The early 1930s Renault commercial vehicles were a range of modular chassis produced by Renault, sold under various configurations, primarily trucks, buses and coaches. The range was the first from Renault to get diesel engines and it abandoned previous design styles from the company. The range was gradually replaced from 1935 onwards by the ACx and ADx light range, the ABx medium range and the ZP bus/coach.
History and overview
Beginnings of the early 1930s range
At the end of 1930, Renault ended production of its last "coalscuttle"-bonneted (with the radiator behind the engine) commercial vehicles, adopting more vertical grilles and, in some models, vertical slits on both sides of the engine compartment, as the radiator was moved ahead.[1] At the same time, it was introducing its first diesel engines for road transport. These engines were a 7-litre inline-four and a 10.5-litre inline-six, both with direct injection.[2][3][4] The inline-four was initially used on Renault's heavy trucks from 1930,[3] and the inline-six was introduced in 1931.[2] The engines had been extensively tested for two years and its development had as base Renault's experience on diesel marine engines, which allowed the company to create its own diesel engine technology instead of purchasing it to foreign manufacturers, as most of its French competitors did. The production of Renault's commercial range at the time was heavily modularised,[4] with many standardised pieces,[4][5] improving economies of scale, quality on mass production and also simplifying parts replacement.[4]
The light and mid-range commercial vehicles for 1931 were largely made up from evolutions of existing models: the RY and KZ (both with payloads under 1 tonne), the OS (1.3-1.8 tonne payload), the PR (2 tonnes payload), the SX (2 tonnes payload), and the SZ (3 tonnes payload).[1] The upper ranges had a mix of new and updated but old models, including the TL (4 tonnes payload), TR (5.5 tonnes payload), TS (7.5 tonnes payload), TI, and two tractor units (SY and TT).[4][6]
Range expansion
Some trucks for 1932. Clockwise from the top left: SZ, TS, TS short, and TI.
For 1932, the lower range consisted on further upgraded vehicles, using inline-four (all except SX and SZ) and inline-six (SX and SZ) petrol engines. Most of the upper range used the already mentioned diesel engines and two petrol ones: a 6-litre inline-four and a 9.1-litre inline-six. The TI (5.5 tonnes payload) and the UD (7.5 tonnes payload) mounted the four engines, the TS (8 tonnes payload) only the inline-four ones,[7][8] and the 6x2 VT (12 tonnes payload) only the inline-six. The range was completed by two tractor units: the TT (hauling capacity of up to 15 tonnes), using the four upper range engines; and the SY (hauling capacity of up to 6 tonnes), using the engine mounted on the SX-SZ.[7]
About 1931–1932, Renault unveiled a new 3.8 inline-four diesel engine called the C-90, to be used in future vehicles. It also introduced short-lived 6×4 petrol-engined trucks with articulated suspension: the UC (7-tonne payload or tractor unit up to 15 tonnes) and the UR (4-tonne payload).[9]
VT chassis for 1933 without bodywork
For the 1933 models, there were some changes compared to the ones for 1932: a new light vehicle called YP (0.75 tonnes payload), a new KZ chassis more focused on commercial use, the discontinuation of the TS. Renault also introduced vehicles with new diesel and petrol engines: the YF, replacing the SZ, and the YG tractor unit, replacing the SY.[10] For 1934, Renault removed the SX, replacing it with the ZY (ZYAC, inline-four petrol, 2.5 tonnes payload) and started to phase out the PR, exchanging it for most uses with a new 2-tonne chassis, the ZJ, which was subject to less taxes and restrictions. A ZY version (ZYDC) received a new diesel engine, and both petrols and diesels for all the models were updated. The TI lost its inline-six petrol engine and the TT all its inline-four ones. A VT-based heavy truck, the ZF, was added to the lineup.[11]
The French military commissioned various vehicles from Renault's commercial range, including the UD, the YF, the TI, and the PR.[12]
End of the early 1930s range
By 1934, the French government established various restrictions on commercial vehicles. As a result of these, Renault began to introduce forward control designs, replacing the normal control (conventional cabin) it had been using in the early 1930s. At the 1934 Paris Salon, the company unveiled two forward control units for 1935: the ABF (5-tonne payload truck), the ZP (a coach),[13][14] and announced a third, the ABG tractor unit (hauling capacity of up to 10 tonnes), which was unveiled at the Brussels Salon of that year.[15] The petrol-engined versions of the TT and the VT were removed from the lineup.[6] For 1935 Renault also retired its last flathead petrol engines from the commercial range and gave minor updates to the diesel ones. Lastly, the company introduced a new YF-based coach,[13] the ZI.[16]
At the 1935 Paris Salon, Renault presented basically the same 1935 range for 1936.[14] In practice, all the early 1930s commercial vehicles up to 3.5 tonnes payload were discontinued during the 1935–1936 period, its boxy styling replaced with the more curvy Renault ACx and ADx range.[1] Most normal-control commercial vehicles over 3.5 tonnes payload were also discontinued, the exception being the UD, which subsisted on the lineup until 1937.[6] A TI variant (the TI 4 AE) was produced for the military until 1938.[12]
Technical details
1931 lineup
The Renault's commercial vehicle range for 1931 has gross combined weight ratings of up to 8.5 tonnes (for rigid trucks) and 16 tonnes (for tractor units with towed cargo). The bus/coach bodywork variants can carry between 10 (OS model) and up to 40 passengers (TI and TI N models).[17]
The Renault's commercial vehicle range for 1932 has about a dozen of different chassis configurations,[8] with gross combined weight ratings of up to 14 tonnes (for rigid trucks) and 20 tonnes (for tractor units with towed cargo). The bus/coach bodywork variants can carry between 12 (OS model) and up to 45 passengers (TI model).[7]
The Renault's commercial vehicle range for 1933 has the same maximum gross combined weight ratings of the previous range. Some bus/coach variants got improvements on chassis and suspension.[10][note 3]
Model
Chassis code
Engines
Payload
Chassis lengths
Gearboxes
Type
Fuel
C.
