Haplogroup F (mtDNA)
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see
Haplogroup F-M89 .
Haplogroup F Possible time of origin 43,400 YBP[ 1] Possible place of origin Asia Ancestor R9 Descendants F1, F2, F3, F4 Defining mutations 249d, 6392, 10310[ 2]
Haplogroup F is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is most common in East Asia and Southeast Asia . It has not been found among Native Americans .[ 3]
It is a primary branch of haplogroup R9 .
Distribution
The F haplogroup is fairly common in East Asia . High frequencies of the clade are found among the Lahu from Yunnan (33% - 77%, average 52%), Nicobar Islands (50%), Shors from Kemerovo Oblast of Siberia (41%), and Arunachal Pradesh , India (31%).[ 4] Taiwanese aborigines , Khakas , Kets , Han Chinese (and, thus, nearly all of China), Lombok , Sumba , Thailand , and Vietnam . Its distribution extends with low frequency to the Tharu of southern Nepal and the Bashkirs of the southern Urals .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
Haplogroup F also occurs at low frequencies on the Comoros Islands (<10%).[ 8] Hvar island in Croatia (8.3%).
Subclades
F1a clearly predominates among the representatives of haplogroup F in Southeast Asia , but subclades of this haplogroup have been found in populations as far north as the Buryats and Ulchi of Siberia.
F1b tends to become more frequent as a fraction of total F in populations of the northern parts of East Asia and Central Asia , such as Mongols , Kazakhs , Uyghurs , and Japanese . It also has been found among the Yi people . There are odd exclaves of F1b in Gaininsk Bashkirs of Perm Oblast and Croats of Hvar Island .[ 5] [ 9]
F1d is the second most frequent sub-clade in Newar (Nepal). Haplogroup F1d reaches the greatest proportion in Newar (11.97%) of Nepal and Kshatriya (16%) of North India.[ 10]
F2 has been found mainly in the form of F2a, which has been observed in more than 10% of a couple samples of Nu and Lisu from Gongshan , Yunnan .[ 11] Southwest China , Guangxi , and Hainan , including the Han majority population. Outside of southwestern China, F2 has been found with frequency greater than 5% in a sample of Oirat Mongols from Xinjiang and a sample of Khakas from Khakassia , with the former population boasting particularly high diversity within this clade.
F3 is especially common among Austronesian peoples of Taiwan and the Malay Archipelago , but it also has been found in many populations of Southwest China and South-Central China , and in a sample of Hans from Xinjiang .
F4 has been found mainly in aboriginal populations of Taiwan and Hainan , with some representatives among samples of Filipinos from Luzon , Indonesians from Sumatra , and Hans and Uzbeks from Xinjiang .
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup F subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation [ 2]
F
F* – China, Korea[ 12] F1
F1a'c'f – Thailand (Kaleun in Nakhon Phanom Province[ 13] [ 12] F1a – China, Korea,[ 12] [ 14] F1a1'4 – Thailand (Khon Mueang in Chiang Rai Province[ 13] Wuxi , Majiabang culture )
F1a1 – Japan, Korea,[ 12] Cờ Lao ), Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico
F1a1a – Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (Zhanjiang, etc. ), Tibet, Indonesia
F1a1a1 – Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Nicobar Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Uyghur
F1a1b – Japan, Korea
F1a1c – Zhuang (Bama), Thailand, Tibet, Buryats (Inner Mongolia and Irkutsk Oblast), Japan
F1a1c1 – Moken
F1a1c2 – Japan, Xibo, China (Shanghai)
F1a1d – Thailand, China, Taiwan (Tsou, Bunun, Rukai), Philippines
F1a1d1 – Tao (Orchid Island)
F1a4
F1a4a – Thailand, Han Chinese (Denver), Ulchi
F1a4a1 – Taiwan (Tsou, Makatao, Bunun, Ami, etc. ), Philippines (Ivatan, Ibaloi, Abaknon, Bugkalot , Kalangoya, Dulag, etc. ), Guam, Malaysia (Kelantan Malay ), Sumatra, Vietnam (Dao ), Thailand (Khon Mueang in Mae Hong Son Province and Chiang Mai Province[ 13]
F1a4b – China
F1a2 – Thailand, Vietnam (Hmong), China (Guizhou)
F1a2a – Thailand (Phutai in Sakon Nakhon Province, Nyaw in Nakhon Phanom Province, Mon in Lopburi Province[ 13] Dong , etc. )
F1a3 – Thailand, Uyghur
F1c – Japan
F1c1 – Japan
F1c1a – Korea, Xinjiang, Tibet, Jammu and Kashmir, Thailand (Palaung in Chiang Mai Province, Khmu in Nan Province, Khon Mueang in Lampang Province[ 13] F1c1a1 – Russia, China (Qingdao, etc. ), Evenk (New Barag Left Banner), Oroqen , Zhuang (Bama), Taiwan (Minnan)
F1c1a1a – Tibet (Shannan, Sherpa, etc. ), Yi
F1c1a1b – China
F1c1a2 – Tibet, Thailand, China (Chongqing), India
F1f – Thailand, China, Lahu , Myanmar, Tibet, Cambodia, Vietnam (Hmong) F1-T16189C!
