Elsie Clews Parsons

Elsie Clews Parsons
Parsons aboard her schooner, the Malabar V.
Born	Elsie Worthington Clews (1875-11-27)November 27, 1875 New York City
Died	(1941-12-19)December 19, 1941 New York City
Education	Ph.D. in Sociology, Columbia University (1899)
Occupation	Anthropologist
Spouse	Herbert Parsons
Children	Elsie ("Lissa", 1901) John Edward (1903) Herbert (1909) Henry McIlvaine ("Mac", 1911)[1]
Parent(s)	Henry Clews, Lucy Madison Worthington
Relatives	James Blanchard Clews (cousin)

Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons (November 27, 1875 – December 19, 1941) was an American anthropologist, sociologist, folklorist, and feminist who studied Native American tribes—such as the Tewa and Hopi—in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. She helped found The New School.^[2] She was associate editor for The Journal of American Folklore (1918–1941), president of the American Folklore Society (1919–1920), president of the American Ethnological Society (1923–1925), and was elected the first female president of the American Anthropological Association (1941) right before her death.^[3][4][5]

She earned her bachelor's degree from Barnard College in 1896.^[6] She received her master's degree (1897) and Ph.D. (1899) from Columbia University.^[3]

Every other year, the American Ethnological Society awards the Elsie Clews Parsons Prize for the best graduate student essay, in her honor.^[7][8]

Biography

Elsie Worthington Clews was the daughter of Henry Clews, a wealthy New York banker, and Lucy Madison Worthington. Her brother, Henry Clews Jr., was an artist. On September 1, 1900, in Newport, Rhode Island,^[9] she married future three-term progressive Republican congressman Herbert Parsons, an associate and political ally of President Teddy Roosevelt.^[10] When her husband was a member of Congress, she published two then-controversial books under the pseudonym John Main.^[11]

Parsons became interested in anthropology in 1910.^[4] She believed that folklore was a key to understanding a culture and that anthropology could be a vehicle for social change.^[12]

Her work Pueblo Indian Religion is considered a classic; here she gathered all her previous extensive work and that of other authors.^[13] It is, however, marred by intrusive and deceptive research techniques^[which?].^[14][15][16]

Feminist ideas

Parsons' feminist beliefs were viewed as extremely radical for her time. She was a proponent of trial marriages, divorce by mutual consent and access to reliable contraception, which she wrote about in her book The Family (1906).^[17]

Works

Early works of sociology

• The Family (1906)
• Religious Chastity (1913)
• The Old-Fashioned Woman (1913)
• Fear and Conventionality (1914)
  • Parsons, Elsie Clews (1997). Fear and Conventionality. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64746-3.
• Social Freedom (1915)
• Social Rule (1916)

Anthropology

• The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexico (1929)
• Hopi and Zuni Ceremonialism (1933)
• Pueblo Indian Religion (1939)

Ethnographies

• Mitla: Town of the Souls (1936)
• Peguche (1945)

Research in folklore

• Folk-Lore from the Cape Verde Islands (1923)
• Folk-Lore of the Sea Islands, S.C. (1924)
• Micmac Folklore (1925)
• Folk-Lore of the Antilles, French and English (3v., 1933–1943)

Reprints

• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1992). North American Indian Life: Customs and Traditions of 23 Tribes. Dover Publications (First edition, 1922). ISBN 978-0-486-27377-8.
• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1996). Taos Tales. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-28974-8.
• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1994). Tewa Tales. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-1452-6.
• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1996). Pueblo Indian Religion. 2 vols. Introductions by Ramon Gutierrez and Pauline Turner Strong. Bison Books reprint. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.

