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Edward Fortunatus of Baden
Edward Fortunatus of Baden
	Edward Fortunatus of Baden
Born	17 September 1565; London
Died	8 June 1600 (aged 34); Castle Kastellaun
Noble family	House of Zähringen
Spouse(s)	Maria van Eicken
Father	Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
Mother	Cecilia Vasa

Edward Fortunatus (or in German Eduard Fortunat) of Baden (17 September 1565 – 8 June 1600) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and Baden-Baden.

Life and work

Born in London, Edward was the son of Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and Swedish Princess Cecilia Vasa. He received his name from Queen Elizabeth I of England, who was his godmother.^[1] He spent his first year at Hampton Court Palace, England.

When his father died in 1575, he became the Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. His guardian, Duke William V of Bavaria, gave him a Catholic upbringing and in 1584 he converted from Lutheranism to Catholicism,^[2] as his mother had already done.

The strife between Catholics and Protestants divided Edward's family, and on 18 November 1589 he hosted a colloquy in the Town Hall at Baden to discuss the relative claims of Catholicism (represented by Johann Pistorius), Lutheranism (represented by Andreä and Jacob Heerbrand), and Calvinism, represented by Schyrius, but it caused only a hardening of viewpoints.^[3]^[4]

On 13 March 1591 in Brussels he made a non-church marriage with Maria van Eicken (1569 – 21 April 1636), daughter of Joos vander Eycken, the Governor of Breda, which he regularised only on 14 May 1593,^[5] after she had borne him a daughter. They ultimately had four children but due in part to his wife's lesser antecedents they were never recognised as his heirs by Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, who succeeded him.^[6]

In 1587 he visited his relatives in Sweden, and accompanied his cousin Sigismund III Vasa, King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (and also later King of Sweden) to Poland and in 1588 was appointed by him to head the Polish customs and mines. The same year he inherited Baden-Baden, reuniting it with Baden-Rodemachern. However, he treated the Lutherans harshly and squandered the resources of the territory, and his marriage and children were not approved of by his relatives.^[3] In 1594 therefore a relative, Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, took over the whole of Baden-Baden. (Edward's sons were only reinstated in 1622 after the Battle of Wimpfen, when their Catholicism gave them an advantage.^[7]^[8])

Edward inherited debts from his parents and aggravated them.^[9] After losing his margravate, he lived in various castles and attempted to raise money by coining money,^[10] alchemy and black magic, bringing Paul Pestalozzi of Clavella and Mascarello of Chio from Padua to assist him, and succeeded in causing pain to Ernest Frederick by sticking pins in a wax effigy.^[11] He is also reported as having sought to have Ernest Frederick killed by poisoning.^[12]^[13] He also supposedly seduced and caused the death of the daughter of his castellan at the Yburg, which is now ruined and haunted by her ghost.^[14]

In 1597 he was sent to Germany to recruit mercenaries on behalf of the Government of Spain.^[15] In 1598 he participated in his cousin Sigismund's attempt to regain Sweden from his uncle Charles IX and in the Battle of Stångebro. Edward was captured and briefly imprisoned by the Danes.^[16]

He died in 1600 at Castle Kastellaun as a result of falling down a stone staircase, possibly while drunk.^[17]

Children

Anna Maria Lukretia (1592–1654)
William (1593–1677), later the Margrave of Baden
Hermann Fortunatus (1595–1665)
Albrecht Karl of Baden-Baden (1598–1626)

Ancestors

Ancestors of Edward Fortunatus

16. Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden

8. Christopher I, Margrave of Baden-Baden

17. Catherine of Austria

4. Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden

18. Philip II of Katzenelnbogen

9. Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen

19. Ottilie of Nassau-Siegen

2. Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern

20. Anthony I, Count of Ligny

10. Charles I, Count of Ligny

21. Françoise de Croÿ-Chimay

5. Franziska of Luxemburg-Brienne

22. Jaques d'Estouteville

11. Charlotte d'Estouteville

23. Gilette de Coëtivy

1. Edward Fortunatus

24. Johan Kristersson Vasa

12. Erik Johansson Vasa

25. Birgitta Gustafsdotter Sture

6. Gustav I of Sweden

26. Måns Karlsson Eka

13. Cecilia Månsdotter

27. Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér)

3. Princess Cecilia of Sweden

28. Abraham Kristiernsson Leijonhuvud

14. Erik Abrahamsson Leijonhufvud

29. Birgitta Månsdotter

7. Margareta Leijonhufvud

30. Erik Karlsson Vasa

15. Ebba Eriksdotter Vasa

31. Anna Karlsdotter Vinstorpa

Edward Fortunatus House of Zähringen Born: 19 February 1559 Died: 8 June 1600
Preceded by Christopher II	Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern 1575–1588	Succeeded by Philip III
Preceded by Philip II	Margrave of Baden-Baden 1588–1596	Succeeded by William

References

^ Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, biography, and Manners, in the Reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth, and James, Volume 1, Bensley, 1838, p. 437.
^ Lebensbilder aus Baden-Württemberg, Kommission für Geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg, 2005, p. 5 (German).
^ ^a ^b Charles Francis Coghlan, The Beauties of Baden-Baden and Its Environs, London: F. Coghlan, 1858, p. 14 (wrongly stating 1569).
^ John M'Clintock and James Strong, Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, Volume 8, New York: Harper, 1894, p. 237
^ Eugen von Chrismar, Genealogie des Gesammthauses Baden: vom 16. Jahrhundert bis Heute, Gotha: Friedrich Andreas Perthes, 1892, p. 124 (German).
^ Max Bauer, Die Deutsche Frau in der Vergangenheit, Berlin: Alfred Schall, n.d. [1907], p. 398 (German).
^ Cambridge Modern History, Ed. A.W. Ward, G.W. Prothero, Stanley Leathes, volume 4, The Thirty Years' War, New York: Macmillan, 1906, repr. 1911, pp. 79, 84
^ "Die Sponheimische Successionssache," Hermes, oder, Kritisches Jahrbuch der Literatur, Volume 31 (1828), 265–301, p. 289 (German).
^ von Chrismar, p. 78 (German).
^ Henry Montague Hozier and William Henry Davenport Adams, The Franco-Prussian War: Its Causes, Incidents, and Consequences, volume 2, London: William MacKenzie, 1872, p. 76
^ Charles Knox, Traditions of Western Germany: The Black Forest, the Neckar, the Odenwald, the Taunus, the Rhine, and the Moselle, volume 1, The Black Forest and Its Neighbourhood, London: Saunders and Otley, 1841, "The Image at the Yburg," pp. 167–68, 170–74
^ von Chrismar, p. 127 (German)
^ Werner Baumann, Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach: die Bedeutung der Religion für Leben und Politik eines Süddeutschen Fürsten im Zeitalter der Gegenreformation, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag, 1962, p. 76 (German).
^ Knox, pp.167–77.
^ Friedrich Back, Die Evangelische Kirche im Lande zwischen Rhein, Mosel, Nahe und Glan: Bis zum Beginn des Dreißigjährigen Krieges, Bonn: Adolph Mareus, 1872–1874, p. 518 (German)
^ von Chrismar, p. 123 (German).
^ Sharpe's London Magazine, Volume 10 (1850), p. 315.