The estate of Gorki belonged to various Muscovite noblemen from the 18th century. Zinaida Morozova, the widow of Savva Morozov, purchased it in 1909, the year before she married General Anatoly Reinbot (later Anatoly Rezvoy), the chief of Moscow police.[6] She engaged the most fashionable Russian architect, Fyodor Schechtel, to remodel the mansion in the then-current Neoclassical style, complete with a six-column Ionic portico.
On 21 January 1924, Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the Russian SFSR and subsequently the USSR, died at this estate, which he had used as his personal dacha since its nationalization in 1918.
Lenin's dacha
After the Soviet government moved to Moscow in 1918, it nationalized the luxurious estate and converted it into Vladimir Lenin's dacha. In September 1918, the Soviet leader recuperated there following an assassination attempt. He spent an increasing amount of time there as his health declined over the following years. On May 15, 1923, Lenin followed medical advice and left the Moscow Kremlin for Gorki. He lived there in semi-retirement until his death on January 21, 1924.
1955 stamp depicting Lenin and Nadezhda Krupskaya among the peasants of Gorki
After Lenin's death, Gorki was renamed "Gorki Leninskiye"[7] (meaning "Lenin's Gorki"). The house became a museum holding many of Lenin's possessions. Also located on the estate is a large museum built in 1987 concerning Lenin's life there, containing such artifacts as his Last Testament (as transcribed by Nadezhda Krupskaya), other documents, photos, books, Lenin's car (a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost), his wheelchairs, and his apartment and office from the Kremlin, reconstructed in a separate building. A monument representing "The Death of the Leader" was unveiled in the 18th-century park in 1958.
^Murrell, Kathleen Berton (2001). Discovering the Moscow Countryside: An Illustrated Guide to Russia's Heartland. I.B. Tauris. p. 102. ISBN9781860646737. Retrieved January 24, 2014. There has been an estate at Gorki since the late 18th century. In 1909 it was purchased by Zinaida Morozova, the widow of Savva Morozov, the wealthy textile merchant and Bolshevik sympathiser. [...] In 1910, five years after Savva's suicide, Zinaida married for the third time [...] General Anatoly Reinbot, the Moscow head of police. Reinbot, who changed his German name to Rezvoy in 1914, fell foul of the law and, although pardoned by Nicholas II, Zinaida divorced him. In 1917 she was evicted from Gorki [...].
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