F1b - Korea,[ 12] [ 14] F1b1 – China, Tibet (Shigatse, etc. ), Ladakh, Uyghur (Artux, etc. ), Kyrgyz, Azeri, Kurd (Iran), Armenian, Turkey, Russia, Croatia
F1b1a – Japan, Korea, Uyghur
F1b1a1 – Japan, Korea
F1b1a1a – Japan, Korea, USA (African American)[ 15] F1b1a1a1 – Japan, Korea
F1b1a1a2 – Japan, Korea
F1b1a1a3 – Japan
F1b1a2 – Japan, Korea
F1b1b – Yakut, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Turk, Even (Sakkyryyr , Tompo ), Korea
F1b1c – China, Yi , Buryat
F1b1d – Japan, Korea
F1b1e – Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Buryat, Oroqen, Russian (Sverdlovsk Oblast )
F1b1f – China, Uyghur, Buryat (Buryat Republic ), Yakut (Namsky District ), Evenk (Stony Tunguska River basin), Hungary (ancient Avars )
F1d – China (Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing, Liaoning, Korean from Antu County , Hezhen), Taiwan (Minnan, etc. ), Tibet (Lhasa, etc. ), Thailand (Mon in Kanchanaburi Province[ 13] F1d1 – Tibet, Nepal (Tharu), Newar of Nepal (12%),[ 10] Mon in Kanchanaburi Province[ 13]
F1e
F1e1 – China (North China), Mongolia
F1e2 – China, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan)
F1e3 – China (Guangdong, etc. ), Laos (Lao in Vientiane[ 13] Phuan in Lopburi Province and Phichit Province[ 13]
F1g – Tibet, Thailand (Phuan in Lopburi Province, Sukhothai Province, and Phichit Province[ 13] F1g1 – China (Yunnan, etc. ), Vietnam (Hmong, Dao ), Nepal (Newar, 2.4%)[ 10] F2
F2* – Laos (Lao in Vientiane[ 13]
F2a'b'g
F2a – China (Han from Beijing, Xinjiang, etc. ), Taiwan (Makatao), Korea,[ 12] F2a1 – China (Han from Shandong), Naxi , Bai , Nu , Tu (Monguor ),[ 16] Yi , Tibetan
F2a2 – China (Han from Zhanjiang, etc. ), Miao (Guizhou), Kinh (Guangxi), Dai and Lisu (Yunnan)[ 16]
F2a3 – China (Han from Xinjiang, Yunnan, Qinghai, and Shandong), Tu, Hui, Mongols in Inner Mongolia[ 16]
F2b – China (Han from Qingdao), Taiwan (Hakka)
F2b1 – Thailand (Lao Isan in Roi Et Province and Chaiyaphum Province, Khon Mueang in Lampang Province[ 13] etc. ), Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast), Yakut, Even (NE Sakha Republic),[ 17] [ 17] [ 10]
F2g – China, Ladakh
F2c – China
F2c1 – China (Shantou, etc. ), Japan
F2c2 – China (Han from Beijing), Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz)
F2d – China, Uyghur, Thailand (Khon Mueang in Chiang Mai Province and Lamphun Province[ 13]
F2e – China, Thailand (Tai Yuan in Uttaradit Province, Phuan in Phrae Province and Lopburi Province, Khon Mueang in Chiang Mai Province[ 13] Dao )
F2e1 – China, Barghut (Hulun Buir)
F2f – Japan, Korea, China, Pakistan (Hazara ), Azerbaijan (Astara),[citation needed Bashkortostan (Bashkir ), Poland
F2h'i – China
F2h – China, Tibet (Lhasa), Taiwan, Thailand (Tai Dam in Kanchanaburi Province[ 13]
F2i – China, Taiwan (Makatao), Korea F3 (formerly R9a)
F3a – China (Han from Ili, etc. ), Uyghur, Thailand
