HMAS Vampire was the third of three Australian-built Daring-classdestroyers serving in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of the first all-welded ships built in Australia, she was constructed at Cockatoo Island Dockyard between 1952 and 1959, and was commissioned into the RAN a day after completion.
The Royal Australian Navy initially ordered four Daring-classdestroyers, which were to be named after the ships of the "Scrap Iron Flotilla" of World War II. The ships were modified during construction: most changes were made to improve habitability, including the installation of air-conditioning.[3]Vampire and her sister ships were the first all-welded ships to be constructed in Australia.[4]
The Darings had a standard displacement of 2,800 tons, which increased to 3,600 tons at full load.[5]Vendetta and her sisters were 390 feet (120 m) long, with a beam of 43 feet (13 m), and a draught of 12 feet 9 inches (3.89 m) at mean, and 14 feet 6 inches (4.42 m) at full or deep load.[5] Her propulsion system consisted of two Foster Wheeler boilers, feeding two English Electric geared turbines, which provided 54,000 horsepower (40,000 kW) to two propeller shafts.[5]Vampire could sail at over 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), and had a range of 3,700 nautical miles (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).[5] Her standard ship's company consisted of 20 officers and 300 sailors.[5]
Armament
Vampire's main armament consisted of six 4.5-inch (114 mm) Mark V guns mounted in three Mark 6 twin turrets, two forward and one aft.[5][6][7] Her anti-aircraft outfit consisted of six 40 mm Bofors; two single mountings on the forward superstructure, and two twin mountings on the aft superstructure.[5] Four .50 cal (.50 in, 12.7 mm) Browning machine guns were carried for point defence.[6] Five 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted to a single Mark IV pentad mount on the deck between the forward and aft superstructures.[6] For anti-submarine warfare, a Limbo anti-submarine mortar was carried on the aft deck, offset to port.[5] The twin Bofors, torpedo launcher, and Limbo mortar were all removed during various refits.[8][9] A Sea Cat missile system was installed at some point during her career.[6]
Forward section of Vampire. The forward two 4.5-inch gun turrets are visible, and one of the single-mount Bofors is located near the left edge of the image.
Vampire was fitted with a Type 170 attack sonar, a Type 174 search sonar, and a Type 185 submarine detection sonar.[2] The original fire control directors were a Flyplane 3 and an MRS 8.[10] These were replaced during the 1970–71 refit with two M22 units.[10] The air warning radar was replaced with an LW-02 air search radar during the same refit, and an 8gr-301A surface search and navigation radar was installed.[8][10]
Construction
Vampire was laid down at Cockatoo Island Dockyard in Sydney, New South Wales on 1 July 1952.[11] The destroyer was launched on 27 October 1956 by the wife of the Governor-General, Sir William Slim.[12] She was completed on 22 June 1959, and commissioned into the RAN in Sydney a day later.[11] Between laying down and completion, the ship's cost increased from A£2.6 million to A£7 million.[4]
Operational history
1959–1970
After competing work-up trials and entering active service, Vampire underwent training exercises with ships of the RAN and Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) until early 1960.[11]Vampire was deployed to the Far East Strategic Reserve in March 1960, and sailed to Singapore after a brief visit to New Zealand.[11] She returned to Sydney in December, and was docked for refit until April 1961.[11] The destroyer was awarded the Gloucester Cup for 1960, recognising her as the most efficient ship in the RAN.[12] Following the refit, Vampire operated in Australian waters, including participation in the training exercise Tuckerbox in August, then returned to the Far East in September.[13] On 1 December 1961, a chief petty officer died aboard from illness.[14] The destroyer was in Hong Kong for Christmas, then in January 1962, visited Nha Trang and Saigon in South Vietnam with HMAS Quickmatch.[15]Vampire received the Gloucester Cup again for 1961.[13] the first months of 1962, the ship participated in training exercises in the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal, before returning to Australia on 7 April.[13]Vampire participated in Exercise Tuckerbox II during August and September, and was present at Fremantle, Western Australia during November for the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth.[13]
On 31 January 1963, Vampire departed for her third FESR deployment, which lasted until late July.[13] During this, the destroyer participated in South East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) Exercise Sea Serpent.[13] After returning to Sydney, Vampire was taken in hand by Garden Island Dockyard for refit, which concluded in February 1964.[13] During the docking, the ship was awarded the Gloucester Cup for 1963; the third time the award was granted to the ship.[13] After post-refit trials, Vampire sailed for her fourth Far East deployment in June, and was involved in Exercise Litgas shortly after reaching the region.[13] From October until January 1965, the ship was involved in the Commonwealth response to the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation; carrying out patrols around the Malay Peninsula to interdict vessels smuggling troops into Malaysia.[16] The destroyer remained in South East Asia until January 1965, and returned to Sydney on 12 February.[13]
