Franz Götz (28 January 1913 – 4 May 1980) was a German Luftwaffemilitary aviator and wing commander during World War II. As a fighter ace, he is credited with 63 enemy aircraft shot down in 766 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Western Front, including five four-engined bombers, with nineteen claims over the Eastern Front.
World War II in Europe had begun on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. From 2–16 January 1940, Götz and other pilots from III. Gruppe went on a ski vacation to Vorarlberg (Austria).[3] On 11 March 1940, he became witness to Wilcke's second aerial victory which was claimed near the "three-nations-corner" north of Metz during the "Phoney War" period of World War II.[4] The Battle of France, the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, began on 10 May 1940. On 14 May, he engaged in aerial combat with French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters and claimed one of the aircraft shot down.[5] On 26 May, III. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Lor.[6] The next day, Götz claimed an aerial victory over a M.S.406 shot down 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) south of Creil.[7] His wingman UnteroffizierErnst Poschenrieder also filed claim for this French aircraft, but the claim was later credited to Götz.[8]
A Bf 109 E-1 of JG 53, similar to those flown by Götz at the time.
On 5 June, German forced launched Fall Rot (Case Red), the second phase of the conquest of France. That day, Götz claimed his fourth aerial victory, a Potez 63 destroyed over the Noyon-Compiègne combat area.[9] The following day, III. Gruppe engaged in combat with twelve French Bloch MB.152 fighters near Soissons.[10] For the loss of one pilot taken prisoner of war, four aerial victories were claimed by III. Gruppe pilots, including one of which credited to Götz.[11] On 9 June, Army Group A began its attack on Rethel and Soissons in an attempt to cross the Aisne.[10] In support of this attack, Götz claimed a Curtiss P-36 Hawk fighter shot down near Rethel and Attigny.[12] On 10 and 11 June, JG 53 flew multiple combat missions in the combat area of the Aisne near Reims. There on 11 June, Götz claimed his last aerial victory during the Battle of France when he shot down a MB.152 fighter aircraft.[13]
During the Battle of Britain, Götz claimed his seventh aerial victory on 8 September 1940 after he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and assigned to the 9. Staffel. That day, JG 53 escorted bombers to London and he was credited with shooting down a Royal Air Force (RAF) Hawker Hurricane fighter.[14] At the time, 9. Staffel was under the command of Oberleutnant Jakob Stoll.[15] On 15 September, also known as the Battle of Britain Day, Götz shot down another Hurricane during III. Gruppe's second mission of the day when they encountered approximately 25 to 30 RAF fighters near Tonbridge.[16] Two days later, II. and III. Gruppe of JG 53 flew missions over southeast England where they engaged in combat with RAF fighters from No. 501, No. 41 and No. 611 Squadron. During this encounter, Stoll was shot down and posted as missing in action.[16] In consequence, Götz was appointed Staffelkapitän of 9. Staffel.[17] The next day, JG 53 flew three bomber escort missions to London. That day, Götz was credited with his ninth aerial victory when he shot down a Supermarine Spitfire fighter.[18] On 14 November, Götz was awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe).[1]
III. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Channel Front on 19 December and moved to Mönchengladbach. There, the Gruppe was replenished while the pilots were sent on a skiing holiday until late January 1941. They then received a full complement of Bf 109 F-2 aircraft. The pilots continued to train and familiarize themselves with this new aircraft before on 18 March, III. Gruppe was again ordered to the English Channel where they were based at Berck-sur-Mer.[19] On 7 May, Götz claimed a Spitfire shot down near Dover during an afternoon mission. This was his last claim at the English Channel.[20]
Operation Barbarossa
On 8 June 1941, the bulk of JG 53's air elements moved via Jever, in northern Germany, to Mannheim-Sandhofen. There the aircraft were given a maintenance overhaul prior to moving east.[21] On 12 June, III. Gruppe was ordered to transfer to a forward airfield at Sobolewo. On 21 June, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 53 and its Gruppenkommandeure were summoned to nearby Suwałki, where Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) Albert Kesselring gave the final instructions for the upcoming attack. Wilcke, who had been appointed Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe on 12 August 1940,[15] briefed his pilots that evening.[22]
On 22 June, the Geschwader crossed into Soviet airspace in support of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, which opened the Eastern Front.[23] That late afternoon, Götz claimed a Kochyerigin DI-6 shot down.[24] On 25 June, III. Gruppe had moved to Vilna and Götz claimed the destruction of a Tupolev SB bomber.[24][25] By 25 July, III. Gruppe had moved to a forward airfield at Wjardina.[26] The next day, Götz was credited with four aerial victories, a Petlyakov Pe-2 and three Ilyushin DB-3 bombers.[27]