F3a1 – China (Han from Yunnan, Guizhou, Shantou, Lanzhou ,[ 18] etc. ), Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Taiwan (Hakka, etc. ), Thailand (Phuan in Suphan Buri Province, Shan in Mae Hong Son Province, Khon Mueang in Chiang Rai Province, Mae Hong Son Province, Chiang Mai Province, Lamphun Province, and Lampang Province[ 13] Hmong , Dao )
F3b – Thailand, Japan, Korea,[ 12] Yi
F3b1 – Philippines, Comoros (Comorian from Grande Comore), USA
F3b1a – Taiwan (Rukai, Puyuma, Paiwan, Tsou, Makatao, Bunun, Ami, etc. ), Philippines (Maranao )
F3b1a1 – Philippines (Bugkalot), Indonesia
F3b1a2 – Taiwan (Puyuma, Bunun, Paiwan, etc. )
F3b1b – Madagascar, Sumatra, Philippines (Batak from Palawan Island)
F3b1b1 – Philippines (Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Ifugao), Spain, Denmark F4
F4a – Thailand/Laos, China, Taiwan, Korea[ 12] F4a1
F4a2 – China, Laos (Lao in Vientiane and Luang Prabang[ 13] Phuan in Lopburi Province, Nyah Kur in Chaiyaphum Province, Khon Mueang in Lamphun Province[ 13]
F4b – China (Han from Beijing), Thailand (Khon Mueang in Mae Hong Son Province, Lao Isan in Roi Et Province[ 13] F4b1 – China, Taiwan (Atayal, Bunun, Saisiyat, Thao, Tsou, Ami, Makatao, etc. ), Philippines, Madagascar
Table of frequencies by ethnic group
Population
Frequency
Count
Source
Subtypes
Lahu (Lancang , Yunnan )0.771
35
[ 11] F1a=18, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=9
Senoi (Malaysia )0.442
52
[ 19] F1a1a=23
Tujia (Yongshun , Hunan )0.433
30
[ 11] F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=6, F1a=4, F1c=2, F1b=1
Shor (Kemerovo )0.415
82
[ 4] F1=33, F2a=1
Lahu (Simao , Yunnan )0.344
32
[ 11] F1a=10, F2a=1
Lahu (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.333
15
[ 11] F1a=3, F1b=1, F1c=1
Pan Yao (Tianlin , Guangxi )0.313
32
[ 20] F3=2, F1b=2, F1a1a=2, F1a1(xF1a1a)=2, F1a(xF1a1)=1, F1c=1
Yi (Hezhang County , Guizhou )0.300
20
[citation needed F1b=4, F1a=2
Lingao (Hainan )0.290
31
[citation needed F(xF1, F2, F3, F4)=2, F2=2, F1(xF1a)=1, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F1a1a=1, F3=1, F4=1
Lowland Yao (Fuchuan , Guangxi )0.286
42
[ 20] F2a=4, F1a1(xF1a1a)=2, F1a(xF1a1)=2, F1b=1, F1c=1, F1(xF1a, F1b, F1c)=1, F3=1
Xiban Yao (Fangcheng , Guangxi )0.273
11
[ 20] F1b=1, F1a(xF1a1)=1, F(xF1, F2a, F3)=1
Lanten Yao (Tianlin , Guangxi )0.269
26
[ 20] F1a(xF1a1)=5, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F(xF1, F2a, F3)=1
Bai (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.263
19
[ 11] F1a=2, F1b=2, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=1
Huatou Yao (Fangcheng , Guangxi )0.263
19
[ 20] F1a1a=2, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F1a(xF1a1)=1, F(xF1, F2a, F3)=1
Vietnamese
0.262
42
[citation needed F1a=10, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2)=1
Taiwan (aborigines) 0.253
640
[citation needed F4=72, F3=54, F1a1(xF1a1a)=21, F1a(xF1a1)=14, F2=1
Bai (Dali , Yunnan )0.250
68
[ 11] F1a=6, F1c=4, F2a=4, F1b=2, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=1