After a short period of leave and self-maintenance, Vampire sailed again for the Far East in April, exercising with the French frigate Doudart de Lagree en route from Manus Island to Manila.[17]Vampire escorted the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne during SEATO Exercise Seahorse.[13] During early June, Vampire accompanied the troop transport HMAS Sydney for parts of the latter's first transport voyage to Vietnam.[18] The ship's fifth Far East deployment was concluded when she reached Sydney on 22 June.[13] On 20 December, the ashes of Vice Admiral Sir Hastings Harrington were scattered from Vampire off the coast of Sydney.[13]
Vampire was sent on her sixth Far East deployment in March 1966.[11][13] In late April, Vampire was temporarily withdrawn from Strategic Reserve service to escort Sydney on her third Vietnam voyage: the destroyer returned to Hong Kong on 9 May.[19] During late May and early June, Vampire participated in SEATO Exercise Sea Imp.[13] On 10 June 1966, Vampire collided with the Danish merchant ship Emilie Maersk on the Chao Phraya River; the destroyer received only minor damage, and was repaired in Singapore.[13] From July to August, the destroyer was assigned to Tawau to protect the region from Indonesian aggression during the Confrontation.[13] This primarily consisted of using her radar to detect approaching vessels and coordinate interception efforts, although Vampire was called on to provide fire support for Commonwealth land forces on two occasions.[16] The ship returned to Sydney on 13 August.[20]
On 4 January 1967, Vampire sailed for her seventh FESR tour.[20] The destroyer provided assistance to the grounded freighter Mata Thevi in February, and from April until May, accompanied Sydney on the latter's fifth and sixth troop transport voyages.[20][21] During the voyage back to Australia in late August and early September, Vampire made port visits in Indonesia; the first RAN ship to do so after the Confrontation's end.[20] On arrival in Sydney, the destroyer was docked for a six-month refit.[20] In July 1968, Vampire and other vessels of the RAN were involved in training exercises with the Royal New Zealand Navy.[20] The destroyer visited Indonesia again in September, then served as review ship during a ceremonial fleet entry into Sydney Harbour: for this role, several weapons, including one of the three 4.5-inch turrets, were temporarily removed.[20]
On 23 March 1969, Vampire returned to the Far East.[20] On 14 May 1969, the destroyer met Sydney off Singapore, and escorted the troopship to Vũng Tàu on the former aircraft carrier's fourteenth Vietnam voyage.[22] The destroyer returned to Australian waters in October.[20] On 16 April 1970, Vampire joined a fleet of 45 naval ships from 13 nations to perform a ceremonial entry into Sydney Harbour as part of the first Australian Bicentenary, celebrating the discovery and claiming of the east coast of Australia by James Cook.[23]
Refit (1970–1972)
In June 1970, Vampire was handed over to Williamstown Naval Dockyard for a $US10 million modernisation.[11] The modernisation consisted of over 2,000 upgrades and modifications.[10] The sensor suite, including fire control systems, air radar, and surface radar, was updated.[10] The destroyer's armament was refurbished, with the main gun turrets rebuilt and the Bofors reconditioned, although the torpedo pentad mount was removed.[10] The superstructure was rebuilt, with the primary aim to enclose the open bridge area, along with modernisation of the ship's galleys and installation of more air conditioning.[10][20] Redesigned masts and funnel cowlings were fitted.[20]Vampire reentered active service on 4 March 1972.[11]
1972–1986
In October 1972, Vampire was deployed to Singapore for four months as part of the ANZUK force: the first Daring-class destroyer assigned to the force.[20] She was temporarily withdrawn in November to accompany Sydney on her twenty-fifth and final voyage to Vũng Tàu.[24]Vampire returned to Sydney on 1 March 1973.[11] In April, the destroyer sailed to Apia, Samoa for the South Pacific Forum.[25] In September, the destroyer was part of a multinational training exercise off New Zealand, then returned to Sydney and was present for the opening of the Sydney Opera House on 20 October.[26]
Vampire began 1974 by participating in a joint Australia-Indonesia military exercise, before sailing to the Coral Sea in June to participate in Exercise Kangaroo I.[11] In September 1974, the ship entered Garden Island Dockyard for an eight-month refit.[11]
On 22 August 1975, Vampire, sister ship HMAS Vendetta, and the supply ship HMAS Supply were prepositioned in Darwin following tensions between Indonesia and the former Portuguese colony of East Timor (which cumulated in the Indonesian invasion in December).[11][27] The ships were to evacuate Australian citizens and Timorese refugees if needed, but this did not eventuate.[11][27] On 21 September, the destroyer left Darwin for a five-month Strategic Reserve deployment.[11] During her fifth deployment, which ended with her return to Sydney on 18 February 1976, Vampire joined training exercises with United States Navy ships in the China Sea, and visited sixteen ports in six countries for diplomatic and goodwill purposes.[11] On 31 May 1976, Vampire and the destroyer escort HMAS Stuart departed Sydney Harbour for the United States.[11] The two ships, along with the destroyer HMAS Hobart, visited ports along the west coast of the United States as the RAN representatives during the United States Bicentennial: Vampire visited Long Beach, California and Seattle, Washington.[28]Vampire returned to Sydney on 6 August, but departed seven days later to participate in exercises in South East Asia.[8]
