Ernst Süß

Ernst Süß
Born(1912-08-31)31 August 1912
Possessern, Kingdom of Prussia (now Poland)
Died20 December 1943(1943-12-20) (aged 31)
Oldenburg, Nazi Germany
Cause of deathKilled in action
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–1943
RankOberleutnant (first lieutenant)
UnitJG 52, JG 50, JG 11
Commands9./JG 52, 9./JG 11
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Ernst Süß (31 August 1912 – 20 December 1943) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. During his career he was credited with 68 aerial victories.

Career

Süß was born on 31 August 1912 in Possessern, at the time in East Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia within the German Empire, present-day Pozezdrze in northern Poland.[1] As a reserve pilot, he was appointed to join 9./Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) as an Unteroffizier. With this unit he participated in the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain, without achieving any victory confirmed in this period.

The rise of General Ion Antonescu in Romania in 1940 led to a reorganization of his country's armed forces. In this, he was supported by a military mission from Germany, the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) under the command of Generalleutnant (equivalent to major general) Wilhelm Speidel [de].[2][3] III. Gruppe of JG 52 was transferred to Bucharest in mid-October and temporarily renamed I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 28 (JG 28—28th Fighter Wing) until 4 January 1941.[4] Its primary task was to train Romanian Air Force personnel.[2][5] Here, Süß joined the trio of Hermann Graf, Alfred Grislawski and Heinrich Füllgrabe. Later, Leopold Steinbatz and Edmund Roßmann joined as well.[2]

War against the Soviet Union

9. Staffel also known as the Karaya-Staffel

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was back in Bucharest by mid-June.[5] There, the unit was again subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien and reequipped with the new, more powerful Bf 109F-4 model. On 21 June, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești.[6] Prior to the invasion, Major Gotthard Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).[7]

In the months following the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the 9./JG 52, later dubbed the Karaya Quartet, became one of the most successful units of the Luftwaffe. Süß flew alongside Graf, Grislawski and Füllgrabe. He claimed his first victory on 8 August 1941 and in the next twelve months, fighting in the Caucasus and the Battle of Stalingrad, Süß reached a series of victories against the Soviets, for which he was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 4 May 1942,[8] the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 29 June 1942. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) was awarded to him on 4 September 1942 following 50 aerial victories claimed.[9]

On 22 July 1942, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 52, Major Herbert Ihlefeld, was severely injured in a flight accident and had to surrender command during his convalescence. In consequence, Major Gordon Gollob, the commander of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing), temporarily took over command of JG 52 as acting Geschwaderkommodore. [10] On 17 August, Gollob was ordered dispatch one Schwarm, a flight of four aircraft, of every III. Gruppe squadron to the Don-bend. The pilots selected for this mission included Süß, Graf and Füllgrabe.[11]

In the spring of 1943, Süß was transferred to the Ergänzungsgruppe Ost, where he remained a long time as an instructor. With this unit he attained his 64th and last victory on the Eastern front on 31 May 1943.

Defense of the Reich

In response to political humiliation caused by de Havilland Mosquito bombing raids into Germany, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered the formation of two specialized high-altitude Luftwaffe units. These units were Jagdgeschwader 25, commanded by Major Herbert Ihlefeld, and Jagdgeschwader 50, commanded by his friend Graf.[12][13][14][15] Graf was permitted to choose his personnel and had his friends Süß, Füllgrabe and Grislawski transferred from III. Gruppe of JG 52.[16][14]

Süß was made the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) on 7 October 1943 of 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11.[17] This unit fought in the Defense of the Reich, with which he won his last four victories.

