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Gliese 414
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Ursa Major
	GJ 414 A
Right ascension	11h 11m 05.17s
Declination	+30° 26′ 45.7″
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.864±0.012
	GJ 414 B
Right ascension	11h 11m 02.54s
Declination	+30° 26′ 41.3″
Apparent magnitude (V)	10
Characteristics
GJ 414 A
Spectral type	K7V
B−V color index	1.255
Variable type	None
GJ 414 B
Spectral type	M2V
B−V color index	2.41±0.34
Variable type	None
Astrometry
GJ 414 A
Radial velocity (Rv)	−16.63 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 591.622±0.0812 mas/yr ; Dec.: −197.247±0.0911 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	84.1766 ± 0.0258 mas
Distance	38.75 ± 0.01 ly ; (11.880 ± 0.004 pc)
GJ 414 B
Radial velocity (Rv)	−15.34 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 604.831±0.0806 mas/yr ; Dec.: −206.442±0.0751 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	84.1554 ± 0.0200 mas
Distance	38.756 ± 0.009 ly ; (11.883 ± 0.003 pc)
Details
GJ 414 A
Mass	0.65±0.08 M☉
Radius	0.68±0.14 R☉
Luminosity	0.119±0.013 L☉
Habitable zone inner limit	0.37 AU
Habitable zone outer limit	0.70 AU
Temperature	4120±109 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.24±0.1 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	3 km/s
Age	12.4±5.2 Gyr
GJ 414 B
Mass	0.542±0.022 M☉
Radius	0.548±0.017 R☉
Luminosity	0.05 L☉
Temperature	3663±70 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.08±0.09 dex
Age	11.2±5.9 Gyr
Other designations
	Gliese 414, HD 97101, LHS 2367, DO 14370, HIC 54646, HIP 54646, LFT 767, LTT 13009, NLTT 26534, 2MASS J11110509+3026459, TIC 9001920, TYC 2520-2524-1, WDS J11111+3027A, WISEA J111105.67+302643.6, Gaia EDR3 732857558276385664
Position (relative to Gliese 414 A)
Component	Gliese 414 B
Angular distance	34.34″
Projected separation	408 AU
Database references
SIMBAD	data

Gliese 414, also known as GJ 414, is a binary system made up of an orange dwarf and a red dwarf, located about 39 light years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major.^[6]^{[note 1]} With an apparent magnitude of 8.31, it is not visible to the naked eye.^[4]^[6] The primary component of the system has two known exoplanets.^[7]

Characteristics

The main component of the system, Gliese 414 A, is a relatively active orange dwarf, about 68% the size of the Sun and 65% its mass.^[2] Its age is estimated at 12.4 billion years, about two and a half times the age of the Solar System.^[2] It is orbited by two known exoplanets, called Gliese 414 Ab and Gliese 414 Ac.

The secondary component, Gliese 414 B, is a red dwarf of type M2V, that is 55% the size of the Sun and 54% its mass.^[2] Unlike its companion star, Gliese 414 B is not orbited by any known planets.^[6]

The binary star system is located in the northern hemisphere, approximately 38.8 light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.^[4]^{[note 1]} The closest star to the star system is CW Ursae Majoris, at a distance of 5.3 light-years.^[6]

Nearest stars to Gliese 414^[6]
Name	Distance (light-years)
CW Ursae Majoris	5.3
DS Leonis	5.9
2MASS J10475+2124	7.8
Gliese 1138	8.1
Gliese 1134	8.3

Planetary system

The primary star, Gliese 414 A, is orbited by two exoplanets.^[2] They were discovered in 2020 by analyzing radial velocity data from Keck's HIRES instrument and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory, as well as photometric data from KELT.^[7]^[8]

The innermost planet, Gliese 414 Ab, orbits its star at an average distance of 0.23 astronomical units, making it close to the optimistic habitable zone.^[2] Its orbit is eccentric (e = 0.45), which causes the distance from its star to vary from 0.13 to 0.34 AU, and its equilibrium temperature is calculated at 36 °C.^[2] With a minimum mass of 7.6 M_E, it is likely to have a significant volatile-rich envelope, thus being a poor candidate for habitability.^[2]^[8]

The outermost planet, Gliese 414 Ac, is a super-Neptune that orbits its star at a greater distance of 1.4 astronomical units, which makes it a frigid planet, having an equilibrium temperature of about -150 °C.^[2] It is a good candidate for future direct imaging missions.^[2]^[7]^[8]

The Gliese 414 A planetary system
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	≥7.6+2.44 −2.19 $M$ _🜨	0.232±0.01	50.8+0.01 −0.26	0.45+0.19 −0.22	—	2.63+1.22 −0.85 $R$ _🜨
c	≥53.83+9.18 −8.58 $M$ _🜨	1.4+0.055 −0.06	749.83+4.35 −3.63	0.105+0.110 −0.703	—	8.4+3.6 −2.5 $R$ _🜨

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "HD 97101". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, David J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (January 2021). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (2): 86. arXiv:2009.06503. Bibcode:2021AJ....161...86D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 1538-3881.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "HD 97101B". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Gliese 414 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
^ Nordström, B.; Mayor, M.; Andersen, J.; Holmberg, J.; Pont, F.; Jørgensen, B. R.; Olsen, E. H.; Udry, S.; Mowlavi, N. (2004-05-01). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ∼14 000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 418: 989–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0405198. Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. ISSN 0004-6361. Archived from the original on 2022-09-22. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "★ Gliese 414". Stellar Catalog. Archived from the original on 2023-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Open Exoplanet Catalogue - Gliese 414 Ab". www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com. Archived from the original on 2023-12-14. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c Anderson, Natali (2020-09-21). "Astronomers Find Two Massive Exoplanets in Nearby Binary System | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Archived from the original on 2024-01-13. Retrieved 2024-01-13.