Edward Feigenbaum

Ed Feigenbaum
Born	Edward Albert Feigenbaum (1936-01-20) January 20, 1936 (age 88) Weehawken, New Jersey
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Carnegie Mellon University (BS, PhD)
Known for	Expert systems EPAM DENDRAL project Feigenbaum test
Awards	Turing Award (1994) Computer Pioneer Award AAAI Fellow (1990)[1] ACM Fellow (2007)
Scientific career
Fields	Computer science Artificial intelligence
Institutions	Stanford University United States Air Force
Doctoral advisor	Herbert A. Simon
Doctoral students	Ramanathan V. Guha Alon Halevy[2] Peter Karp[3] Niklaus Wirth[2]
Website	ksl-web.stanford.edu/people/eaf

Edward Albert Feigenbaum (born January 20, 1936) is a computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence, and joint winner of the 1994 ACM Turing Award.^[4] He is often called the "father of expert systems."^[5][6][7][8]

Education and early life

Feigenbaum was born in Weehawken, New Jersey in 1936 to a culturally Jewish family, and moved to nearby North Bergen, where he lived until the age of 16, when he left to start college.^[9][10] His hometown did not have a secondary school of its own, and so he chose Weehawken High School for its college preparatory program.^[10][11] He was inducted into his high school's hall of fame in 1996.^[12]

Feigenbaum completed his undergraduate degree (1956), and a Ph.D. (1960),^[2][13][14] at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University). In his PhD thesis, carried out under the supervision of Herbert A. Simon, he developed EPAM, one of the first computer models of how people learn.^[15]

During undergrad years, he took a graduate-level course called "Ideas and Social Change" taught by James March. March introduced him to Herbert Simon. Feigenbaum took a course "Mathematical Models in the Social Sciences" taught by Simon, where Simon announced the Logic Theorist with "Over the Christmas holidays, Al Newell and I invented a thinking machine." Simon gave Feigenbaum a manual of IBM 701, which he read in one night. Feigenbaum later called it a "born-again experience".^[16]

Career and research

Feigenbaum completed a Fulbright fellowship at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) and in 1960 went to the University of California, Berkeley, to teach in the School of Business Administration. He joined the Stanford University faculty in 1965 as one of the founders of its computer science department.^[17] He was the director of the Stanford Computation Center from 1965 to 1968. He established the Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford University. Important projects that Feigenbaum was involved in include systems in medicine, as ACME, MYCIN, SUMEX, and Dendral. He also co-founded companies IntelliCorp and Teknowledge.

Teknowledge was founded in July 1981 by 20 computer scientists from Stanford University, MIT, and the Rand Corporation. The company's staff "represent about 1/3 of the world's high-level expertise in the design and development of knowledge systems". Its aim was to allow people without training in knowledge-engineering technology to use it for commercial and industrial applications.^[18]

In 2000, Feigenbaum became a Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at Stanford University. His former doctoral students include Peter Karp,^[3] Niklaus Wirth,^[2] and Alon Halevy.^[2]

Honors and awards

• 1984: Selected as one of the initial fellows of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI)
• 1986: Elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for pioneering contributions to knowledge engineering and expert systems technology, and for leadership in education and technology of applied artificial intelligence.
• 1994: Turing Award jointly with Raj Reddy for "pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology".
• 1997: U.S. Air Force Exceptional Civilian Service Award
• 2007: Inducted as fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)^[19][20]
• 2011: IEEE Intelligent Systems AI's Hall of Fame Archived 2011-12-16 at the Wayback Machine for "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems".^[21]
• 2012. Made fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his pioneering work in artificial intelligence and expert systems."^[22]
• 2013. IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award for "pioneering work in Artificial Intelligence, including development of the basic principles and methods of knowledge-based systems and their practical applications".

