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Frederick Charles Frank
Frederick Charles Frank
Born	6 March 1911; Durban, South Africa
Died	5 April 1998 (aged 87); Bristol, England
Alma mater	Lincoln College, Oxford (B.A., 1932; B.Sc., 1933; Ph.D, 1937)
Known for	Cyclol hypothesis; Disclination; Muon-catalyzed fusion; Screw disclocation; Burton–Cabrera–Frank model; Frank partial dislocations; Frank's constant; Frank free energy; Frank–Kasper phases; Frank–Read source; Frank–Van der Merwe growth
Awards	Copley Medal (1994); Guthrie Medal (1982); Gregori Aminoff Prize (1981); Bakerian Medal (1973); Griffith Medal (1967); Holweck Medal (1963)
	Scientific career
Fields	Theoretical physics
Institutions	University of Bristol

Sir Frederick Charles Frank (6 March 1911 – 5 April 1998) was a British theoretical physicist.^[1] He is best known for his work on crystal dislocations, including (with Thornton Read) the idea of the Frank–Read source of dislocations. He also proposed the cyclol reaction in the mid-1930s,^[2] and made many other contributions to solid-state physics, geophysics, and the theory of liquid crystals.

Early life and education

He was born in Durban, South Africa, although his parents returned to England soon afterwards. He was educated at Thetford Grammar School and Ipswich School and went on to study chemistry at Lincoln College, Oxford, gaining a doctorate at the university's Engineering Laboratory.

Career

Prior to World War II, he worked as a physicist in Berlin and as a colloid chemist in Cambridge. During World War II he joined the Chemical Defence Experimental Station at Porton Down, Wiltshire, but in 1940 was transferred to the Air Ministry's Assistant Directorate of Intelligence (Science) and spent the rest of the war with the Air Ministry. Due to his work he was made Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1946.^[3]

After the war he moved to the University of Bristol Physics Department to do research in solid state physics, but switched to research on crystal dislocation. His work with William Keith Burton and Nicolás Cabrera was to demonstrate the role dislocations played in the growth of crystals.^[4]

Apart from crystal defects, his wide-ranging research interests at Bristol included the mechanical properties of polymers, the theory of liquid crystals, the mechanics of the interior of the Earth, and the origin of biological homochirality.^[5]

He was appointed Reader in 1951, Melville Wills Professor in 1954 and Henry Overton Wills Professor and Director of the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory in 1969. He retired in 1976 but remained active in attending conferences, writing papers and corresponding with colleagues well into the 1990s.^[6] He edited the Farm Hall Transcripts from Operation Epsilon well into his eighties.^[7]

Honours and awards

Frank was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1954,^[8] delivering the Bakerian Lecture in 1973. He was knighted in 1977. He was also awarded honorary degrees by seven universities.^[1]

In 1963 he won the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize.

In 1967 he was awarded the A. A. Griffith Medal and Prize.^[9] He was also a member of the Materials Science Club Awards Sub-Committee which selected the Griffith medallist for 1972 (L. R. G. Treloar).

In 1994 he was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal, its highest honour, "in recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals."

Personal life

He married Maita Asche in 1940.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/68884. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Frank, F. C. (1936). "Energy of Formation of 'Cyclol' Molecules". Nature. 138 (3484): 242. Bibcode:1936Natur.138..242F. doi:10.1038/138242a0. S2CID 4065283.
^ Kleman, Maurice (1998). "Obituary Sir Frederick Charles Frank, OBE (1911–1998)". Liquid Crystals. 25:5 (5): 543–544. doi:10.1080/026782998205804.
^ Crystal Mysteries Spiral Deeper, Chemists Find 11/12/2013, www.nyu.edu, accessed 1 February 2021 "Dislocations were first posed by William Keith Burton, Nicolás Cabrera, and Sir Frederick Charles Frank in the late 1940s as essential for crystal growth."
^ Frank, F.C. (1953). "On spontaneous asymmetric synthesis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 11 (4). Elsevier: 459–463. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(53)90082-1. PMID 13105666.
^ ^a ^b Chambers, Bob (12 April 1998). "Obituary: Sir Charles Frank". The Independent. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
^ Frank, Charles (1993). Operation Epsilon: The Farm Hall Transcripts. University of California Press. p. 313. ISBN 9780520084995.
^ Nabarro, F. R. N.; Nye, J. F. (2000). "Sir (Frederick) Charles Frank, O.B.E. 6 March 1911 – 5 April 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 46: 177. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0079. S2CID 71313452.
^ The National Archives – MATERIALS SCIENCE CLUB NCUACS 15.8.89/F.186, F.187 1967, 1971–73 (Section F Societies and Organisations NCUACS 15.8.89/F.186 1967–1971) – Contents: Brief correspondence, programme of 1967 AGM and Conference on Materials in Archaeology, Banbury, 22–23 September. Frank was awarded the Club's A. A. Griffith Medal. With a copy of Frank's speech. Brief correspondence and papers, March 1972. Frank was a member of the Awards Sub-Committee which selected the Griffith medallist for 1972. Correspondence, programme of 10th Anniversary meeting, Great Malvern, 24–26 October 1973.