Hemicyonini. In the past the hemicyonines were evaluated into family level (Hemicyonidae).^[3] However the vast majority of papers and researchers that cover the evolution of bears often classified them as an extinct subfamily of ursids or stem-bears.^[4][5] The genus Agriotherium was once classified as a hemicyonine^[3] but recent work has shown the genus is a crown-ursid.^[6]

• Subfamily †Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
  • Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
    • †Adelpharctos de Bonis, 1971
      • †Adelpharctos ginsburgi de Bonis, 2011
      • †Adelpharctos mirus de Bonis, 1971
    • †Cyonarctos de Bonis, 2013
      • †Cyonarctos dessei de Bonis, 2013
    • †Phoberogale Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
      • †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
      • †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
      • †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
      • †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
    • †Filholictis de Bonis, 2013
      • †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
    • †Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862
      • †Cephalogale shareri Wang, et al., 2009
      • †Cephalogale gergoviensis Viret, 1929
      • †Cephalogale ginesticus Kuss, 1962
      • †Cephalogale geoffroyi Jourdan, 1862
  • Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    • †Plithocyon Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
      • †Plithocyon bruneti Ginsburg, 1980
      • †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
      • †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
    • †Phoberocyon Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon hispanicus Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
      • †Phoberocyon dehmi Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
      • †Phoberocyon youngi Xiang et al., 1986
      • †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
  • Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
    • †Zaragocyon Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
      • †Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    • †Dinocyon Jourdan, 1861
      • †Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick, 1926
      • †Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick, 1926
      • †Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan, 1861
    • †Hemicyon Lartet, 1851
      • †Hemicyon barbouri Colbert, 1941
      • †Hemicyon teilhardi Colbert, 1939
      • †Hemicyon grivensis Frick, 1926
      • †Hemicyon minor Dépéret, 1887
      • †Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet, 1851

References

1. L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos. 67 (2): 179–186. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
2. Louis De Bonis (2013). "Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862". Geodiversitas. 35 (4): 787–814. doi:10.5252/g2013n4a4. S2CID 131561629.
3. McKenna, M.C.; Bell, S. (1997). Classification of nammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231528535.
4. Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.
5. Jiangzuo, Qigao; Flynn, John J. (2020-06-26). "The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora". iScience. 23 (6): 101235. Bibcode:2020iSci...23j1235J. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101235. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 7303987. PMID 32559731.
6. Jiangzuo, Q.; Flynn, J. J.; Wang, S.; Hou, S.; Deng, T. (2023). "New fossil giant panda relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): a basal lineage of gigantic Mio-Pliocene cursorial carnivores". American Museum Novitates (3996): 1–71. doi:10.1206/3996.1. hdl:2246/7315. S2CID 257508340.