Extreme points of Canada

An enlargeable topographic map of Canada

The northernmost point of land within the boundaries of Canada is Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut 83.111°N 69.972°W / 83.111; -69.972 (Cape Columbia, Nunavut).^[1][2] The northernmost point of the Canadian mainland is Zenith Point on Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut 72.002°N 94.655°W / 72.002; -94.655 (Zenith Point, Nunavut).^[1] The southernmost point is Middle Island, in Lake Erie, Ontario (41°41′N 82°40′W); the southernmost water point lies just south of the island, on the Ontario–Ohio border (41°40′35″N). The southernmost point of the Canadian mainland is Point Pelee, Ontario 41.909°N 82.509°W / 41.909; -82.509 (Point Pelee, Ontario).^[1] The lowest point is sea level at 0 m,^[3] whilst the highest point is Mount Logan, Yukon, at 5,959 m / 19,550 ft 60.567°N 140.405°W / 60.567; -140.405 (Mount Logan, Yukon).^[1]

The westernmost point is Boundary Peak 187 (60°18′22.929″N 141°00′7.128″W) at the southern end of the Yukon–Alaska border, which roughly follows 141°W but leans very slightly east as it goes North 60.301°N 141.010°W / 60.301; -141.010 (Boundary Peak 187).^[4][1] The easternmost point is Cape Spear, Newfoundland (47°31′N 52°37′W) 47.523°N 52.619°W / 47.523; -52.619 (Cape Spear, Newfoundland).^[1] The easternmost point of the Canadian mainland is Elijah Point, Cape St. Charles, Labrador (52°13′N 55°37′W) 52.217°N 55.621°W / 52.217; -55.621 (Elijah Point, Labrador).^[1]

Below includes a list of extreme and significant points of the geography of Canada.^[1][2]

All Canada

Cape Spear

Middle Island

Boundary Peak 187

Cape Columbia

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Extreme points of Canada

• Northernmost point — Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut 83°6′41″N 69°57′30″W
• Southernmost point — South point of Middle Island, Ontario, in Lake Erie 41°40′53″N 82°40′56″W
• Easternmost point — Cape Spear, Newfoundland 47°31′25″N 52°37′10″W
• Westernmost point — Boundary Peak 187,^[5] Yukon 60°18′23″N 141°0′7″W

Non-insular (mainland) Canada

• Northernmost point — Zenith Point, Nunavut 72°0′0″N 94°38′59″W
• Southernmost point — Point Pelee, Ontario 41°54′33″N 82°30′32″W
• Easternmost point — Cape Saint Charles, Labrador 52°13′3″N 55°37′15″W
• Westernmost point — Boundary Peak 187,^[5] Yukon 60°18′23″N 141°0′7″W

Highest points

• Mount Logan^{[note 1][6][7]} Yukon 60°34′33″N 140°24′10″W — highest Canadian summit at 5,959 m (19,551 ft)
• Barbeau Peak,^{[note 2][8][9]} Ellesmere Island, Nunavut 81°54′30″N 75°1′30″W — highest Canadian island summit and highest summit of the Canadian Arctic at 2,616 m (8,583 ft)

Lowest points

• Coastline — lowest Canadian surface point at sea level^{[citation needed]}
• Great Slave Lake bottom, Northwest Territories 61°40′N 114°00′W — lowest fresh water point of North America at −458 m (−1,503 feet)

Islands

• Baffin Island, Nunavut 63°33′N 65°26′W — most extensive Canadian island at 507,451 km² (195,928 square miles)
• Ellesmere Island, Nunavut 81°55′36″N 74°59′12″W — tallest Canadian island at 2,616 m (8,583 ft)
• Island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador 49°N 56°W — most extensive Canadian Atlantic island at 108,860 km² (42,031 square miles)
• Vancouver Island, British Columbia 49°30′N 125°30′W — most extensive Canadian Pacific island at 31,285 km² (12,079 square miles)
• Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron, Ontario 45°46′N 82°12′W — most extensive lake island on Earth at 2,766 km² (1,068 square miles)

Lakes

• Lake Superior, Ontario 47°45′N 87°30′W — most voluminous lake of Western Hemisphere at 11,600 km³ (2,800 cubic miles)
• Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories 61°40′N 114°00′W — deepest lake of Western Hemisphere at 614 m (2,014 ft)
• Lake Michigan–Huron, Ontario 45°49′N 84°45′W — by some considerations the most extensive lake of Western Hemisphere and the most extensive freshwater lake on Earth at 117,400 km² (45,300 sq mi)^[10]
• Nettilling Lake on Baffin Island, Nunavut 66°30′N 70°50′W — most extensive lake on an island on Earth at 5,066 km² (1,956 square miles)
• Lake Manitou on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron, Ontario 45°46′42″N 81°59′30″W — most extensive lake on an island in a lake on Earth at 104 km² (40 square miles)
• Upper Dumbell Lake on Ellesmere Island Nunavut 82°28′N 062°30′W — most northern lake, there are more northern lakes but they are all unnamed and are only shown on detailed maps.

Rivers

• Yukon River, British Columbia, Yukon, and Alaska 62°35′55″N 164°47′40″W — longest Bering Sea main stem river at 3,185 km (1,979 miles)
• Nelson River, Manitoba 57°5′5″N 92°30′8″W — longest Hudson Bay main stem river at 2,575 km (1,600 miles)
• Columbia River, British Columbia 46°14′39″N 124°3′29″W — longest Canadian Pacific Ocean main stem river at 2,000 km (1,243 miles)
• Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories 68°56′23″N 136°10′22″W — longest Canadian Arctic Ocean main stem river at 1,738 km (1,080 miles)
• Saint Lawrence River, Ontario and Quebec 49°40′N 64°30′W — longest Canadian Atlantic Ocean main stem river at 965 km (600 miles)

Extreme distances

• Greatest driving distance between any two points via the Canadian road network (including the Trans-Canada Highway Ferry): 9262 km from L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland and Labrador to Tuktoyatuk, Northwest Territories.
• Greatest driving distance between any two points via the Canadian road network (excluding the Trans-Canada Highway Ferry): 9156 km from Old Fort, Quebec to Tuktoyatuk, Northwest Territories.

See also

BC

AB

SK

MB

ON

QC

NB

PE

NS

NL

YT

NT

NU

Geography by province

• Geography of Canada
• Extreme points of North America
• Extreme points of Canadian provinces
• Extreme communities of Canada
• Nordicity
• Remote and isolated community

Notes

1. The summit of Mount Logan is the highest point of the Saint Elias Mountains, the Yukon Territory, and all of Canada.
2. The summit of Barbeau Peak is the highest point of Ellesmere Island, the Queen Elizabeth Islands, and Nunavut.

References

1. "Toporama". Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. 12 September 2016.
2. "Where is Canada in the World?". World Population by Country 2024 (Live). Retrieved October 26, 2024.
3. "Canada". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 21 June 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)
4. "141st Meridian Boundary Points". International Boundary Commission. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
5. "141st Meridian Boundary Points". International Boundary Commission. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
6. "Mount Logan". Geographical Names of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
7. "Mount Logan". Summits of the World. peakbagger.com. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
8. "Barbeau Peak". Geographical Names of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
9. "Barbeau Peak". Summits of the World. peakbagger.com. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
10. Dept. of Environmental Quality, State of Michigan

External links