Hagia Sophia, İznik

Hagia Sophia
Ἁγία Σοφία (Greek)
Ayasofya (Turkish)
A view of the Hagia Sophia of Nicaea after restoration in 2012.
Map
Locationİznik, Turkey
Type
MaterialRoman brick
Beginning date325; 1700 years ago (325)
Completion date1065; 960 years ago (1065)
Dedicated toThe Holy Wisdom, a reference to the second person of the Trinity, or Jesus Christ
WebsiteOfficial website

Hagia Sophia mosque (lit. 'the Holy Wisdom'; Ancient Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanizedHagía Sophía; Turkish: Ayasofya) in İznik (Nicaea) in Bursa Province, Turkey, was built as a Byzantine-era basilican church.[1] Converted into the Orhan Mosque (Turkish: Orhan Camii) after the Ottoman conquest, it was turned into a museum in 1935. The church is now once again in service as a mosque.[2] It is in the town centre of İznik, within the old walled area.

History

The first church built on the site was constructed in the 4th century.[1] The church was later rebuilt under the patronage of Emperor Justinian I in the mid-6th century.[3] In 787, it hosted the Second Council of Nicaea, which officially ended the first period of Byzantine Iconoclasm.[4][5] The Justinian-era church was destroyed by an earthquake in the 11th century and the present structure was erected around 1065 over the ruins of the older one.[1]

The Church of Hagia Sophia was converted into the Orhan Mosque following the fall of Nicaea to the Ottoman Turks led by Orhan Ghazi in 1331. It continued to operate as a mosque until 1935, when it was designated as a museum under the regime of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.[6] In November 2011 it was again converted into a mosque.[2]

Architecture

Remains of the Hagia Sophia in 1962 (photo by Paolo Monti)

The current basilican structure, much of which dates to the 1065 reconstruction of the church, consists of a central nave with two side aisles. Prior to its remodelling under the Ottomans, the church had two rows of triple arcades on columns that carried a clerestory wall with five windows.[7] Following the building's conversion to a mosque in the 14th century, it underwent renovations that included the addition of a mihrab. During the 16th-century reign of Süleyman the Magnificent, the church was restored after a disastrous fire and a minaret was constructed.[8] The architect Mimar Sinan was also commissioned around this time to design decorations to adorn the walls of the mosque.[1]

The restoration (or rebuilding) of such a historic church so that it could be reused as a mosque was - and remains - very controversial. The work was carried out between 2007 and 2011.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "İznik". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  2. ^ a b "The Church That Politics Turned Into a Mosque". International Herald Tribune. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2017 – via The New York Times.
  3. ^ Möllers, Sabine (1994). Die Hagia Sophia in Iznik, Nikaia. Alter: Verlag und Datenbank für Geisteswissenschaften.
  4. ^ "Hagia Sophia in Nicaea". The Byzantine Legacy.
  5. ^ Noble, Thomas F. X. (2012). Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  6. ^ "Hagia Sophia in İznik: Historical Church Turned Mosque". June 14, 2018.
  7. ^ Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, 4th edition, 1986, p365.
  8. ^ "Hagia Sophia, 'a mosque of conquest' in İznik". Hürriyet Daily News. 14 June 2018.
  9. ^ "Ayasofya Orhan Camiisindeki restorasyon sorunları ufak tefekmiş! haberi". Arkeolojik Haber. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-30.

40°25′46″N 29°43′13″E / 40.42944°N 29.72028°E / 40.42944; 29.72028

Read other articles:

Vicenta Rita de Aguilar Información personalNacimiento 23 de abril de 1716 Valencia (España) Fallecimiento 15 de abril de 1785 (68 años)Información profesionalOcupación Religiosa y escritora [editar datos en Wikidata] Vicenta Rita de Aguilar (Valencia, 23 de abril de 1716-15 de abril de 1785) fue una religiosa agustina del siglo XVIII que relató su vida en unos escritos.[1]​ Biografía Natural de Valencia, nació el 23 de abril de 1716, hija de Tomás Aguilar y Paula Mar...

 

Terremoto de Nepal de 1934 8,0 Mw[1]​ en potencia de Magnitud de Momento (MW) EpicentroEpicentro (Nepal)ParámetrosFecha y hora 15 de enero de 1934, 14:28 hora local (08:43 UTC)Profundidad 15 km[1]​Coordenadas del epicentro 27°33′N 87°05′E / 27.55, 87.09ConsecuenciasZonas afectadas  Nepal IndiaMercalli XIVíctimas 10.700 a 12.000[2]​[editar datos en Wikidata] El terremoto de Nepal de 1934 o terremoto de Bihar-Nepal de 1934 fue u...