Indonesian (Mataram , Lombok )
0.250
44
[ 19] F1a1a=4, F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=4, F1a3=1, F1a4=1, F(xF1a, F1b, F2, F3a, F3b, F4)=1
Uyghur (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.250
16
[ 21] F=4
Yi (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.250
16
[ 11] F1b=2, F1a=1, F2a=1
Khakassian (Khakassia )0.246
57
[ 4] F1=11, F2a=3
Naxi (Lijiang , Yunnan )0.244
45
[ 11] F1a=8, F1b=2, F2a=1
Bunu (Dahua & Tianlin , Guangxi )0.240
25
[ 20] F1b=2, F(xF1, F2a, F3)=1, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F1a1a=1, F3=1
Ket 0.237
38
[ 22] F=9
Han (Beijing )0.225
40
[citation needed F1a=4, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2)=3, F1b=2
Taiwanese (Taipei , Taiwan )0.220
91
[citation needed F=20
Han (Southwest China ; pool of 44 Sichuan, 34 Chongqing, 33 Yunnan, & 26 Guizhou)0.219
137
[citation needed F1a=15, F2=8, F3=7
Hani (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.212
33
[ 11] F1a=6, F1b=1
Tibetan (Shigatse , Tibet )0.207
29
[citation needed F1a=5, F1b=1
Tujia (Yanhe County , Guizhou )0.207
29
[citation needed F1a=2, F1c=1, F2a3=1, F2b=1, F(xF1, F2)=1
Bapai Yao (Liannan , Guangdong )0.200
35
[ 20] F1b=3, F3=2, F1a1a=1, F1a(xF1a1)=1
Indonesian (Waingapu , Sumba )
0.200
50
[ 19] F1a4=3, F1a3=2, F1a1a=2, F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=1, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F3b=1
Manchurian 0.200
40
[citation needed F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2)=3, F1a=2, F1b=2, F1c=1
Thai 0.200
40
[citation needed F1b=8
Li (Hainan )0.197
346
[citation needed F1a1(xF1a1a)=30, F2=20, F1(xF1a)=4, F1a(xF1a1)=4, F1a1a=3, F3=3, F4=3, F(xF1, F2, F3, F4)=1
Han (Xinjiang )0.191
47
[citation needed F1a=2, F3=2, F1b=1, F1c=1, F2a2=1, F2a3=1, F4=1
Thailand 0.190
105
[ 23] F1=18, F(xF1)=2
Lisu (Gongshan , Yunnan )0.189
37
[ 11] F2a=4, F1b=2, F1a=1
Han (southern California )0.187
390
[citation needed F=73
Oirat Mongol (Xinjiang )0.184
49
[citation needed F2(xF2a2, F2a3, F2b)=3, F1b=3, F1a=2, F2b=1
Dong (Tianzhu County, Guizhou )0.179
28
[citation needed F1a=4, F1b=1
Han (Taiwan )0.175
1117
[citation needed F=196
CHB (Han from Beijing Normal University )
0.174
121
[citation needed F=21
Jino (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.167
18
[ 11] F1a=2, F1b=1
Nu (Gongshan , Yunnan )0.167
30
[ 11] F2a=5
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.161
31
[citation needed F1a=3, F1(xF1a, F1b, F1c)=1, F(xF1, F2)=1
Nepal (Newar)
0.155
[ 10] F1c1a = 2.4%, F1d = 12%, F1g = 2.4%, F2b1 = 1.1%
CHD (Han from Denver )
0.151
73
[citation needed F=11
Filipino (Palawan )0.150
20
[citation needed F3b2=3
Indonesian (52 Pekanbaru , 42 Medan , 34 Bangka , 28 Palembang , & 24 Padang )
0.150
180
[ 19] F1a1a=9, F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=8, F1a5=3, F4=3, F1a3=2, F1a4=2
Kyrgyz (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.150
20
[ 21] F=3
