As of December 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 19,239 and a population density of 293.4 persons per km2. Its total area was 65.58 km2.
During the early Meiji period cadastral reforms, the villages of Tomioka and Fujikawa were established on October 1, 1889. The two villages merged to form the village of Fujioka on April 1, 1906. The village was raised to town status on April 1, 1978.