 

Censo de los Estados Unidos de 2010 Información generalTipo de censo Población y viviendaLugar Estados UnidosFecha de realización 1 de abril de 2010Autoridad responsable Oficina del Censo de los Estados UnidosDatos de poblaciónPoblación 308 745 538 hab. ( 9.7 %)Región más poblada California (37 253 956 hab.)Región menos poblada Wyoming (563 626 hab.)Ciudad más poblada Nueva YorkCronología2000◄ Actual ►2020[editar datos en Wikidat...

School district in Florida, United States Orange County Public SchoolsRonald Blocker Educational Leadership Center, the district headquartersAddress445 West Amelia Street[1] Orlando, Florida, 32801-1129United StatesDistrict informationTypePublic school districtSuperintendentMaria F. VazquezDeputy superintendent(s)Michael Armbruster, Bridget WilliamsChair of the boardTeresa JacobsOther informationWebsitewww.ocps.net Orange County Public Schools (OCPS) is the public school district for ...

 

Olympische Ringe Nordische Kombination František Wende beim Springen der Nordischen Kombination im Rahmen der ersten Austragung bei den Olympischen Spielen 1924 in Chamonix Magnus Moan und Felix Gottwald im 10-km-Rennen nach dem Springen von der Normalschanze bei den Olympischen Spielen 2010 in Vancouver Die Nordische Kombination ist seit den Olympischen Winterspielen von 1924 in Chamonix im Programm der Olympischen Winterspiele. Eine Liste der Olympiasieger in der Nordischen Kombination bef...

 

Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft ◄ vorherige 2001 nächste ► Sieger: Tschechien Tschechien Die Arena Nürnberger Versicherung – Austragungsort der Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft 2001 Die Kölnarena – Austragungsort der Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft 2001 Die 65. Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaften im Jahre 2001 fanden an folgenden Orten und zu folgenden Zeiten statt: Weltmeisterschaft: 28. April bis 13. Mai in Köln, Hannover und Nürnberg (Deutschland) Division I, Gruppe A: 16. April bis 22. Apr...

Football tournament season 2020–21 Thai FA CupChang FA CupTournament detailsCountryThailandDates30 September 2020 – 11 April 2021Teams91Defending championsPortFinal positionsChampionsChiangrai United (3rd title)Runner-upChonburiTournament statisticsMatches played90Goals scored368 (4.09 per match)Scoring leader(s)Bill,Eliandro(8 goals)Best playerWorachit Kanitsribampen← 20192021–22 → The 2020–21 Thai FA Cup is the 27th season of a Thailand's kn...

 

Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined PengarangStephenie MeyerNegara Amerika SerikatBahasaInggrisSeriTwilightGenre Fiksi dewasa Fantasi Fiksi romantis, Fiksi vampir PenerbitLittle, Brown Books for Young Readers (Paperback)Tanggal terbit6 Oktober, 2015 (Hardcover)[1] 1 November, 2016 (Paperback)[2]Jenis mediaPrint, E-book, AudiobookHalaman442 (sampul keras) 400 (sampul lunak)ISBNISBN 9780316505451 Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined (ditulis juga life and death: TW...

 

Not to be confused with Secularism in the Philippines. Movement in the Philippines under Spanish colonial administration The Gomburza are lead figures of the secularization movement in its later years. The secularization movement in the Philippines under Spanish colonial administration from the 18th to late 19th century advocated for greater rights for native Filipino Roman Catholic clergymen. The movement had significant implications to Filipino nationalism and the Philippine Revolution. Bac...

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2016) مزين قرية سورية تتبع لناحية كنسبا في جبل الأكراد التابع لمدينة اللاذقية يبلغ تعداد سكانها حوالي 1000 نسمة، ت...

 

Smartphone Meizu MX2ManufacturerMeizuSeriesMeizu MX SeriesCompatible networksGSM, UMTS, HSPAFirst releasedNovember 27, 2012; 11 years ago (2012-11-27)PredecessorMeizu MXSuccessorMeizu MX3TypeTouchscreen smartphoneDimensions124.9 mm (4.92 in) H64.9 mm (2.56 in) W10.2 mm (0.40 in) DMass142 g (5.0 oz)Operating systemFlyme OS 2.0, based on Android 4.1.1 Jelly BeanSystem-on-chipSamsung Exynos 4412 QuadCPUQuad-core (4x1.6 GHz Cortex-A9)GPUMa...