Yi (Shuangbai , Yunnan )0.150
40
[ 11] F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=2, F1a=2, F1b=2
Mongolian (Ulan Bator )0.149
47
[citation needed F1a=3, F1b=3, F2a=1
Borneo (89 Banjarmasin & 68 Kota Kinabalu )0.146
157
[ 19] F3b=9, F(xF1a, F1b, F2, F3a, F3b, F4)=4, F1a3=3, F1a4=3, F1a1(xF1a1a)=2, F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=1, F1a1a=1
Indonesian (Bali )
0.146
82
[ 19] F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=5, F1a1(xF1a1a)=4, F1a1a=2, F(xF1a, F1b, F2, F3a, F3b, F4)=1
Hmong (Jishou , Hunan )0.146
103
[ 20] F1a1(xF1a1a)=4, F1a1a=3, F(xF1, F2a, F3)=3, F1a(xF1a1)=2, F1b=2, F3=1
Aini (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.140
50
[ 11] F1a=6, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=1
Indonesian (Ambon )
0.140
43
[ 19] F1a3=3, F1a4=2, F1a1a=1
Cun (Hainan )0.133
30
[citation needed F4=3, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1
Hui (Xinjiang )0.133
45
[citation needed F1b=2, F1c=2, F1a=1, F2a3=1
Batak (Palawan )0.129
31
[citation needed F1a3=3, F3b2=1
Yi (Luxi, Yunnan )0.129
31
[ 11] F1b=3, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=1
Mongolian (Khovd Province )
0.128
429
[ 14] F(xF1e1a)=7, F1=3, F1a=2, F1a1=4, F1a1a(xF1a1a1)=4, F1a2=2, F1b=2, F1b1(xF1b1b)=5, F2=1, F2a=14, F2b1=4, F4a=7
Guoshan Yao (Jianghua , Hunan )0.125
24
[ 20] F1a(xF1a1)=1, F1b=1, F3=1
Tu Yao (Hezhou , Guangxi )0.122
41
[ 20] F1a1a=4, F1a(xF1a1)=1
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.118
102
[citation needed F1a(xF1a1)=4, F1b=3, F2(xF2a, F2b)=2, F3a=2, F3(xF3a)=1
Tibetan (Nagchu , Tibet )0.114
35
[citation needed F=4
Tibetan (Lhasa , Tibet )0.114
44
[citation needed F1a=2, F2=2, F1b=1
Filipino (Luzon )0.113
177
[ 24] F1a3=6, F1a4=6, F3b=5, F4b=2, F1a1a=1
Indonesian (Alor )
0.111
45
[ 19] F1a4=3, F1a1a=1, F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=1
Indonesian (Sulawesi , incl. 89 Manado , 64 Toraja , 46 Ujung Padang , & 38 Palu )
0.110
237
[ 19] F1a4=12, F1a3=4, F1a(xF1a1, F1a3, F1a4, F1a5)=4, F1a1a=3, F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F1a5=1, F1b=1
Tujia (western Hunan )0.109
64
[ 11] F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=2, F1a=2, F1b=2, F1c=1
Cham (Bình Thuận , Vietnam )0.107
168
[ 25] F1a1a=10, F1(xF1a)=3, F1a(xF1a1)=3, F1a1(xF1a1a)=2
Tibetan (Shannan , Tibet )0.105
19
[citation needed F=2
Altai Kizhi (Altai Republic )
0.102
324
[ 26] F1=25, F2=8
Dingban Yao (Mengla , Yunnan )0.100
10
[ 20] F1a(xF1a1)=1
Filipino (Visayas )0.098
112
[ 24] F1a4=7, F1a3=3, F3b=1
Korean (South Korea )0.097
185
[citation needed F1a=8, F1b=8, F2(xF2a)=2
Korean (Seoul National University Hospital )
0.097
1365
[ 27] F=132
Filipino 0.094
64
[ 24] F1a3=3, F1a4=3
Mien (Shangsi , Guangxi )0.094
32
[ 20] F1a1(xF1a1a)=2, F1a1a=1
Tibetan (Tibet )0.093
216
[citation needed F1a=13, F1b=4, F2=3
Mongolian (Mongolia )
0.092
2420
[ 14] F1a=55, F1b=71, F1c=13, F1(xF1d, F1e1)=33, F2=44, F3a=2, F4a=7
