Gladys ElphickMBE (née Walters; 27 August 1904 – 19 January 1988), also known as Gladys Hughes and Auntie Glad, was an Australian Aboriginal woman of Kaurna and Ngadjuri descent, best known as the founding president of the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia, which became the Aboriginal Council of South Australia in 1973.
Early life and education
Gladys Walters was born on 27 August 1904 in Adelaide, South Australia, the daughter of John Herbert Walters, gas-meter inspector, and Gertrude Adams.[1]
Her maternal great-grandmother was Kudnarto,[2] who was known for having been the wife of a white man, Tom Adams, in the first approved mixed-race marriage in South Australia. She was descended from their son Tim, and was related to the family of Vince Copley on his mother's side, who was descended from his brother Tom. The families were close and Copley refers to "Aunty Glad" (actually his older cousin) many times throughout his memoir, The Wonder of Little Things.[3]
While still an infant of eight months, Gladys was taken to live with relations at Point Pearce Aboriginal mission on the Yorke Peninsula. There she attended the local school, and taught herself to play the organ.[1]
On leaving school at age twelve, she worked in Point Pearce's dairy. She married Walter Hughes, a shearer, in 1922. After her husband's death in 1937, she (then Gladys Hughes) moved to Adelaide, lived with her cousin Gladys O'Brien (mother of Lewis Yarlupurka O'Brien[4]), and worked as a domestic servant. She then worked at the Islington Railway Workshops in Adelaide's northern suburbs during World War II creating shells and other munitions.[1]
She married Frederick Elphick, a soldier, in 1940.[1][3]
Community work
Elphick joined the Aborigines Advancement League of South Australia in the 1940s and became active in committee work with the League in the 1960s. Most of the Aboriginal members of the AALSA left to join the Aborigines Progress Association (APA). Lowitja O'Donoghue reported that she and others, including Elphick, joined the new group because they felt the need for an all-Aboriginal group, but without any ill-feeling towards the League or founding president Charles Duguid.[5]
Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia
In 1966, after Elphick clashed with Laurie Bryan, and others became disillusioned with the APA (which they said was run mainly by white people), she and a group of Aboriginal women broke away and formed the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia (CAWSA).[5] Maude Tongerie was a co-founder, and some of the other "Colebrook girls", including Lowitja O'Donoghue and Faith Coulthard, and Ruby Hammond from the Coorong, were actively involved with the Council.[6]
CAWSA worked closely with and received substantial support from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs.[5] Working out of an office in Pirie Street, Adelaide, the did a lot of work to support Aboriginal women and children, running programs such as the Sunday Mail blanket drive and organising a Christmas tree in Bonython Park each year.[6] The Council was active in campaigning for the 1967 Referendum.[7] The Council became the Aboriginal Council of South Australia in 1973, and from then included men in its remit and governance.
Aboriginal Cultural Centre/Nunkuwarrin Yunti
After the disbandment of the APA in the 1970s,[5] the Aboriginal Cultural Centre (ACC) amalgamated with CAWSA, with Elphick as first president of the ACC.[5] The ACC was first incorporated in 1971, and evolved through a series of names, including Aboriginal Community Centre of South Australia and the Aboriginal Community Recreation and Health Services Centre of South Australia. In the early days, a health programme was established, funded by donations and a small amount of government funding, with the help of a dedicated doctor. The centre started accommodating several other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander programmes, including the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement, Aboriginal Child Care Agency, Aboriginal Sobriety Group, National Aboriginal Congress, Aboriginal Hostels Ltd, Trachoma and Eye Health Programme, WOMA, Aboriginal Housing Board, Aboriginal Home Care, and Kumangka Aboriginal Youth Service. The service was incorporated as Nunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia Inc. in 1994, and was named NAIDOC Organisation of the Year in South Australia in 1998. It is community-controlled and governed by an all-Indigenous board, employing more than 100 staff, and delivers a range of health care and community support services as well as being a registered training organisation.[8]
A plaque honouring Elphick and her work for the community is part of the Jubilee 150 Walkway, a series of 150 bronze plaques set into the footpath of North Terrace, Adelaide commemorating "a selection of people who had made a significant contribution to the community or gained national and international recognition for their work".[11]
An award has been named in her honour by the International Women's Day Committee (South Australia). Presented since 2003, it is a Community Spirit Award Acknowledging Outstanding Aboriginal Women.[12] Known as the Gladys Elphick Award, it is awarded to recognise Aboriginal women working to advance the status of Indigenous people.[13][14]
Numkuwarrin Yunti, the cultural and community centre established by Elphick, continues today.[5][8]
A Google Doodle released on 27 August 2019 was dedicated to her.[13]
The first Gladys Elphick Memorial Oration was scheduled to be given in July 2021 by journalist Stan Grant as a keynote address of the Adelaide Festival of Ideas, in collaboration with the History Trust of South Australia and Reconciliation SA. The title of the inaugural address was "Flagging Intentions", referring to the Aboriginal flag.[16] However, it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. The inaugural Gladys Elphick Memorial Oration was held in July 2022 with academic, artist, and community leader Simone Tur, pro vice chancellor Indigenous at Flinders University, giving the Oration. Tur explored "First Nation Matriarchs: The Role of First Nations Women in Elevating Voices".[17][18]
Gladys Elphick Awards
Gladys Elphick Awards were established in 2003, with the following aims:[19]
...to celebrate the life achievements of the late Aunty Gladys Elphick and her fellow members of the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia. The awards acknowledge the contemporary achievements of Aboriginal women who work tirelessly to advance the status of Aboriginal people through a wide range of mediums.
The awards are run by a group of volunteers, who make up the Gladys Elphick Awards Ceremony Committee.[20] As of 2024[update] the awards are given in the following categories:[21]
Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award (Lifetime Achievement)
Shirley Peisley Award – Aboriginal woman who is leading positive change for Aboriginal people in the workplace
Regional Award – (actively contributing to the community and initiating positive change to the lives of others)
Young Sister Rising Star Award – up to 30 years
Quiet Achiever Award - Aboriginal woman who contributes substantially to the empowerment of Aboriginal people
Young sister dreaming award - Up to the age of 18
Personal life
Elphick married Walter Hughes, a shearer, in 1922, who died in 1937. She married Frederick Elphick, a soldier, in 1940.[1][3] They had two sons, Timothy Hughes MBE (1919–1976) and Alfred Hughes. Timothy enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 4 December 1939 and fought in the Second World War, and afterwards (1953) he leased a soldier settler block of 979 acres (396 ha) at Conmurra and was highly regarded in the community. Alfred served in the regular army, and was posted to serve in the Korean War with the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment between 1951 and 54.[22]
^"Biography - Kudnarto". Indigenous Australia,'Kudnarto (c. 1832–1855)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, by Peggy Brock.
^ abcCopley, Vince (12 December 2022). "The Wonder of Little Things". HarperCollins Australia. p. 8,10,12,28. Retrieved 23 January 2024. And then there were cousins older than me who I called Aunty too, like Aunty Gladys.
^ ab"History". Nunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
^ abO'Brien, Lewis; Hughes, Paul (December 2013). "Gladys Elphick MBE". SA History Hub. Retrieved 31 January 2024. This entry was first published in S.A.'s Greats: the men and women of the North Terrace plaques, edited by John Healey (Adelaide: Historical Society of South Australia Inc., 2001).
^Hall, Robert (1996). "Timothy Hughes (1919–1976)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 31 January 2024. This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 14, (Melbourne University Press), 1996