See also

• Ruth Benedict
• Franz Boas
• Cape Verdean Creole
• Château de la Napoule
• History of feminism
• List of Barnard College people
• Zora Neale Hurston
• Mabel Dodge Luhan
• Margaret Mead
• Pueblo clown
• Taos Pueblo

References

1. "Behavioral Psychologist Henry McIlvaine Parsons, 92, Dies". The Washington Post. 2004-08-01.
2. Spier, Leslie, and A. L. Kroeber. "Elsie Clews Parsons"], American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 45, No. 2, Centenary of the American Ethnological Society (April–June 1943), pp. 244–255. JSTOR 663274.
3. Del Monte, Kathleen; Karen Bachman; Catherine Klein; Bridget McCourt (1999-03-19). "Elsie Clews Parsons". Celebration of Women Anthropologists. University of South Florida. Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
4. "Elsie Clews Parsons Papers". American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
5. Gladys E. Reichard. "Elsie Clews Parsons". The Journal of American Folklore. Vol. 56, No. 219, Elsie Clews Parsons Memorial Number (January–March 1943), pp. 45–48.
6. Babcock, Barbara A.; Parezo, Nancy J. (1988). Daughters of the Desert: Women Anthropologists and the Native American Southwest, 1880–1980. University of New Mexico Press. pp. 15. ISBN 978-0-8263-1087-3.
7. "Elsie Clews Parsons Prize". AESonline.org. American Ethnological Society. 2012-02-01. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
8. "2007 Elsie Clews Parsons Prize for Best Graduate Student Paper". AESonline.org. American Ethnological Society. 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
9. "Miss Clews is Married". The New York Times. Newport, Massachusetts. 1900-09-02. p. 5. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
10. Kennedy, Robert C. "Cartoon of the Day". HarpWeek. HarpWeek, LLC. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
11. "Parsons, Elsie Clews". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
12. "Revolt, They Said". andreageyer.info. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
13. Gladys A. Reichard (June 20, 1950). The Elsie Clews Parsons collection Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society vol. 94, No. 3, Studies of Historical Documents in the Library of the American Philosophical Society. pp. 308–309.
14. Strong, Pauline (2013). "Parsons, Elsie Clews". Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology, ed. R. Jon McGee and Richard L. Warms. 2: 609–612.
15. Grande, Sandy (2015). Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought (10th anniversary [2nd] ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 190. ISBN 9781610489881.
16. Jacobs, Margaret D. (1999). Engendered encounters: feminism and Pueblo cultures, 1879–1934. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 102. ISBN 978-0-8032-7609-3.
17. Eby, Clare Virginia (2014). Until Choice Do Us Part. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. preface. ISBN 978-0-226-08597-5.

Further reading

• Poling-Kempes, Lesley (2015). Ladies of the Canyons A League of Extraordinary Women and Their Adventures in the American Southwest. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-2494-5.
• Adams, William Y. (2016-09-02). The Boasians: Founding Fathers and Mothers of American Anthropology. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7618-6803-3.
• Deacon, Desley (1999). Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-13908-1.
• Hare, Peter H. (1985). A Woman's Quest for Science: A Portrait of Anthropologist Elsie Clews Parsons. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-274-3.
• Spier, Leslie; Kroeber, A. L. (1943). "Elsie Clews Parsons". American Anthropologist. 45 (2): 244–255. doi:10.1525/aa.1943.45.2.02a00090. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 663274.
• Zumwalt, Rosemary Lévy (1992). Wealth and Rebellion: Elsie Clews Parsons, Anthropologist and Folklorist. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-01909-8.

External links

• Elsie Clews Parsons Papers at the American Philosophical Society
• Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons collection, 1883-1894 at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University, New York, NY
• Elsie Clews Parsons, The Journal of a Feminist by Professor Catherine Lavender, City University of New York
• Elsie Clews Parsons, Minnesota State University, Mankato
• Stacy A. Cordery. "Review of Desley Deacon, Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life," H-Women, H-Net Reviews, November, 1998.
• Working Woman by Tanya Luhrmann, The New York Times
• Works by or about Elsie Clews Parsons at the Internet Archive