Helicoidea

Helicoidea
Helix pomatia, the Roman snail
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Helicoidei
Superfamily:	Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Families
See text.

Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.

Taxonomy

2017 taxonomy and latest developments^[1][2][3][4]

The Bouchet et al. 2017^[1] nomenclator provides an up to date system of Helicoidea. The system is in some parts preliminary, as the authors relied on unpublished (as of 2023) phylogenomic study, which did not include all New World taxa. They classified Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae and Xanthonychidae (provisionally also Lysinoidae and Echinichidae) as subfamilies of the last taxon, because there are no deep splits between them in the cited unpublished study (see also Koene & Schulenburg 2005^[5]).

Cepolidae, Labyrinthidae and Thysanophoridae constitute the sister group of the remaining Helicoidea.^[1]

• Cepolidae Ihering, 1909
• Labyrinthidae Borrero, Sei, Robinson & Rosenberg, 2017
• Thysanophoridae Pilsbry, 1926
• Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895
• Polygyridae Pilsbry, 1895
• Helicidae Rafinesque, 1815
• Elonidae Gittenberger, 1977
• Trissexodontidae H. Nordsieck, 1987
• Helicodontidae Kobelt, 1904
• Sphincterochilidae Zilch, 1960
• Geomitridae C. Boettger, 1909
• Canariellidae Schileyko, 1991
• Hygromiidae Tryon, 1866
• Pleurodontidae Ihering, 1912
• Trichodiscinidae H. Nordsieck, 1987
• Xanthonychidae Strebel & Pfeffer, 1879
  • Echinichinae F. G. Thompson & Naranjo-Garcia, 2012
  • Lysinoinae Hoffmann, 1928
  • Monadeniinae H. Nordsieck, 1987
  • Humboldtianinae Pilsbry, 1939
  • Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939
  • Epiphragmophorinae Hoffmann, 1928
  • Xanthonychinae Strebel & Pfeffer, 1879

2015 taxonomy

Razkin et al. (2015)^[6] reorganized classification into monophyletic taxa according to the molecular phylogeny. This study is focus on Western Palaearctic species. The Hygromiidae s.l. family was divided into three families, Canariellidae, Geomitridae and Hygromiidae. Moreover, the family Cochlicellidae was including within the Geomitridae family as a tribe (Cochlicellini).

The classification proposed for Western Palaearctic Helicoidea is as follows:

• Bradybaeninae, subfamily of Camaenidae
• Camaenidae
• Canariellidae
• Elonidae
• Geomitridae
  • Geomitrinae
    • Cochlicellini
    • Geomitrini
    • Plentuisini
    • Ponentinini
  • Helicellinae
    • Cernuellini
    • Helicellini
    • Trochoideini
• Helicodontidae
• Helicidae
  • Ariantinae
  • Helicinae
    • Allognathini
    • Helicini
    • Otalini
    • Thebini
  • Murellinae
• Humboldtianidae
• Hygromiidae
  • Ciliellinae
  • Hygromiinae
  • Leptaxinae
• Sphincterochilidae
• Trissexodontidae
  • Gittenbergeriinae
  • Trissexodontinae

2012 taxonomy

Thompson & Naranjo-García (2012) described a new family Echinichidae and placed it to the superfamily Xanthonychoidea.^[7] Therefore, the family Xanthonychidae was moved from Helicoidea to Xanthonychoidea.

2005 taxonomy

There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.^[8][9]

• Helicidae
• Bradybaenidae
• Camaenidae
• Cepolidae
• Cochlicellidae
• Elonidae
• Epiphragmophoridae
• Halolimnohelicidae
• Helicodontidae
• Helminthoglyptidae
• Humboldtianidae
• Hygromiidae
• Monadeniidae
• Pleurodontidae
• Polygyridae
• Sphincterochilidae
• Thysanophoridae
• Trissexodontidae
• Xanthonychidae

According to H. Nordsieck^[10] the family Xanthonychidae (sensu Hausdorf & Bouchet) is probably polyphyletic (contains several different lineages) and therefore should be divided into several families.

References

1. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Kaim, Andrzej; Kano, Yasunori; Nützel, Alexander; Parkhaev, Pavel; Schrödl, Michael; Strong, Ellen E. (2017). "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families". Malacologia. 61 (1–2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. ISSN 0076-2997.
2. Sei, Makiri; Robinson, David G; Geneva, Anthony J; Rosenberg, Gary (23 November 2017). "Doubled helix: Sagdoidea is the overlooked sister group of Helicoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 122 (4): 697–728. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blx082. ISSN 0024-4066.
3. "A New Species of the Genus Bunnya H. B. Baker, 1942 (Helicoidea) from MÉXico". Malacologia. 62 (2): 237. 29 March 2019. doi:10.4002/040.062.0204. ISSN 0076-2997.
4. Saadi, Ahmed J.; Wade, Christopher M. (2019). "Resolving the basal divisions in the stylommatophoran land snails and slugs with special emphasis on the position of the Scolodontidae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 139: 106529. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106529.
5. Koene, Joris M; Schulenburg, Hinrich (2005). "Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 5 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-25. PMC 1080126. PMID 15799778.
6. Razkin O., Gómez-Moliner B. J., Prieto C. E., Martínez-Ortí A., Arrébola J. R., Chueca L. J. & Madeira M. J. (2015). "Molecular phylogeny of the western Palearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83: 99–117. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.014.
7. Thompson F. G. & Naranjo-García E. (2012). "Echinichidae, a new family of dart-bearing helicoid slugs from Mexico, with the description of a new genus and three new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Xanthonychoidea)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 141(2): 197–208. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/197-208. preview.
8. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
9. Poppe G. T. & Tagaro S. P. (2006). "The new classification of Gastropods according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005". Visaya, février 2006: 10 pp. PDF Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
10. Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyses of their phylogeny (by Hartmut Nordsieck) Archived 29 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine