French frigate Iphigénie (1777)

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Iphigénie.

An image of French frigate Iphigénie (1777)
History
France
Name	Iphigénie
Namesake	Iphigenia
Builder	Gilles Cambry, Lorient Dockyard, on the basis of plans by Léon-Michel Guignace
Laid down	February 1777
Launched	16 October 1777
Completed	March 1778
Captured	By the British in August 1793
Great Britain
Acquired	August 1793 by capture
Captured	December 1793
France
Name	Iphigénie
Acquired	December 1793 by capture
Captured	February 1795
Spain
Name	Ifigenia
Acquired	February 1795 by capture
Out of service	1818
Fate	Wrecked
General characteristics [1]
Class and type	Iphigénie-class frigate
Displacement	~1150 tonnes
Length	134 ft 0 in (40.8 m)
Beam	34 ft 6 in (10.5 m)
Draught	17 ft 6 in (5.3 m)
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Complement	270-290
Armament	1778-92: 26 × 12-pounder long guns + 6 × 6-pounder long guns 1792:As above + 1 or 2 mortars 1794-5:As above, but with 2 × 36-pounder howitzers instead of the mortar(s)

Iphigénie was a 32-gun Iphigénie-class frigate of the French Navy, and the lead ship of her class. She was briefly in British hands after the Anglo-Spanish capture of Toulon in August 1793 but the French recaptured her December. The Spanish captured her in 1795 and her subsequent fate is unknown.

Career

On 10 July 1777 Iphigénie, Captain Kersaint de Coëtnempren was part of the French fleet, under Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers. The fleet was in a fog and when the fog lifted, the French realised that a British vessel was among them. The French cutter Curieuse, of 10 guns and under the command of Captain Trolong du Rumain, chased HMS Lively and ordered her to lie to, which order Biggs declined. However, Iphigénie came up and ordered Biggs to sail Lively to the French admiral. Biggs was still arguing when Iphigénie fired a broadside. The broadside killed 12 British sailors; thereupon, Biggs struck.^[2] The French took Lively into service.^[3]

Between June and July 1778, Iphigénie was at Brest, being coppered.^[3] In December, Iphigénie captured the 18-gun sloop HMS Ceres off Saint Lucia. One year later Iphigénie took part in the Battle of Grenada.

On 26 April 1780 Iphigénie and Gentille captured HMS Fortune off Barbuda.^[4] The frigates belonged to Guichen's squadron.

In January–February 1782, French captain Armand de Kersaint led a squadron in Iphigénie that included two more frigates, four brigs, and a large cutter to recapture Demerara and Essequibo. The naval opposition consisted of a British squadron of three sloops and two brig sloops under the command of Commander William Tarhoudin in HMS Oronoque. The French were sighted on 30 January and Tarhoudin moved his squadron downriver. However, the French landed troops and as these moved towards Demerara, the British forces facing them retreated, forcing Tarhoudin to pull back his vessels also. On 1 February the British asked for terms of capitulation, with the actual capitulation taking place on 3 February.^[5]

Between November 1783 and January 1784, Iphigénie underwent repair and refitting at Martinique.^[1]

In August 1793 the British captured her at Toulon. In September they added mortars to her armament. When they left Toulon she was in the harbour awaiting repairs. They set fire to her, or at least believed that they had.^[6] However, the French returned her to service. Between January 1794 and May she underwent refitting and repair.^[3]

Fate

On 14 February 1795, she was captured in the Gulf of Roses by a Spanish fleet under Admiral Juan de Lángara. The Spanish sailed her to Cartagena and brought into the Spanish Armada as Ifigenia.^[7]

Citations

1. Demerliac (1996), p. 62, #373.
2. Clowes (1897-1903), Vol. 4, p. 16.
3. Demerliac (1996), p. 68, #425.
4. Roche (2005), p. 110.
5. Hepper (1994), p. 67.
6. "No. 13613". The London Gazette. 17 January 1794. p. 45.
7. Demerliac (1996), p.62, #373.

References

• Demerliac, Alain (1996). La Marine de Louis XVI: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1774 à 1792 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 9782906381230. OCLC 468324725.
• Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
• Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours. Vol. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922. (1671-1870)