GGPS1

GGPS1
Identifiers
Aliases	GGPS1, GGPPS, GGPPS1, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1, MDHLO, MUDHLOV
External IDs	OMIM: 606982; MGI: 1341724; GeneCards: GGPS1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2Q80
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	235,344,532 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (mouse)
End	14,238,073 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sperm; ; ganglionic eminence; ; islet of Langerhans; ; skin of thigh; ; glutes; ; optic nerve; ; epithelium of colon; ; gingival epithelium; ; left testis; ; right testis;
	Top expressed in
	Rostral migratory stream; ; pineal gland; ; genital tubercle; ; tail of embryo; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; ventricular zone; ; lateral geniculate nucleus; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; epithelium of lens; ; seminal vesicula;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; farnesyltranstransferase activity; protein binding; metal ion binding; dimethylallyltranstransferase activity; geranyltranstransferase activity; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol;
Biological process	cholesterol biosynthetic process; farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process; geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process; geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process; isoprenoid biosynthetic process; isoprenoid metabolic process; regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	9453
	14593
	ENSG00000152904
	ENSMUSG00000021302
	O95749
	Q9WTN0
	NM_001037277; NM_001037278; NM_004837; NM_001371477; NM_001371478
NM_010282; NM_001331119; NM_001331176; NM_001331177; NM_001331178;
	NM_001331180
NP_001032354; NP_001032355; NP_001358406; NP_001358407; NP_004828;
	NP_001032354.1
NP_001318048; NP_001318105; NP_001318106; NP_001318107; NP_001318109;
	NP_034412
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GGPS1 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

This gene is a member of the prenyltransferase family and encodes a protein with geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase activity. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. GGPP is an important molecule responsible for the C20-prenylation of proteins and for the regulation of a nuclear hormone receptor. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.^[7]

Much like its homolog farnesyl diphosphate synthase, GGPS1 is inhibited by bisphosphonate compounds.^[8]

Clinical

Mutations in both copies of this gene have been associated with a syndrome of muscular dystrophy, hearing loss and ovarian insufficiency.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000152904 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021302 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ericsson J, Greene JM, Carter KC, Shell BK, Duan DR, Florence C, Edwards PA (September 1998). "Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: isolation of the cDNA, chromosomal mapping and tissue expression". Journal of Lipid Research. 39 (9): 1731–9. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32159-3. PMID 9741684.
^ Kainou T, Kawamura K, Tanaka K, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M (March 1999). "Identification of the GGPS1 genes encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from mouse and human". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1437 (3): 333–40. doi:10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00028-1. PMID 10101267.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: GGPS1 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1".
^ Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF, Hohl RJ (December 2011). "Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: an emerging therapeutic target". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 90 (6): 804–12. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.215. PMID 22048229. S2CID 27913789.
^ Foley AR, Zou Y, Dunford JE, Rooney J, Chandra G, Xiong H, Straub V, Voit T, Romero N, Donkervoort S, Hu Y, Markello T, Horn A, Qebibo L, Dastgir J, Meilleur K, Finkel RS, Fan Y, Mamchaoui K, Duguez S, Nelson I, Laporte J, Santi M, Malfatti E, Maisonobe T, Touraine P, Hirano M, Hughes I, Bushby K, Oppermann U, Böhm J, Jaiswal JK, Stojkovic T, Bönnemann CG (2020) GGPS1 mutations cause muscular dystrophy/hearing loss/ovarian insufficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol

Ericsson J, Runquist M, Thelin A, Andersson M, Chojnacki T, Dallner G (January 1993). "Distribution of prenyltransferases in rat tissues. Evidence for a cytosolic all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (2): 832–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54009-6. PMID 8419360.
Kuzuguchi T, Morita Y, Sagami I, Sagami H, Ogura K (February 1999). "Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. cDNA cloning and expression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (9): 5888–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.9.5888. PMID 10026212.
Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD, Peng YD, Huang QH, Ren SX, Gu YJ, Huang CH, Li YB, Jiang CL, Fu G, Zhang QH, Gu BW, Dai M, Mao YF, Gao GF, Rong R, Ye M, Zhou J, Xu SH, Gu J, Shi JX, Jin WR, Zhang CK, Wu TM, Huang GY, Chen Z, Chen MD, Chen JL (August 2000). "Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (17): 9543–8. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.9543H. doi:10.1073/pnas.160270997. PMC 16901. PMID 10931946.
Bommel H, Xie G, Rossoll W, Wiese S, Jablonka S, Boehm T, Sendtner M (November 2002). "Missense mutation in the tubulin-specific chaperone E (Tbce) gene in the mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy, a model of human motoneuron disease". The Journal of Cell Biology. 159 (4): 563–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.200208001. PMC 2173089. PMID 12446740.
Kavanagh KL, Dunford JE, Bunkoczi G, Russell RG, Oppermann U (August 2006). "The crystal structure of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase reveals a novel hexameric arrangement and inhibitory product binding". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (31): 22004–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602603200. PMID 16698791.
Ma J, Dempsey AA, Stamatiou D, Marshall KW, Liew CC (March 2007). "Identifying leukocyte gene expression patterns associated with plasma lipid levels in human subjects". Atherosclerosis. 191 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.032. PMID 16806233.
Raz T, Nardi V, Azam M, Cortes J, Daley GQ (September 2007). "Farnesyl transferase inhibitor resistance probed by target mutagenesis". Blood. 110 (6): 2102–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-12-064907. PMC 1976354. PMID 17536018.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 1 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000152904 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021302 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9741684-5] Ericsson J, Greene JM, Carter KC, Shell BK, Duan DR, Florence C, Edwards PA (September 1998). "Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: isolation of the cDNA, chromosomal mapping and tissue expression". Journal of Lipid Research. 39 (9): 1731–9. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32159-3. PMID 9741684.

[pmid10101267-6] Kainou T, Kawamura K, Tanaka K, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M (March 1999). "Identification of the GGPS1 genes encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from mouse and human". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1437 (3): 333–40. doi:10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00028-1. PMID 10101267.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: GGPS1 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1".

[8] Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF, Hohl RJ (December 2011). "Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: an emerging therapeutic target". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 90 (6): 804–12. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.215. PMID 22048229. S2CID 27913789.

[Foley2020-9] Foley AR, Zou Y, Dunford JE, Rooney J, Chandra G, Xiong H, Straub V, Voit T, Romero N, Donkervoort S, Hu Y, Markello T, Horn A, Qebibo L, Dastgir J, Meilleur K, Finkel RS, Fan Y, Mamchaoui K, Duguez S, Nelson I, Laporte J, Santi M, Malfatti E, Maisonobe T, Touraine P, Hirano M, Hughes I, Bushby K, Oppermann U, Böhm J, Jaiswal JK, Stojkovic T, Bönnemann CG (2020) GGPS1 mutations cause muscular dystrophy/hearing loss/ovarian insufficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol

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GGPS1

Function

Clinical

References

Further reading

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