Hans-Georg von Friedeburg

Hans-Georg von Friedeburg Generaladmiral
From left to right: Major Wilhelm Oxenius (Colonel General Jodl's Adjutant), Colonel General Alfred Jodl, Chief of OKW Operation Staff (who signed the Instrument of Surrender on behalf of the OKW), General admiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, Commander-in-Chief of the German navy (OKM), Major General Kenneth W. D. Strong (standing), G-2, SHAEF. Location: Reims, France, American Headquarters
Commander of the Marine High Command
In office 1 May 1945 – 23 May 1945
Preceded by	Karl Dönitz
Succeeded by	Walter Warzecha
Personal details
Born	(1895-07-15)15 July 1895 Straßburg, Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire
Died	23 May 1945(1945-05-23) (aged 49) Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Allied-occupied Germany
Awards	Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross
Military service
Allegiance	German Empire  Weimar Republic  Nazi Germany
Branch/service	Imperial German Navy  Reichsmarine  Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1914–45
Rank	Generaladmiral
Commands	Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine U-27

Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the second-to-last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed forces to be present at the signing of the German instruments of surrender in Luneburg Heath on 4 May 1945, in Reims on 7 May and in Berlin on 8 May 1945. Von Friedeburg committed suicide shortly afterwards, upon the dissolution of the Flensburg Government.

Early life

Hans-Georg von Friedeburg was born in Strassburg in the German Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen), the son of Prussian officer Karl von Friedeburg (1862–1924).

Military career

On 1 April 1914 he joined the Imperial Navy as a Seekadett. After the outbreak of World War I, von Friedeburg, promoted to the rank of Fähnrich zur See (Officer Aspirant) served on the dreadnought Kronprinz and took part in the 1916 Battle of Jutland against the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. Elevated to Leutnant zur See, he joined the U-boat forces as naval officer on SM U-114 from June to November 1918.

A prominent German naval officer of the post-war period, he was appointed Deputy Commander of the German U-boat fleet in September 1941. Overseeing German U-boat training and deployment of the U-boat bases in France, he later organised U-boat picket lines in the mid-Atlantic to find and attack Allied convoys. Promoted to rear admiral in 1942, von Friedeburg assumed command of the German U-boat fleet in February of the following year. He was awarded the Ritterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuzes mit Schwertern on 17 January 1945. He succeeded Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine when Dönitz became Reich President upon Hitler's suicide (and per Hitler's last will), and was promoted to General admiral on 1 May 1945.

Montgomery (right) and von Friedeburg signing the German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, 4 May 1945

In early May 1945, von Friedeburg was ordered by Dönitz to negotiate the surrender to the Western Allied forces. Arriving at Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's headquarters in Lüneburg, Germany he was informed that an unconditional surrender to all Allied forces was necessary and not negotiable. Upon receiving permission from Dönitz, he signed an instrument of surrender of all German armed forces in the Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on 4 May 1945. On 7 May 1945, he was present at the first signing of the German Instrument of Surrender by General Alfred Jodl in Reims.

Friedeburg (right) witnessing the surrender being signed by Generaloberst Alfred Jodl with Major Wilhelm Oxenius to the left.

Von Friedeburg was in Berlin on 8 May 1945 for the second signing of the German Instrument of Surrender. He signed on behalf of the Kriegsmarine, along with Colonel General Hans-Jürgen Stumpff for the Luftwaffe and Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel for the Heer and OKW. Marshal Georgy Zhukov and Air Chief Marshal Arthur William Tedder signed for the Soviet Union and SHAEF respectively.

Death

On 23 May 1945, the same day that members of the Flensburg Government were arrested, von Friedeburg became a prisoner of war of the British Army in Plön, and committed suicide by swallowing poison. His body was buried at Adelby Cemetery near Flensburg.^[1]

Personal life

His son Ludwig von Friedeburg (1924–2010) became a sociologist and later a politician, serving from 1969 and 1974 as Minister for Culture in the state of Hesse.

Awards

Friedeburg's grave next to that of Wolfgang Lüth

• Iron Cross (1914)
  • 2nd Class
  • 1st Class
• Knight's Cross Second Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion with Swords
• Knight of the Order of St. John
• Cross of Honour
• Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 1st Class
• Spanish Cross in Silver with Swords
• Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class
  • 1st Class
• War Merit Cross with Swords
  • 2nd Class
  • 1st Class
• German Cross in Silver on 6 June 1942 as Kapitän zur See and 2nd admiral of the U-boats^[2]
• Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross (17 January 1945)

References

Citations

1. Borgert, p. 331
2. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 541.

Bibliography

• Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
• Borgert, Heinz-Ludwig (1998): Generaladmiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg. In: Gerd R. Ueberschär (ed.): Hitlers militärische Elite. 68 Lebensläufe. Frankfurt am Main: Primus Verlag, 2011 (second edition). ISBN 978-3-534-23980-1
• Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.

External links

• Hans-Georg von Friedeburg in the German National Library catalogue
• Hans-Georg von Friedeburg @ Geocities at the Wayback Machine (archived October 29, 2009)