Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs

Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs
Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs
Born(1836-12-02)2 December 1836
Lunden, Duchy of Holstein, German Confederation
Died14 February 1923(1923-02-14) (aged 86)
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
NationalityGerman American
Alma materUniversity of Copenhagen
Known forperiodic table of elements, derecho
Scientific career
InstitutionsState University of Iowa, St. Louis University

Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs (2 December 1836 – 14 February 1923) was a chemist and natural philosopher most widely known for his findings on periodic laws within the chemical elements.[1]

Life

Hinrichs was born in 1836 in Lunden in the Duchy of Holstein, which at that time was under the rule of Denmark although it was simultaneously part of the German Confederation. He attended the local polytechnic school and the University of Copenhagen. During his schooling he published several articles and books,[1][2] including descriptions of the magnetic field of Earth and its interaction with the aether.

Hinrichs graduated in 1860, between the First and Second Schleswig Wars. He emigrated later that year to the United States, settling initially in Davenport, Iowa, where he taught school, then in nearby Iowa City.[3] In 1863 he was appointed a professor of natural philosophy, chemistry, and modern languages at the University of Iowa. He founded the first state weather and crop service in the United States and headed the Iowa Weather Service until 1886. He was first to identify and name the straight-line storm phenomenon he called the "derecho."[4] He stayed at the University of Iowa until 1886, when he was fired by the state Board of Regents due to disputes with the university president and faculty colleagues.[4] He became a professor at the St. Louis University in 1889 and taught there until his retirement in 1907.[5][6][7]

Periodic law

Hinrichs is one of the discoverers of the periodic laws, which are the basis for the periodic table of elements.[1] Although his contribution is not generally considered as important as those of Dmitri Mendeleev or Lothar Meyer, in 1867 (two years before Mendeleev) he presented his ideas on periodicity among the chemical elements in his privately printed book Programme der Atommechanik,[8] and in slightly revised form in 1869. His first periodic table had the form of a double spiral,[1] and the elements were placed into the structure according to their atomic mass. Hinrichs also postulated a theory on the cause of the periodicity within the chemical elements based on his theory of the composition of elements out of smaller Panatome. The Trigonoides were the nonmetals made from regular triangles, while the metallic Tetragonoides were made from squares. Algebraic formulas of how to mix squares and triangles yielded the periodic laws.[1][5][9] His "controversial ideas and colorful personality"[9] proved to be an obstacle to the acceptance of his theories.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Girolami, Gregory S. (2021). "Gustavus Hinrichs and His Charts of the Elements". In Giunta, C. J.; Mainz, V. V.; Girolami, G. S. (eds.). 150 Years of the Periodic Table. Springer. pp. 133–193. ISBN 978-3-030-67909-5.
  2. ^ a b Scerri, Eric (2019). The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance. Oxford University Press. pp. 95–102. ISBN 978-0-19-091436-3.
  3. ^ Gaul, Alma (August 16, 2020). "The man who discovered 'derecho' lived in Davenport". Quad-City Times. Davenport, Iowa. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  4. ^ a b Wolf, Ray. "A Brief History of Gustavus Hinrichs, Discoverer of the DERECHO". NOAA. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  5. ^ a b Zapffe, Carl A. (1969). "Gustavus Hinrichs, Precursor of Mendeleev". Isis. 60 (4): 461–476. doi:10.1086/350537. JSTOR 229106. S2CID 144104293.
  6. ^ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1892). "Hinrichs, Gustavus Detlef" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  7. ^ Biography and papers at the University of Iowa Libraries. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
  8. ^ Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs (1868). Contributions to Molecular Science, or Atomechanics ... Essex Institute Press.
  9. ^ a b Kauffman, George B. (1969). "American forerunners of the periodic law". Journal of Chemical Education. 46 (3): 128. Bibcode:1969JChEd..46..128K. doi:10.1021/ed046p128.

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