CHS (Han from Hunan & Fujian )
0.091
55
[citation needed F=5
Altai (Altai Republic )
0.091
110
[ 28] F=10
Mongolian (Khentii Province )
0.091
132
[ 14] F1=1, F1a=3, F1b=5, F1c=2, F2b=1
Buryat 0.087
126
[citation needed F1b=6, F1a=3, F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2a)=2
Tofalar 0.087
46
[ 22] F1b=4
Uzbek (Xinjiang )0.086
58
[citation needed F2a3=2, F4=2, F1b=1
Tuvinian (Tuva )0.086
105
[ 4] F1=8, F2a=1
Korean (South Korea )
0.083
850
[ 29] F1a(xF1a3)=7, F1a1=17, F1b1=19, F1(xF1c, F1d)=11, F2=14, F3a=2, F4a1a=1
Japanese (Tōhoku )0.083
336
[citation needed F=28
Mongol (New Barag Left Banner )0.083
48
[citation needed F1a=2, F1c=1, F2a=1
Pumi (Ninglang , Yunnan )0.083
36
[ 11] F2a=2, F1b=1
Tibetan (Diqing , Yunnan )0.083
24
[ 11] F1a=1, F1b=1
Korean (South Korea )
0.080
593
[ 30] F=3, F1=7, F1ac=2, F1a=12, F1c=2, F1b=16, F2a=3
Korean (Ulsan )
0.079
1094
[ 31] F=86
Korean (northern China)0.078
51
[citation needed F(xF1a, F1b, F1c, F2)=1, F1a=1, F1b=1, F1c=1
Daur (Hulunbuir )
0.076
209
[ 32] F1a=2, F1a1(xF1a1a)=4, F1a1a1=1, F1b1(xF1b1b)=2, F1c1a=1, F2(xF2d)=5, F4a1b=1
JPT (Japanese from Tokyo )
0.076
118
[citation needed F=9
Kazakh (Xinjiang )0.075
53
[citation needed F1b=3, F2(xF2a2, F2a3, F2b)=1
Chinese (Shenyang , Liaoning )0.075
160
[citation needed F=12
Danga (Hainan )0.075
40
[citation needed F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F2=1, F3=1
Japanese (northern Kyūshū )0.074
256
[citation needed F=19
Tibetan (Nyingchi , Tibet )0.074
54
[citation needed F1a=2, F1b=2
Mongolian (Sükhbaatar Province )
0.073
246
[ 14] F=1, F1a=5, F1b=8, F1c=3, F2i=1
Uyghur 0.073
55
[citation needed F1b=2, F1a=1, F1c=1
Filipino (Mindanao )0.071
70
[ 24] F3b=2, F1a4=2, F1a3=1
Korean (Seoul & Daejeon , South Korea )0.069
261
[citation needed F1=12, F(xF1)=6
Tibetan (Chamdo , Tibet )0.069
29
[citation needed F1a=2
Semelai (Malaysia )0.066
61
[ 19] F1a1a=4
Japanese (Hokkaidō )0.065
217
Asari 2007 F=14
Mongolian (Dornod Province )
0.065
370
[ 14] F1(xF1c, F1d)=6, F1a=7, F1b=7, F2=4
Wuzhou Yao (Fuchuan , Guangxi )0.065
31
[ 20] F1a1(xF1a1a)=1, F3=1
Korean (South Korea )0.064
203
[citation needed F=13
Mongolian (Ulan Bator )0.064
47
[ 4] F1=3
Uyghur (Xinjiang )0.064
47
[citation needed F1b=2, F1a=1
Bashkir (Beloretsky , Sterlibashevsky , Ilishevsky , & Perm )0.063
221
[ 5] F=14
Dungan (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.063
16
[ 21] F=1
Japanese (Miyazaki )0.060
100
[ 33] F1b=3, F1a=2, F2a=1
Kazakh (Zhetysu )
0.060
200
[ 34] F1=11, F2=1
Tharu (Chitwan , Nepal )0.060
133
[ 6] F1c=7, F1(xF1c, F1d)=1
Japanese (Gifu )0.059
1617
[ 35] F=96
Japanese (Tōkai )0.057
282
[citation needed F=16
Teleut (Kemerovo )0.057
53
[ 4] F1=3
Altai Kizhi 0.056
90
[ 4] F1=3, F2a=2
Kalmyk (Kalmykia )0.055
110
[ 4] F1=6
Tibetan (Shannan , Tibet )0.055
55
[citation needed F1a=2, F2=1
Tibetan (Qinghai )0.054
56
[ 11] F1c=2, F1a=1
Japanese 0.052
211
[ 36] F1b=9, F1a=2
Hmong (Wenshan , Yunnan )0.051
39
[ 20] F1b=1, F3=1