During the visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip to Australia in March 1977, Vampire was assigned as the escort to HMY Britannia.[8]Vampire met Britannia on 11 March, and accompanied the royal yacht to Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Fremantle.[8] Between April and July 1977, Vampire was involved in two rescue missions and three fleet training exercises.[8] On 5 September, Vampire left Sydney as "part of the RAN contribution to Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee."[8] The destroyer returned on 18 October.[8] At the end of 1977, Vampire participated in Exercise Compass 77, held off Sri Lanka.[8] The destroyer was primarily involved in training exercises during 1978 and 1979.[8]
In April 1979, it was announced that Vampire would be converted into a training ship.[8] This refit was carried out from 21 January to 18 April 1980, and included the removal of the destroyer's M22 fire control radars, LW-02 air search radar, Limbo anti-submarine mortar, and twin Bofors mounts, and the installation of a training classroom where the Limbo previously resided.[8][29] Following the conversion, Vampire was assigned to the RAN training squadron, where she joined HMAS Jervis Bay.[8] On 13 May, Vampire and Jervis Bay were ordered to the Solomon Islands to observe the splashdown of China's first intercontinental ballistic missile test-firing.[30] The ICBM landed north-west of Fiji, and was observed by both the two Australian ships and a fleet of 18 warships from the People's Liberation Army Navy.[30] On 6 November 1980, the two ships joined the patrol boats Aware and Ardent to perform a ceremonial entry into Darwin as part of the city's Navy Week.[8]
Decommissioning and preservation
On 25 June 1986, Vampire left active service.[8] She was decommissioned on 13 August 1986, having spent 27 years in service, and travelled 808,026 nautical miles (1,496,464 km).[31] She was later presented to the Australian National Maritime Museum for preservation as a museum ship: on loan from 1990 to 1997, then transferred outright in 1997.[32]Vampire is the largest museum piece on display in Australia. In 1991 Vampire appeared in the children's television program The Girl From Tomorrow Part II: Tomorrow's End.[33] The ship is also used for training RAN divers in hull clearance.[33] In 1994, two disabled twin Bofors mounts were returned to the destroyer, replacing those removed in 1980.[9] On 9 April 1997, permission was granted for Vampire to fly the Australian White Ensign, despite not being a commissioned warship.[34]
The destroyer is towed to HMAS Kuttabul every five years for maintenance and cleaning.[33] During a docking in October 2006, rumours spread among RAN personnel that Vampire would be refitted and returned to active service.[31] During the same refit, a fire broke out in the ship's boiler room.[35] Nobody was injured, and no irreparable damage was caused.[35]
An overhaul of the RAN battle honours system completed in March 2009 saw Vampire retroactively honoured for her service in the Strategic Reserve between 1964 and 1966—the time of the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation.[36][37] Any future ships named HMAS Vampire will carry the battle honour "Malaysia 1964–66" in addition to the honours earned by the previous HMAS Vampire.[37]
In January 2023, Vampire moved to Cockatoo Island Dockyard to begin repairs to its hull and various other components, costing about $3M.[38]
As of April 2023, Vampire's radio room hosts an active Amateur Radio station, operated by a group of local Amateurs. The station operates under the radio call sign VK2VMP.[39]
^Audamus is meaningless in Latin. Cassells, who discovered the error during a review of RAN badges in September 1974, believes that the motto should have been Audeamus as it matches the provided English translation of "Let Us Be Daring" or "Let Us Dare".[1]
Bastock, John (1975). Australia's Ships of War. Cremorne, NSW: Angus and Robertson. ISBN0-207-12927-4. OCLC2525523.
Cassells, Vic (2000). The Destroyers: their battles and their badges. East Roseville, NSW: Simon & Schuster. ISBN0-7318-0893-2. OCLC46829686.
Lind, Lew (1986) [1982]. The Royal Australian Navy: Historic Naval Events Year by Year (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Reed Books. ISBN0-7301-0071-5. OCLC16922225.
Nott, Rodney; Payne, Noel (2008) [1994]. The Vung Tau Ferry: HMAS Sydney and Escort Ships (4th ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. ISBN978-1-877058-72-1. OCLC254773862.
Shaw, Lindsey (2007). HMAS Vampire: Last of the big guns (2nd ed.). Sydney, NSW: Australian National Maritime Museum. ISBN978-0-642-51867-5. OCLC271312410.
Stevens, David, ed. (2001). The Royal Australian Navy. The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-555542-2. OCLC50418095.
Cooper, Alastair. "The Korean War Era"; "The Era of Forward Defence". The Royal Australian Navy.
Jones, Peter. "Towards Self Reliance"; "A Period of Change and Uncertainty". The Royal Australian Navy.
Journal and newspaper articles
Brooke, Michael (16 November 2006). "Destroyer revamped". Navy News. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
"Pride of naval museum catches fire". The Daily Telegraph. 2 November 2006. p. 19.
Shaw, Lindsey (September 2011). "Historic RAN ships in Australia: The first century". Signals (96). Australian National Maritime Museum: 18–21.
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