III. Gruppe began returning to Germany in early October 1941. The air elements left the Soviet Union on 4 October, while the ground units were transported back by train to Mannheim on 13 October. Since 22 June 1941, III. Gruppe had claimed 769 aerial victories for the loss of 6 pilots killed, 7 missing in action, 2 captured and 12 wounded.[28] Following the return, he received the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold), awarded on 15 October 1941.[29]
North Africa, Malta and Italy
Messerschmitt Bf 109G's of JG 53 in southern Italy
On 20 May 1942, III. Gruppe was transferred from Sicily to North Africa where the Gruppe was initially based at Martuba Airbase and placed under the command of Major Erich Gerlitz.[30] Götz claimed his first aerial victory in this theater on 10 June when he shot down a Spitfire in area of Bir Hakeim.[31] He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 4 September 1942 after 40 aerial victories.[32] On 27 October 1942, while the Second Battle of El Alamein was still raging, III. Gruppe was withdrawn from North Africa and flown out to Taranto. In the timeframe from 20 May to 27 October, the Gruppe had claimed 113 aerial victories for the loss of eleven pilots killed in action, two missing in action, four taken prisoner of war, and ten pilots wounded.[33] Following the return from North Africa, III. Gruppe received 42 factory new Bf 109 G-4 trop, the first Gruppe of JG 53 to receive this aircraft. The Gruppe then moved to Sicily where they were based at Santo Pietro. There on 1 November, Götz claimed a Spitfire shot down 20 kilometres (12 miles) east of Gozo[34] Sometime in November 1942, he then replaced Gerlitz as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 53. Command of 9. Staffel was then passed on to OberleutnantHans Röhrig.[35]
From 2 September to 20 September 1943, command of III. Gruppe was temporarily passed to HauptmannJürgen Harder.[36] On 22 January 1944, Allied forces launched Operation Shingle, the amphibious landing in the area of Anzio and Nettuno.[37] In defense of this attack, III. Gruppe was ordered to move from Villorba in northern Italy to Orvieto closer to the combat area.[38] Götz claimed his last aerial victories in Italy on 26 May. On a reconnaissance mission north of Anzio, he was credited with two Spitfire fighters shot down near Marta.[39] Three days later, III. Gruppe began its withdrawal from the Anzio combat area, arriving in Maniago on 2 June.[40]
Defense of the Reich
On 28 June 1944, III. Gruppe arrived by train in Bad Lippspringe where they would be based for flying missions in Defense of the Reich. There, the Gruppe was assigned a number of inexperienced pilots directly coming from the Ergänungsgruppe, the supplementary training unit of JG 53. Over the next weeks, Götz and his squadron leaders further trained and prepared these pilots for their first combat missions.[41] The Gruppe received a full complement of Bf 109 G-6 aircraft, most of them equipped with the 20 mm MG 151/20 underwing gun pod. Götz ordered these gun pods removed as the additional weight had an adverse effect on the handling qualities, reducing the Bf 109s performance in fighter-versus-fighter combat.[42] He claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber on 24 August 1944 over the Lüneburger Heide.[43]
In preparation for Operation Bodenplatte, a failed attempt to gain air superiority during the stagnant stage of the Battle of the Bulge, the bulk of JG 53, with exception of III. Gruppe, was tasked with attacking the USAAF airfield at Metz-Frescaty Air Base. III. Gruppe was given the objective to attack the Étain Airfield, an airfield located approximately 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Metz. Götz briefed his pilots at the airfield in Kirrlach of the upcoming mission and its objectives on the evening 31 December 1944. Every pilot had to sign a "contract" stating that they would make at least three strafing attacks on the target.[44] III. Gruppe took off at Kirrlach at 08:30 on 1 January 1945 with a Junkers Ju 88 guiding them to target.[45] In the vicinity of Kaiserslautern, the Gruppe came under attack by Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters which shot down, or significantly damaged, twelve aircraft so that they had to make a forced landing, none of the pilots were killed in the encounter. In return, III. Gruppe pilots claimed one of the P-47 fighters shot down, plus a further probable destruction was filed.[46] On 17 January 1945, Götz transferred command of III. Gruppe to Hauptmann Siegfried Luckenbach.[47]
Wing commander of Jagdgeschwader 26
On 28 January 1945, Götz was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 26 (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing), based at Fürstenau. He replaced OberstJosef Priller who was transferred to a staff position with the Inspector of Fighters.[48] According to Weal, Götz claimed seven aerial victories while flying with JG 26.[49] Due to the deteriorating war situation, on 25 March, Götz was forced to disband III. Gruppe of JG 26 at Delmenhorst, the aircraft and pilots were split among the three remaining groups.[50] Less than three weeks later, VI. Gruppe was ordered to disband at Stade on 9 April, the remaining operational aircraft were transferred to I. and II. Gruppe.[51]
Emblem of JG 26
