Eastern Mansi

Eastern Mansi
маньсь лынгх[1]
маньсь нялм[2][failed verification][note 1]
маньсь не̄лм ляӈх / лях[3]
Pronunciation[mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx], [mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm] ⓘ
Native toRussia
RegionKhanty–Mansi
Extinct2018, with the death of Maksim Šivtorov[4]
Uralic
Dialects
  • Konda (Middle/Lower/Upper)
  • Yukonda
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologeast2879
ELP
Traditional distribution and current Mansi settlements[5][6]
Eastern Mansi is classified as Extinct according to The Uralic Languages (2023)[4]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Eastern or Konda Mansi is an extinct member of the Mansi languages, and was spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Shivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died.[4] It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.

In Russian linguistics, the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Russian: южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект[7]) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" (Russian: восточная группа диалектов).[8]

Alphabet

Main article: Mansi alphabets

In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:

The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which represents a single nasal consonant[1][better source needed] and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects [citation needed]

А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё
Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Л л М м
Н н Нг нг О о П п Р р С с Т т
У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ
Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я

Dialects

  • Lower Konda Mansi
  • Middle Konda Mansi
  • Upper Konda Mansi
  • Jukonda Mansi

Phonology

Consonants

Eastern Mansi consonants[9]
Labial Alveolar (Alveolo-)
Palatal 		Velar
plain labialized
Nasals /m/
м 		/n/
н 		/nʲ/
нь 		/ŋ/1
нг3
Stops /p/
п 		/t/
т 		/tʲ/
ть 		/k/
к 		/kʷ/
кв
Affricate /sʲ/
сь
Fricatives voiceless /s/
с 		/x/2
х 		/xʷ/2
хв
voiced /ɣ/1
г
Semivowels /j/
й 		/w/
в
Laterals /l/
л 		/lʲ/
ль
Trill /r/
р

Some remarks:

  1. Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
  2. In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
  3. /ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/

Vowels

Eastern Mansi vowels[9]
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i K 1 y, yː K 3 u, uː K 3
Close-mid ɘ, ɘː KM o, oː K 3
Mid e ~ i
eːK 2 3 		ø K (ə) K
Near-open æ, æː K
Open a, aː K 4 ɒ ~ ɑ K

(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)

Some remarks:

  1. Only present in palatal environments.
  2. It has the allophone /iː/.
  3. Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
  4. Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.

Diphthongs

In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as [œ] which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

Notes

  1. ^ both mean 'Mansi language'

References

  1. ^ a b Кузакова, Евдокия Александровна, Мансийско-русский словарь. Кондинский диалект мансийского языка [Kuzakova, Evdokiya Aleksandrovna, Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language)], Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 36
  2. ^ Dictionary of Yukonda [ru] dialect of Mansi, Lingvodoc 3.0 [1]
  3. ^ Кузакова, Евдокия Александровна (1994). Словарь манси (востокный диалект) [Mansi dictionary (eastern dialect)] (in Russian). Moskwa. p. 160.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b c Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
  5. ^ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
  6. ^ Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
  7. ^ Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)
  8. ^ Ромбандеева 1976.
  9. ^ a b Ob-Ugric database of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany; Phonology of Eastern Mansi [2]

Sources

  • Ромбандеева, Е. И. (1976). "Мансийский язык". Основы финно-угорского языкознания. Марийский, пермский и угорские языки (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 229–239.
  • Forsberg, Ulla-Maija (2007). Eastern Mansi (Konda) grammar (PDF). Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.

Further reading