The Esk Valley Line is a railway line located in the north of England, covering a total distance of approximately 35 miles (56 km),[2] running from Middlesbrough to Whitby. The line follows the course of the River Esk for much of its eastern half.
The Esk Valley Line was designated as a community rail line in July 2005, being one of seven intended pilots for the Department for Transport's Community Rail Development Strategy.
As of the December 2019 timetable change, Northern Trains run an hourly service between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe, with 6 trains (4 trains on Sundays) per day continuing to Whitby.
Predominantly, rolling stock on the Esk Valley Line consists of Class 156 and Class 158diesel multiple units, both of which were introduced in to service in the late 1980s. Previously, Class 142 'Pacer' trains mostly served the line until they were withdrawn from passenger service in 2020.[4]
The Class 156 and 158 units operating on the Esk Valley Line are currently in the process of being refurbished, with upgrades including free WiFi, power sockets, on-board passenger information displays, and an interior refresh.[5][6]
The Esk Valley Line is one of the most rural railway lines in England, with the main purpose of linking Whitby and the North York Moors with Middlesbrough.
The Esk Valley Line was once part of a significantly larger network, most of which was closed during the era of the Beeching cuts. Today's route is formed from four separate former railway lines:
Whitby Town to Grosmont
The first section of line between Whitby Town and Grosmont opened in 1835, with an extension to Pickering opening on 26 May 1836.[8]
It was originally worked by horses, before being converted in 1845, in order to be able to accommodate steam locomotives, following a takeover by the York & North Midland Railway. In 1854, the line became a part of the North Eastern Railway.
Between Saltburn and Boulby, the line is also still operational, but as a goods route for potash and rock salt from Boulby Mine.
Following the closure of the Whitby, Redcar & Middlesbrough Union Railway, additional services began to operate along the Esk Valley Line. In the summer of 1957, the line served just 6 trains per day. By the summer of 1958, there were 15 (with 6 continuing to Scarborough).[9]
The line was built in stages, opening to mineral traffic as far as Battersby on 6 April 1858, and to passenger traffic from Stokesley to Castleton Moor on 1 April 1861. The section between Grosmont and Castleton Moor was the last section of the line to be opened, with service commencing on 2 October 1865.
From Battersby, goods trains also ran south to Ingleby where a cable pulley system raised wagons up a steep incline, and across the North York Moors to iron ore workings at Rosedale and Farndale.
At various points along the route, the remains of vast earthworks forming unfinished embankments and cuttings can be seen. The line was to have one station at Stonegate, and nearby a tunnel dug using the "cut and cover" method. The only bridge completed on the line is at Rake Farm, between Lealholm and Glaisdale, at the route's junction with the Esk Valley Line.
The line is still known today as "Paddy Waddell's Railway", due to the number of Irish navvies used in its construction.
Today, Battersby serves just only one railway line, but it still takes the shape of a "Y" junction, with trains pulling into a station that is now effectively a terminus. The old line towards Picton continues on through the station, and disappears around a bend before ending. The driver has to change ends to drive towards either Middlesbrough or Whitby.
Battersby to Nunthorpe
The section of the Esk Valley Line between Battersby and Nunthorpe is the youngest section of the route. The line was constructed in 1864, with the aim of connecting the Picton to Grosmont line with the Middlesbrough to Guisborough line.
The line leaves Battersby heading east with the route towards Grosmont, before making a sharp turn north, to reach the now former line towards Guisborough at Nunthorpe Junction.
Nunthorpe to Middlesbrough
A local train running from Darlington to Saltburn, seen at Guisborough Junction in 1954
Despite its close proximity to the Picton to Battersby line, it was another 10 years before a link was built between the two. The line from Nunthorpe Junction to Guisborough closed in 1964, with only the section from Middlesbrough to Battersby remaining.
The Esk Valley Line still uses a physical token system, modified so that train drivers operate the token instruments themselves. This system of working is known as No Signalman Token Remote, and is used on other routes such as the Heart of Wales line, and the Tarka Line.
Cabinets at Whitby, Glaisdale and Battersby, and a signalman at Nunthorpe pass on key tokens to train drivers as authority to occupy specific line sections, ensuring that only one train can run on a section at a time.
Until the mid-1980s, the line from Whitby to Sleights had two tracks, but these were removed along with the passing loop at Castleton Moor. Trains can still pass at Glaisdale and Battersby, however Glaisdale is now the only station along the single track section that still regularly uses both platforms for "up" and "down" line trains.
Between Nunthorpe and Guisborough Junction, the railway has been single track since 26 January 1986, although the station at Nunthorpe still retains its passing loop with separate "up" and "down" platforms. This section is worked from the panel box at Middlesbrough, and uses track circuit block working.[12]
To allow through running of trains directly from the North Yorkshire Moors Line, an intermediate token instrument was provided at Grosmont in March 2007. This allows a token for the Glaisdale to Whitby section to be obtained, or returned, at Grosmont.
Previously, for steam services to Whitby to operate along the Esk Valley Line from the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, a signalman had to drive to Glaisdale in order to pick up, or return, a token key.
Usage
Between 2005 (when the Community Rail Partnership was formed) and May 2018, passenger numbers have increased steadily, especially on the Middlesbrough to Nunthorpe section of the track aided by an increase in the frequency of trains. Northern and the Community Rail Partnership have predicted further increases in passenger numbers, following the addition of new services in December 2019.[13]
The annual passenger usage is based on sales of tickets in stated financial years from Office of Rail and Road estimates of station usage.[15]
The statistics are for passengers arriving and departing from each station and cover twelve-month periods that start in April. Methodology may vary year on year.
Usage from the 2020-21 period was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
A proposed park and ride station, located between Nunthorpe and Great Ayton, has been suggested by a joint project of local councils. The Roseberry Parkway station would aim to serve over 70,000 people, and seek to encourage car drivers out of their cars to alleviate the gridlock on the roads leading into Middlesbrough.
The project aims to increase services into Middlesbrough to half-hourly, and double the number of trains on the Esk Valley Line to Whitby.[17]
Following the December 2019 timetable change, Arriva Rail North introduced two additional return trips on the line on weekdays and Saturdays. The first of these operates in the morning, to allow commuting from Whitby to Middlesbrough, with the second providing a later evening service.[18]
^Hoole, K. (1957). "Railway History between Pickering and Whitby". British Railways Magazine (North Eastern Region). Vol. 8, no. 9. London: British Railways. pp. 242–243.
^"British Summer Timetables". Railway Magazine. Vol. 104, no. 686. June 1958. p. 382.
Body, G. (1988), PSL Field Guides – Railways of the Eastern Region Volume 2, Patrick Stephens Ltd, Wellingborough, ISBN1-85260-072-1
Further reading
Hunt, John (9–22 April 1997). "The Esk Valley – a rattling good ride!". RAIL. No. 302. EMAP Apex Publications. pp. 34–38. ISSN0953-4563. OCLC49953699.
Hunt, John (23 April – 6 May 1997). "A bright future for the Esk Valley". RAIL. No. 303. EMAP Apex Publications. pp. 58–63. ISSN0953-4563. OCLC49953699.