On 3 May 1945, the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) moved to Flensburg Airfield. The next day, the German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, the unconditional surrender of the German forces in the Netherlands, northwest Germany including all islands, in Denmark and all naval ships in those areas was signed. That evening, at 23:50, GeneralfeldmarschallRobert Ritter von Greim, the newly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered Götz to relocate JG 26 to either Prague or Norway, in order to continue fighting against the Soviet Union.[52] On 4 May, II. Gruppe was based at Husum. The Gruppe was already without its commander, Haupmann Paul Schauder had been taken prisoner of war on 1 May. The pilots debated over von Greim's order. While half of them chose to remain at Husum and surrendered to the British, approximately ten pilots attempted to fly to Norway. However, most of them only reached Denmark due to lack of fuel.[53] I. Gruppe, under the command of MajorKarl Borris, surrendered on 6 May at Flensburg.[54]
Sometime in March 1945, Götz was assigned Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-13/R11 "Yellow 10" (Werknummer 836017—factory number). This aircraft was surrendered to the British at Flensburg, in Northern Germany. Shortly after the war the British became interested in the performance and evaluation of the advanced German Fw 190 D-13. While at Flensburg the British Disarmament Wing wanted to see how this fighter would perform against one of their best, a Hawker Tempest. Squadron Leader Evans approached MajorHeinz Lange and asked him to fly a mock combat against one of their pilots. Lange accepted, even though he had only 10 flights in a D-9.[55] The mock dogfight was conducted at an altitude of 10,000 ft (3,000 m), with only enough fuel for the flight and no ammunition. In the end the machines were evenly matched. Lange assessed that the outcome of such a contest greatly depended on the skills of the individual pilot. At the time Lange was not aware that he was flying a D-13 but rather assumed a D-9. "Yellow 10" was further subjected to mock combat when on 25 June 1945 OberleutnantGünther Josten was asked to fly a comparison flight against another Tempest.[55] This very rare Fw 190 D-13/R11 is now on display at the Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum in Everett, Washington, which recently had its Junkers Jumo 213 engine made operable once more. However, it will not be flown again.[56]
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Götz was credited with 63 aerial victories.[59] Obermaier also lists him with 63 aerial victories, claimed in 766 combat missions, 19 on the Eastern Front and 44 on the Western Front, including five four-engined bombers.[1] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he claimed more than 55 aerial victories, plus two further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 21 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and over 34 on the Western Front, including at least three four-engined bombers. The alleged seven aerial victories claimed by Götz whilst flying with JG 26 cannot be verified via the German Federal Archives.[60]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ AO". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[61]
Chronicle of aerial victories
This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Götz did not receive credit.
This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim
Date
Time
Type
Location
Claim
Date
Time
Type
Location
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[62] Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer[in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN978-3-7909-0284-6.
Kilian, Dieter (2018). Bibel – Kirche – Militär. Christentum und Soldatsein im Wandel der Zeit [Bible – Church – Military. Christianity and being a Soldier through the Ages] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany. ISBN978-3-7528-9166-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN978-1-906592-19-6.
Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN978-3-87341-065-7.
Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN978-3-931533-45-8.
Prien, Jochen (1991). Pik-As: Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 53 — 3 — Das Ende in Italien 1944, Rumänien, Ungarn 1944/45, Einsatz zur Verteidigung des Reiches 1943–1945 [Ace of Spades: History of the Fighter Wing 53 — 3 — The End in Italy 1944, Romania, Hungary 1944/45, Defense of the Reich 1943–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-16-8.
Prien, Jochen (1997). Jagdgeschwader 53: A History of the "Pik As" Geschwader March 1937 – May 1942. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN978-0-7643-0175-9.
Prien, Jochen (1998). Jagdgeschwader 53 A History of the "Pik As" Geschwader May 1942 – January 1944. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN978-0-7643-0292-3.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-61-8.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/II—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/II—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-64-9.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-70-0.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-74-8.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2011). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1 bis 31 December 1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-942943-00-0.
Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-942943-21-5.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried; Balke, Ulf (2021). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 14—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 15.9.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 14—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 15 September 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-942943-24-6.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN978-3-938845-17-2.
