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FCS-2
	FCS-2-31 on JDS Hayabusa
Country of origin	Japan
Introduced	1979
Type	Tracking
Frequency	X band

Type 81 Fire Control System (FCS-2) is a Japanese shipboard gun and missile fire-control system. This series of systems has been installed on destroyers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force built between FY1977 and FY2001 to control medium-caliber guns and Sea Sparrow missiles,^[2]^[3] including ESSM.^[4]

Background

In the 1960s, the Technical Research and Development Institute (技術研究本部, Gijutsu-kenkyū-honbu) had been developing FCS-1, a traditional manned ship gun fire-control system. Then, in response to the sinking of Eilat in 1967, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force began to focus on improving anti-ship missile defense (ASMD) capabilities. Since FY1970, the TRDI began to develop the Compact fire-control system (小型射撃指揮装置, Kogata-shageki-shiki-souchi), a new ASMD-capable FCS.^[3]^[4]

In FY1975, a prototype was installed in JDS Murakumo with an OTO Melara 76 mm compact gun, and a marine test was started. In the initial plan, it was to be introduced into service with the Shirane-class destroyer built under the FY1975 program, but it was abandoned due to development delay and dutch WM-25 was installed for this class. In order to solve this plan delay, special work groups were formed in 1978 with uniformed officials and civilian engineers. As they conducted vigorous research and fierce shooting experiments of hundreds of shots a day, shooting accuracy improved dramatically and all problems were solved.^[3]^[4]

Design

In the prototype, there were two antennas for track while scan operation: slotted waveguide antenna for searching and cassegrain antenna for tracking. Both antennas were covered with a radome. Also outside of the radome, an electro-optical tracker was installed. As a fire-control computer, digital electronic computer was installed instead of an electromechanical analog computer of the FCS-1. ^[2]^[3]^[4]

Mass production versions were put into service with destroyers and destroyer escorts built under the FY1977 program. On the Hatsuyuki-class destroyer, a combination of one FCS-2-12 and one FCS-2-21 was adopted at the beginning. FCS-2-12 is very similar to the prototype, but adds a missile guidance function. FCS-2-21A is a simplified version specialized in gun fire-control, adding an electro-optical tracker on the left side of tracking radar antenna and omitting the search radar antenna.^[4] And a FCS-2-21B was installed on the destroyer escort Ishikari, which introduced a Passive electronically scanned array antenna instead of a cassegrain antenna and was capable of searching. Then many minor change models were developed.^[3]

In the second-generation DDs, two FCS-2-31 are installed, not a combination of two heterogeneous models.^[3] In this model, a dish similar to 2-21A controls both a medium-caliber gun and Sea Sparrow missiles.^[2]

FCS-2-21A on board JDS Yamayuki
FCS-2-12: radome and electro-optical tracker
Rear view of a FCS-2-31 on board JDS Kirisame

Operators

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

Helicopter destroyers (DDH; both class were retrofitted at later dates)
- Haruna-class
- Shirane-class
Guided missile destroyers (DDG)
- JDS Amatsukaze (retrofitted at a later date)
- JDS Sawakaze
- Hatakaze-class
- Kongō-class
General-purpose destroyers (DD/DDA)
- Takatsuki-class (retrofitted at later dates)
- Hatsuyuki-class
- Asagiri-class
- Murasame-class
- Takanami-class
Destroyer escorts (DE)
Minor surface combatants and auxiliary ships

References

^ Wertheim 2013, p. 358.
^ ^a ^b ^c Friedman 1997, p. 313.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Tada 1997.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kōda 2015, pp. 170–172.

Bibliography

Friedman, Norman (1997). The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems, 1997-1998. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781557502681.
Kōda, Yōji [in Simple English] (December 2015). "History of Domestic Built Destroyers of JMSDF". Ships of the World (in Japanese) (827). Kaijin-sha. NAID 40020655404.
Tada, Tomohiko (November 1997). "Maritime Self-Defense Force FCS development history -2-". Military Research (in Japanese). 32 (11). Japan Military Review: 204–222. NAID 40000812861.
Wertheim, Eric (2013). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World (16th ed.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591149545.