Works

• Feigenbaum, Edward; Feldman, Julian, eds. (1963). Computers and thought : a collection of articles (1 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. OCLC 593742426.^[23][24][25]
• Barr, Avron; Feigenbaum, Edward A. (1981). The Handbook of artificial intelligence, volume 1. Stanford, CA; Los Altos, CA: HeurisTech Press; William Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0-86576-004-2.
• Barr, Avron; Feigenbaum, Edward A. (1982). The Handbook of artificial intelligence, volume 2. Stanford, CA; Los Altos, CA: HeurisTech Press; William Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0-86576-006-6.
• Cohen, Paul R.; Feigenbaum, Edward A. (1982). The Handbook of artificial intelligence, volume 3. Stanford, CA; Los Altos, CA: HeurisTech Press; William Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0-86576-007-3.
• Barr, Avron; Cohen, Paul R.; Feigenbaum, Edward A. (Edward Albert) (1989). Handbook of artificial intelligence, volume 4. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-51731-6.
• Feigenbaum, Edward A.; McCorduck, Pamela (1983). The fifth generation: artificial intelligence and Japan's computer challenge to the world. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-11519-2.
• Feigenbaum, Edward A.; McCorduck, Pamela; Nii, H. P. (1988). The rise of the expert company: how visionary companies are using artificial intelligence to achieve higher productivity and profits. London: Macmillan London. ISBN 978-0-333-49659-6.

References

1. Elected AAAI Fellows
2. Edward Albert Feigenbaum at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
3. Karp, Peter Dornin (1988). Hypothesis Formation and Qualitative Reasoning in Molecular Biology. dtic.mil (PhD thesis). Stanford University. doi:10.1609/aimag.v11i4.859. OCLC 20463112. Archived from the original on June 9, 2017.
4. David Alan Grier. (Oct.-Dec. 2013). "Edward Feigenbaum [interview]." Annals of the History of Computing. p. 74-81.
5. "Edward Feigenbaum 2012 Fellow". Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
6. Feigenbaum, Edward A.; McCorduck, Pamela (1983). The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World. Addison Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 9780201115192.
7. "The Age of Intelligent Machines: Knowledge Processing--From File Servers to Knowledge Servers by Edward Feigenbaum". Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
8. Feigenbaum, Edward A. (2003). "Some challenges and grand challenges for computational intelligence". Journal of the ACM. 50 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1145/602382.602400. S2CID 15379263.
9. Len Shustek. "An Interview with Ed Feigenbaum". Communications of the ACM. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
10. Knuth, Don. "Oral History of Edward Feigenbaum, Computer History Museum, 2007. Accessed October 23, 2015. "I was born in Weehawken, New Jersey, which is a town on the Palisades opposite New York. In fact, it’s the place where the Lincoln Tunnel dives under the water and comes up in New York. Then my parents moved up the Palisades four miles to a town called North Bergen, and there I lived until I was 16 and went off to Carnegie Tech."
11. Lederberg, Joshua. "How DENDRAL was conceived and born", United States National Library of Medicine, November 5, 1987. Accessed October 23, 2015. "I became an expert on its use. I even remember dragging it with me miles on the bus to Weehawken High School, heavy as it was, just to show off my skill with this marvelous technology that no other kid in the high school knew anything about."
12. Hague, Jim. "Academic awards aplenty; Weehawken honors top students, inducts Pasquale into Hall of Fame", Hudson Reporter, May 13, 2000. Accessed October 23, 2015. "Edward Feigenbaum (Class of '53) in 1996"
13. Edward A. Feigenbaum at the AI Genealogy Project.
14. "ProQuest Document ID 301899261". ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. ProQuest 301899261.
15. "Guide to the Edward A. Feigenbaum Papers" (PDF). Stanford University. 2010. p. 2. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
16. McCorduck, Pamela (2022-01-01). "The Scientific Life of Edward A. Feigenbaum". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 44 (1): 123–128. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2022.3145216. ISSN 1058-6180.
17. "Edward A. Feigenbaum Papers". Stanford University. 2012.
18. "Expert Profiles". IEEE Expert. 1 (1): 114–116. April 1986. doi:10.1109/MEX.1986.5006509. ISSN 0885-9000.
19. "Edward A Feigenbaum". awards.acm.org. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
20. "Edward Feigenbaum on Artificial Intelligence | Entitled Opinions". entitledopinions.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-11-09. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
21. "AI's Hall of Fame" (PDF). IEEE Intelligent Systems. 26 (4). IEEE Computer Society: 5–15. 2011. doi:10.1109/MIS.2011.64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-16. Retrieved 2015-01-06.
22. "Edward Feigenbaum". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
23. "This week in The History of AI at AIWS.net – Edward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman published "Computers and Thought"". AIWS.net. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
24. "Feigenbaum & Feldman Issue "Computers and Thought," the First Anthology on Artificial Intelligence". History of Information. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
25. Feigenbaum, Edward A.; Feldman, Julian (1963). Computers and Thought. McGraw-Hill, Inc. ISBN 9780070203709. Retrieved 5 May 2022.