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*Oreste*
History
France
Name	Oreste
Namesake	Orestes
Builder	Le Havre
Laid down	July 1804
Launched	16 January 1805
Captured	12 January 1810
United Kingdom
Name	Wellington
Acquired	12 January 1810 by capture
Fate	Broken up 1812
General characteristics
Displacement	352 tons
Tons burthen	31236⁄94
Length	27.61 m (90.6 ft) (overall); 25.66 m (84.2 ft);
Beam	8.45 m (27.7 ft)
Draught	3.55 m (11.6 ft) (unloaded)
Depth of hold	4.22 m (13.8 ft)
Sail plan	Brig
Complement	French Navy: 94; RN:100;
Armament	1805: 12 × 6-pounder guns + 4 × 32-pounder carronades; 1807:14 × 24-pounder carronades + 2 × 8-pounder chase guns; Royal Navy:14 × 24-pounder carronades + 2 × 6-pounder chase guns;

Oreste was a 16-gun brig, the name ship of her class. She had been built to a design by Notaire Granville and was launched at Le Havre in 1805. The British captured her in 1810, renamed her HMS Wellington, but never commissioned her. She was broken up in 1812.

Career

In 1808 Oreste was under the command of capitaine de frégate Thierria-La Maisonblanche. She carried dispatches from Bayonne to Cayenne, cruised off Guyana, returned to Bayonne from Martinique, sailing via Pasajes, carried provisions from Bayonne to Martinique, and returned to Pasajes. There on 1 October 1808 lieutenant de vaisseau Jean-Baptiste-Anselme Mousnier took command of Oreste.

Between 15 January and 12 November 1809, Oreste sailed her from Bayonne to Bilbao. She was stationed there but then sailed to Bordeaux via La Teste. At Bordeaux Mousnier received the mission of transporting troops, provisions, and supplies to Guadeloupe. In October, Oreste captured the British merchant vessel Saint Andrew.^[3] On 18 November 1809 Oreste sailed her from Bordeaux for Guadeloupe.

She left Guadeloupe on 11 January 1810 for France. Her passengers included a lieutenant-colonel and two other army officers and the captains and other officers from two French frigates that the British had recently destroyed.^[4]

Capture

In late 1809, HMS Scorpion, under the command of Commander Francis Stanfell, formed part of the squadron off Guadeloupe under Captain Volant Vashon Ballard of Blonde. On 11 January 1810, Ballard detached Stanfell to attempt to cut out a French brig anchored near the shore.^[5] At about 9pm, Scorpion spotted Oreste clearing the north point of the bay. Stanfell set off in pursuit. During the chase Scorpion's crew had to use her sweeps before she could close with Oreste at about 11:30pm.^[5] The action lasted for two to two-and-a-half hours, with Scorpion also being exposed to fire from the shore. Oreste made every effort to escape or run on shore, but Stanfell's skillful sailing frustrated these efforts.^[4] Oreste, which had been dismasted, finally struck her colours at 1:30am on 12 January. At this point a barge from Blonde arrived and assisted in the capture.^[5]

Scorpion had four men wounded during the action; the French losses were two killed and ten wounded, including Mousnier.^[5]Oreste carried a crew of 110;^[4] the British captured 91 officers and men. The remaining survivors escaped to shore on one of the brig's boats. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Scorpion 12 Jany. 1810" to the survivors of the action.

Fate

Oreste was a relatively new vessel so the Royal Navy took her into service. As the Royal Navy already had an Orestes, the Navy named her HMS Wellington. However, the Navy never commissioned Wellington,^[1] and she was broken up at Portsmouth in September 1812.^[2]

Citations

^ ^a ^b Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 214.
^ ^a ^b Winfield (2008), p. 320.
^ Rodingneaux (2006), p. 181.
^ ^a ^b ^c "No. 16351". The London Gazette. 13 March 1810. p. 388.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Long (1895), p. 165.

References

Long, William H. (1895). Medals of the British navy and how they were won: with a list of those officers, who for their gallant conduct were granted honorary swords and plate by the Committee of the Patriotic Fund. London: Norie & Wilson.
Rodigneaux, Michel (2006) La guerre de course en Guadeloupe, XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, ou Alger sous les tropiques. (L'Harmattan). ISBN 978-2296015319
Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.