Kazakh (Kosh-Agach , Altai Republic )0.051
98
[ 37] F1=5
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.050
20
[ 21] F=1
Tharu (Morang , Nepal )0.050
40
[ 6] F1c=1, F1d=1
Turkmen (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.050
20
[ 21] F=1
Korean (South Korea )0.049
103
[ 4] F1=5
Oroqen (Oroqen Autonomous Banner )0.045
44
[citation needed F1b=2
Yakut 0.043
117
[citation needed F2a=3, F1b=2
Tuvan 0.042
95
[ 22] F(xF1b)=3, F1b=1
Kyrgyz (Talas )0.042
48
[citation needed F1a=1, F1b=1
Tibetan (Nyingchi , Tibet )0.042
24
[citation needed F=1
Khamnigan (Buryatia )0.040
99
[ 4] F1=4
Iu Mien (Mengla , Yunnan )0.037
27
[ 20] F(xF1, F2a, F3)=1
Kazakh 0.036
55
[citation needed F1b=2
Barghut (Hulunbuir )0.034
149
[ 37] F1=4, F2=1
Buryat (Buryatia )0.031
295
[ 4] F1=7, F2a=2
Ulch people
0.031
160
[citation needed
F1a=5
Tibetan (Zhongdian , Yunnan )0.029
35
[ 11] F2a=1
Kim Mun (Malipo , Yunnan )0.025
40
[ 20] F1a1(xF1a1a)=1
Uzbek (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.025
40
[ 21] F=1
Okinawa 0.025
326
[citation needed F=8
Evenk (New Barag Left Banner )0.021
47
[citation needed F1c=1
Ainu 0.020
51
[citation needed F1b=1
Evenk (53 Stony Tunguska basin & 18 Tugur-Chumikan )0.014
71
[ 22] F1b=1
Telenghit (Altai Republic )0.014
71
[ 4] F1=1
Tubalar 0.014
72
[ 22] F1b=1
Evenk (Krasnoyarsk )0.014
73
[ 4] F1=1
Ulchi (Old & New Bulava, Ulchsky , Khabarovsk )0.011
87
[ 22] F(xF1b)=1
Mansi 0.010
98
[ 22] F=1
Khanty 0.009
106
[ 7] F1=1
Chukchi (Anadyr )0.000
15
[ 4] -
Bukharan Arab (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.000
20
[ 21] -
Crimean Tatar (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.000
20
[ 21] -
Iranian (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.000
20
[ 21] -
Kazakh (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.000
20
[ 21] -
Tajik (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.000
20
[ 21] -
Hindu (Chitwan , Nepal )0.000
24
[ 6] -
Nganasan 0.000
24
[ 22] -
Buryat (Kushun, Nizhneudinsk , Irkutsk Oblast )0.000
25
[ 22] -
Kurd (northwestern Iran )0.000
25
[ 4] -
Andhra Pradesh (tribal )0.000
29
[ 6] -
Batek (Malaysia )0.000
29
[ 19] -
Mendriq (Malaysia )0.000
32
[ 19] -
Negidal 0.000
33
[ 22] -
Temuan (Malaysia )0.000
33
[ 19] -
Yakut (Yakutia )0.000
36
[ 4] -
Tibetan (Deqin , Yunnan )0.000
40
[ 11] -
Tajik (Tajikistan )0.000
44
[ 4] -
Daur (Evenk Autonomous Banner )0.000
45
[citation needed -
Evenk (Buryatia )0.000
45
[ 4] -
Udege (Gvasiugi, Imeni Lazo , Khabarovsk )0.000
46
[ 22] -
Itelmen 0.000
47
[ 22] -
Kyrgyz (Sary-Tash )0.000
47
[citation needed -
Korean (Arun Banner )0.000
48
[citation needed -
Jahai (Malaysia )0.000
51
[ 19] -
Nivkh (northern Sakhalin )0.000
56
[ 22] -
Mansi 0.000
63
[ 7] -
Chukchi 0.000
66
[citation needed -
Siberian Eskimo 0.000
79
[ 22] -
Persian (eastern Iran )0.000
82
[ 4] -
Koryak 0.000
155
[ 22] -
See also
References
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Sources
External links