On 20 December 1943, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) bombed Bremen. In total 546 bombers, escorted by 491 escort fighters, targeted the port of Bremen. Defending against this attack, Süß shot down a Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter but was himself shot down by USAAF fighters near Wardenburg, south of Oldenburg, in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-5 (Werknummer 15 709—factory number). Süß managed to bail out but was shot in his parachute by a USAAF pilot.[9][18][19] Posthumously, Süß was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 August 1944.[20]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Süß was credited with 68 aerial victories.[21] Spick also lists Süß with 68 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions, 60 of which claimed on the Eastern Front.[22] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 65 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim, all but one on the Eastern Front.[23]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 0683". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[24]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Süß did not receive credit.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[25]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1 8 August 1941 18:45 I-16 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Kyiv[26] 4 30 October 1941 09:40 I-16[27]
2 27 September 1941 14:20 DB-3[28] 5 8 November 1941 11:56 I-26 (Yak-1)[27]
3 23 October 1941 13:40 Pe-2[29] 6 9 November 1941 14:32 I-16[27]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[25]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942
7 6 December 1941 10:58 I-16[30] 15 28 February 1942 11:20 V-11 (Il-2)[31]
8 7 January 1942 08:15 I-16[32] 16 1 March 1942 11:43 I-26 (Yak-1)[31]
9 16 February 1942 11:12 Su-2 (Seversky) Mal-Yablonovo[33] 17 26 March 1942 16:55 I-16[34]
10 19 February 1942 08:27 I-61 (MiG-3)[35] 18 27 March 1942 10:12 I-61 (MiG-3)[34]
11 19 February 1942 08:29 I-61 (MiG-3)[35] 19 28 March 1942 06:20 I-26 (Yak-1)[34]
12 19 February 1942 11:40 Su-2 (Seversky)[35] 20 6 April 1942 06:06 I-16[34]
13 20 February 1942 08:27 I-61 (MiG-3)[35] 21 8 April 1942 11:20 I-61 (MiG-3)[34]
14 23 February 1942 12:03 I-26 (Yak-1)[31]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[23]
Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943
22 30 April 1942 16:49 I-153[36] 43 27 June 1942 07:45 MiG-1[37]
23 8 May 1942 13:23 I-16[38] 44 20 July 1942 11:40 I-16[39]
24 8 May 1942 13:28 I-61 (MiG-3)[38] 45 24 July 1942 05:05 LaGG-3[39]
25 9 May 1942 12:25 MiG-1[40] 46 6 August 1942 07:00 Il-2 PQ 0683[39]
26 9 May 1942 12:35 I-15[40] 47 12 August 1942 16:56 I-16 PQ 85721[41]
vicinity of Svobodny
27 13 May 1942 07:43 MiG-1[40] 48 15 August 1942 16:40 Yak-1 PQ 85335[42]
east of Stawropoliskaja
28 13 May 1942 16:18 MiG-1[40] 49 16 August 1942 16:51 I-16 PQ 85321[42]
vicinity of Eriwanskaja
29 13 May 1942 16:20 MiG-1[40] 50 18 August 1942 07:05 I-153 PQ 75852[42]
east of Natukhayevskaya
30 14 May 1942 07:23 MiG-1[43] 51 24 August 1942 17:20 Yak-1 PQ 59173[44]
31 17 May 1942 03:50 MiG-1[43] 52 25 August 1942 11:45 Yak-1 PQ 49272[44]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Stalingrad
—
 20 May 1942
—
 Su-2 (Seversky)[45] 53 31 August 1942 17:06 Yak-1 PQ 59252[46]
32 20 May 1942 17:33 Su-2 (Seversky)[45] 54 31 August 1942 17:12 Yak-1 PQ 59261[46]
33 28 May 1942 14:18 LaGG-3[45] 55 3 September 1942 15:55 Yak-1 PQ 59121[46]
34 29 May 1942 09:13 MiG-1[45] 56 4 September 1942 12:40 Yak-1 PQ 49317[47]
vicinity of Stalingrad
35 2 June 1942 08:29 MiG-1[48] 57 8 September 1942 15:15 Yak-1 PQ 49322[49]
vicinity of Stalingrad
36 2 June 1942 11:28 MiG-1[48] 58 1 November 1942 15:10 LaGG-3 PQ 44873[50]
37 6 June 1942 04:15 I-16[48] 59 1 November 1942 15:18 LaGG-3 PQ 44562[50]
38 9 June 1942 13:15 MiG-1[48] 60 5 November 1942 13:37 La-5 PQ 44953[51]
39 22 June 1942 06:40 MiG-1[52] 61 27 November 1942 10:15 I-16 PQ 44814[53]
40 22 June 1942 06:45 MiG-1[52] 62 5 December 1942 11:04 La-5 PQ 44732[53]
41 27 June 1942 07:20 MiG-1[37] 63 5 December 1942 13:23 Boston PQ 44724[53]
42 27 June 1942 07:40 MiG-1[37]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[54]
Eastern Front — May 1943
64 30 May 1943 15:48 B-25 PQ 34 Ost 76892[55]
vicinity of Kiyevskoye
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 –[54]
Defense of the Reich — December 1943
65 11 December 1943 12:30 P-47[56] off Norddeich

Awards

Notes

  1. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 52.[60]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 213.
  2. ^ a b c Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, pp. 23–31.
  3. ^ Weal 2004, p. 54.
  4. ^ Weal 2004, p. 55.
  5. ^ a b Weal 2004, p. 56.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 53.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 65.
  8. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 284.
  9. ^ a b Schreier 1990, p. 182.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 379.
  11. ^ Bergström et al. 2006, p. 77.
  12. ^ Forsyth 2011, pp. 24–25.
  13. ^ Weal 1999, p. 4.
  14. ^ a b Weal 2006, p. 33.
  15. ^ Musciano 1989, p. 58.
  16. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, pp. 165–174.
  17. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 589.
  18. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 564, 566, 617, 641.
  19. ^ Weal 2007, p. 62.
  20. ^ a b Dixon 2023, p. 246.
  21. ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1616.
  22. ^ Spick 1996, p. 239.
  23. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1297–1298.
  24. ^ Planquadrat.
  25. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1297.
  26. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 70.
  27. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 76.
  28. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 72.
  29. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 74.
  30. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 153.
  31. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2005, p. 157.
  32. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 154.
  33. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 155.
  34. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2005, p. 158.
  35. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2005, p. 156.
  36. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 542.
  37. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 550.
  38. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 544.
  39. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 551.
  40. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2006, p. 545.
  41. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 552.
  42. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 553.
  43. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 546.
  44. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 554.
  45. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 547.
  46. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 555.
  47. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 556.
  48. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 548.
  49. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 557.
  50. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 562.
  51. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 563.
  52. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 549.
  53. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 564.
  54. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1298.
  55. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 482.
  56. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 641.
  57. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 202.
  58. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 469.
  59. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 417.
  60. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 735.

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