The region covered by this list was sparsely populated until the later part of the 19th century. Its largest conurbation is the city of Liverpool, a port and commercial centre. There is industry in and around Liverpool and in the town of St Helens, but the economy of much of the region is agricultural.[19] The bedrock consists mainly of sandstone, which is the stone chiefly used for building the churches of the region. The superficial deposits are of boulder clay, which provides material for making bricks.[20]
This church was designed by Thomas Rickman in association with the iron founder John Cragg, using cast iron parts made in Cragg's foundry. It was built in 1813–15. The skeleton is of cast iron, as are many of the decorative features, including the parapets, battlements, and pinnacles. The church is partly clad in brick and slate. Its plan consists of a six-baynave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a chancel, and a west tower.[14][21]
A church existed on this site in the Anglo-Saxon era, but was replaced by a Norman church in the 12th century. Part of the Norman arcade is still present at the west end of the church. The tower, with its broach spire was added during the 14th century. The east end of the church was rebuilt in the 16th century in Perpendicular style. In 1846–47 the church was restored and the north aisle was added. There were further restorations in 1871–72 and in 1897.[4][23]
A Roman Catholic church built in 1935–36 and designed by F. X. Velarde in Modernist style. It is built in brick with a green pantile roof, and consists of a nave with aisles, a chancel with a north chapel, and a broad west tower with a narthex. The buttresses on the sides rise above the roofs and are pierced by an arch. The windows are mullioned and transomed, each light being arched. On the tower, above the windows, are three angels carved by H. Tyson Smith.[18][24]
The chancel of All Saints dates from the 14th century, and the south aisle and porch possibly from the following century. Additions were made in the 18th century, the steeple was built in 1810–11, and the north aisle in 1833. Inside the porch is a fragment of a Saxon cross-shaft, and incorporated in the fabric of the east wall of the chancel is a Normancapital.[5][25]
This is the earliest of the three Liverpool churches designed by Thomas Rickman in association with the iron founder John Cragg, using cast iron parts made in Cragg's foundry. The exterior is in stone, and the church is in Perpendicular style. Almost all the stained glass was destroyed during the Second World War.[15][26]
The cathedral was designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, initially in collaboration with G. F. Bodley. Construction began in 1904, and the Lady chapel was completed in 1910. Building continued through much of the century; the tower was completed in 1942 and the entire building in 1978. It is constructed in red sandstone in Gothic style, and has a cruciform plan, with a large central tower at the crossing.[11][27]
The north vestry and south wall of the chancel date from the 14th century, the nave and chapel were built in 1610, the steeple was added in 1729, the aisles in 1817–19, and the south vestry in 1900. The church was restored in 1876 by W. & G. Audsley. The steeple was designed by Henry Sephton and is in Neoclassical style, but the rest of the church is Gothic. Many of the internal furnishings date from the 17th century. Also in the church are a Normanfont, a reredos by C. E. Kempe, and monuments by Richard Westmacott and A. W. N. Pugin.[6][30]
The oldest fabric in the present church dates from the 14th century, with fragments from the 12th-century church preserved inside. Most of the church dates from between 1489 and 1557 when members of the Molyneux family were incumbents, and is Perpendicular in style. The church was restored between 1907 and 1922 by W. D. Caröe, who also designed some of the internal furnishings. The church contains seven screens dating from the early and mid-16th century. The pulpit is dated 1635 and is decorated with close arabesque carving.[7][31]
Designed by J. Loughborough Pearson, the church was built in 1883–85. It is constructed in red brick with sandstone dressings in the style of the 13th century, with English and French elements. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described it as "by far the most beautiful Victorian church of Liverpool".[8][32]
Built in 1896–99, the church was designed by Thomas and Percy Worthington, who also designed the attached library, vestry, and church hall. The buildings are constructed in red brick with sandstone dressings in Gothic style. The main entrance contains three beaten copper doors in Arts and Crafts style. The stained glass was designed by Edward Burne-Jones and made by Morris & Co. The choir stall canopies and the font were carved by C. J. Allen. In the vestry are ceiling paintings by Gerald Moira. The attached church hall is listed separately, also at Grade I.[17][34][35]
Initially built between 1604 and 1618, the chapel was largely rebuilt in 1774, and the porch was added in 1841. It consists of a simple rectangular box in stone with a slate roof and a small bellcote. All the pews in chapel are box pews, one of which is dated 1650, and there are galleries on three sides.[12][36]
The church was built in 1867–70 to a design by G. F. Bodley, who also designed the furnishings and fittings and decorated the walls. The decorations were restored in 1968–71 by S. E. Dykes Bower. The exterior of the church is constructed in buff and red stone arranged in irregular bands, with stained glass windows designed by Edward Burne-Jones. Inside the church are painted panels by C. E. Kempe.[9][37]
Notes
^In this context, a mortuary chapel is a small chapel in or near a cemetery where bodies in coffins are kept until the burial service is held.[28]
Pollard, Richard; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2006). Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West. The Buildings of England. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-10910-5.
Sharples, Joseph; Pollard, Richard (2004). Liverpool. Pevsner Architectural Guides. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-10258-5.
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
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