 

Patrick Wolrige-GordonWolridge-Gordon in 1958Member of Parliamentfor East AberdeenshireIn office20 November 1958 – 8 February 1974Preceded byRobert BoothbySucceeded byDouglas Henderson Personal detailsBorn10 August 1935Ellon, AberdeenshireDied22 May 2002 (aged 66)Newburgh, AberdeenshireSpouseAnne Marie HowardChildren3Parent(s)Captain Robert Wolrige-Gordon, Joan WalterOccupationPolitician Patrick Wolrige-Gordon (10 August 1935 – 22 May 2002), was a Scottish Conservative and Unioni...

قرية بيت النميري  - قرية -  تقسيم إداري البلد  اليمن المحافظة محافظة المحويت المديرية مديرية ملحان العزلة عزلة باحش السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 402   • الذكور 207   • الإناث 195   • عدد الأسر 55   • عدد المساكن 31 معلومات أخرى التوقيت توقيت اليمن (+3 غريني...

 

British chemist (born 1941) Not to be confused with John Edward Walker. SirJohn WalkerFRS FMedSciWalker in 2018BornJohn Ernest Walker (1941-01-07) 7 January 1941 (age 82)[5]Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire, EnglandEducationRastrick Grammar SchoolAlma materUniversity of Oxford (BA, DPhil)Spouse Christina Westcott ​(m. 1963)​ChildrenTwoAwards EMBO Member (1984)[1] Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1997) Knight Bachelor (1999)[2] Copley...

 

Municipality in Southeast, BrazilDivino de São LourençoMunicipalityLocation in Espírito Santo stateDivino de São LourençoLocation in BrazilCoordinates: 20°37′12″S 41°41′9″W / 20.62000°S 41.68583°W / -20.62000; -41.68583CountryBrazilRegionSoutheastStateEspírito SantoEstablished30 December 1963Area • Total174 km2 (67 sq mi)Population (2015) • Total4,649 • Density27/km2 (69/sq mi)Time zoneUTC&#...

American microbiologist Jessica A. ScoffieldScoffield in 2015BornChattanooga, Tennessee, U.S.Alma materTuskegee UniversityAuburn UniversityKnown forMechanisms of commensal bacteria interference of pathogenic bacterial growth in oral cavity and lungsAwards2019 inaugural recipient of the American Association for Dental Research Procter and Gamble Underrepresented Faculty Research Fellowship, 2017 Most-esteemed Postdoc Award UABScientific careerFieldsMicrobiologyInstitutionsUniversity ...

 

2005 studio album by Hubert SumlinAbout Them ShoesStudio album by Hubert SumlinReleased2005GenreBluesLabelTone-CoolProducerRob Fraboni, Ben ElliottHubert Sumlin chronology Do the Don't(2003) About Them Shoes(2005) Midnight Memphis Sun(2010) About Them Shoes is an album by the American musician Hubert Sumlin, released in 2005.[1][2] It was delayed for four years due to litigation.[3] According to Sumlin, the album title was inspired by something Levon Helm said ...

 

Kryształy kinazy kreatynowej królika (obraz mikroskopowy) Model przestrzenny mięśniowej kinazy kreatynowej Kinaza kreatynowa (ang. creatine kinase, CK), kinaza fosfokreatynowa (ang. creatine phosphokinase, CPK), fosfokinaza kreatynowa (EC 2.7.3.2) – enzym wytwarzany przez różnorodne typy tkanek. Katalizuje odwracalną reakcję przenoszenia grupy fosforanowej z fosfokreatyny na ADP, regenerując ATP, albo z ATP na kreatynę, odbudowując zapasy fosfokreatyny. Jest enzymem kluczowy...

DosrohaDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenSamosirKecamatanSimanindoKode pos22395Kode Kemendagri12.17.01.2004 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Gapura selamat datang di dusun Sibabiat II, desa Dosroha Dosroha adalah salah satu desa yang berada di Kecamatan Simanindo, Kabupaten Samosir, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Pranala luar (Indonesia) Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Data Wil...

 

Patent kan verwijzen naar: Octrooi, de (tijdelijke) rechtsbescherming voor een uitvinding Diploma, een bewijs van een met goed gevolg afgelegd examen Rijnpatent, het vaarbevoegdheidsbewijs om met een schip op de Rijn te mogen varen soortgelijke patenten zijn er ook voor andere grote rivieren, zoals het Donaupatent Patenteren (warmtebehandeling), warmtebehandeling van walsdraad Patenttroll, kritische term voor kleine bedrijven die zelf een octrooipakket opbouwen of beheren voor een groot bedri...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!