Hatula

Hatula

Hatula
Hatula is located in Israel
Hatula
Location within Israel
31°49′32″N 34°59′15″E / 31.825556°N 34.9875°E / 31.825556; 34.9875
Typesemi-circular dwelling
PeriodsPPNA
CulturesNatufian, Khiamian
RegionIsrael
Site notes
Excavation dates1981-1990
ArchaeologistsMonique Lechevallier, Avraham Ronen
ConditionRuins

Hatula is an early Neolithic archeological site in the Judean hills south of Latrun, beside Nahshon Stream [he], in Israel, 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Jerusalem.[1] The site is 15 metres (49 ft) above the riverbed on a rocky slope in an alluvial valley. Excavations revealed three levels of occupation in the Natufian, Khiamian and PPNA (Sultanian).[2]

The site was excavated in eight seasons between 1981 and 1990 by Monique Lechevallier of the CNRS and Avraham Ronen from the University of Haifa. They unearthed a semi-circular dwelling with burial in the latest period. The site was suggested to have been a hunting station for flocks of gazelle.[2] Radiocarbon dates for the site suggest habitation between 10150 and 9320 BC by semi-sedentary groups.[2] Evidence suggested domesticated dogs were present at the site.[2][3] Study of the lithic industry suggested the Khiamian was an adaptation of the Natufian in the area. Evidence of an accomplished bone industry were found but no signs of any grinding tools, art objects or building materials in the earliest two levels indicating a short term settlement pattern.[2]

Archeaobotanical samples were taken from the Khiamian and Sultanian periods for phytolith analysis. This gave evidence of wheat at the site, along with an unidentified grass whose seeds were possibly a food source, both of which suggested that cereals may have been part of the Natufian economy in Hatula. Changes in morphology of cells from husks of the grasses suggest a larger seed content, possibly due to increased exploitation, in the Sultanian.[4]

References

  1. ^ Ronen, A. Lechevallier, M., The Natufian and Early Neolithic site Hatula, near Latrun, Israel, Quartär, 35/36, pp. 141-164, 24, 1985.
  2. ^ a b c d e Maisels, Charles Keith (2001). Early Civilizations of the Old World: The Formative Histories of Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, India and China. Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-415-10976-5.
  3. ^ Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Valla, François Raymond (1991). The Natufian culture in the Levant. International Monographs in Prehistory. p. 157. ISBN 1-879621-03-7.
  4. ^ Pearsall, Deborah M.; Piperno, Dolores R. (January 1993). Current Research in Phytolith Analysis. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-931707-02-2. Retrieved 8 July 2011.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.