Displacement
Fiscal power
Power
YP
YPB
Petrol
4
1,463 cc
8 CV
32 PS (24 kW)
750 kg
1
3-speed manual
Light van
KZ
KZB (KZ12)
2,120 cc
11 CV
35 PS (26 kW)
OS
OSB
1,300 kg
4-speed manual
Light truck and bus/coach
PR
PRB
2,000 kg
SX
SXB
6
3,180 cc
15/18 CV
53 PS (39 kW)
2
YF
YFAB
4
4,050 cc
15 CV
65 PS (48 kW)
3.5 tonnes
YFDB
Diesel
4,345 cc
12 CV
45 PS (33 kW)
TI
TI 4 B
Petrol
6,082 cc
23 CV
69 PS (51 kW)
5.5 tonnes
3
5-speed manual
Truck and bus/coach
TI 6 B
6
7,983 cc
30 CV
105 PS (77 kW)
TI D4 B
Diesel
4
7,060 cc
19 CV
57 PS (42 kW)
TI D6 B
6
10,590 cc
28 CV
87 PS (64 kW)
UD
UD 4 B
Petrol
4
6,082 cc
23 CV
69 PS (51 kW)
7.5 tonnes
1
Truck
UD 6 B
6
7,983 cc
30 CV
105 PS (77 kW)
UD D4 AB
Diesel
4
7,060 cc
19 CV
57 PS (42 kW)
Bus/coach and delivery vehicle
UD D6 B
6
10,590 cc
28 CV
87 PS (64 kW)
Truck
VT
VT 6 AB
Petrol
6
7,983 cc
30 CV
105 PS (77 kW)
12 tonnes
6x2 truck
VT D6 B
Diesel
10,590 cc
28 CV
87 PS (64 kW)
YG
YGAB
Petrol
4
4,050 cc
15 CV
65 PS (48 kW)
6 tonnes (hauling)
Tractor unit
YGDB
Diesel
4,345 cc
12 CV
45 PS (33 kW)
TT
TT 4
Petrol
6,082 cc
23 CV
69 PS (51 kW)
10–15 tonnes (hauling)
TT 6 A
6
7,983 cc
30 CV
105 PS (77 kW)
TT D4
Diesel
4
7,060 cc
19 CV
57 PS (42 kW)
TT D6
6
10,590 cc
28 CV
87 PS (64 kW)
1935 lineup
The Renault's commercial vehicle range for 1935 has about twenty three different chassis configurations, with a gross combined weight rating of up 20 tonnes. The bus/coach bodywork variants can carry between 14 (OS model) and up to 36 passengers (ZP model). Various models' chassis were modified to comply with the French law.[18]
^The two first models were sold by Renault's passenger vehicle division. Renault also sold the six-wheelers MH and OX and the TN buses for special purposes.
^The three first models were sold by Renault's passenger vehicle division.
^For the passenger car chassis with commercial version, see Renault Monaquatre.
References
^ abc"Utilitaires légers. Les Renault des années trente" [LCVs. 1930s Renaults]. Charge utile (in French) (242). Paris: Histoire et collection: 42–45. February 2013. ISSN1240-2346.
^ abCarroll, John; Davies, Peter James (2007). Complete Book Tractors and Trucks. Hermes House. p. 66. ISBN1-84309-689-7.
^ ab"The new Renault diesel engines". The Commercial Motor. Vol. 50, no. 1291. London. 10 December 1929. p. 75. ISSN0010-3063.
^ abcdeFaroux, Charles (25 November 1931). "Le Salon des véhicules industriels 1931" [The 1931 commercial vehicles show]. La vie automobile (in French). Vol. 27, no. 982. Paris: Dunod. p. 632–633.
^"Advance news of the Paris show". The Commercial Motor. Vol. 54, no. 1392. London. 17 November 1931. p. 52. ISSN0010-3063.
^ abcListe des types de châssis industriels de 1926 à 1940 (in French), Billancourt: Renault, 1946
^ abcLa gamme des véhicules industriels Renault (in French), Billancourt: Renault, 1932
^ ab"Les poids lourds Renault" [The Renault's heavy vehicles]. La Pratique automobile vulgarisée (in French). Vol. 28, no. 618. Paris. 1 November 1932. pp. 14–16. ISSN2711-5364.
^"Les poids lourds Renault" [The Renault's heavy vehicles]. La vie automobile (in French). Vol. 29, no. 1026. Paris: Dunod. 25 September 1933. p. 448.
^ abVauvillier, François; Touraine, Jean-Michel; Jeudy, Jean-Gabriel (1992). L'automobile sous l'uniforme 1939–1940 [The Car in Uniform 1939–1940] (in French). Editions Ch. Massin. pp. 61, 84, 112, 155. ISBN2-7072-0197-9.
^ abFaroux, Charles (25 September 1934). ""Pour 1935..." Le Salon 1934" ["For 1935..." The 1934 Salon]. La vie automobile (in French). Vol. 30, no. 1050. Paris: Dunod. p. 457.
^ ab""Pour 1936..."" ["For 1936..."]. La vie automobile (in French). Vol. 31, no. 1074. Paris: Dunod. 25 September 1935. p. 451.
^"Important commercial interest at the Brussels show". The Commercial Motor. Vol. 60, no. 1550. London: Temple Press. 30 November 1934. pp. 48–49. ISSN0010-3063.
^"Nos véhicules industriels 1935" [Our commercial vehicles for 1935]. Bulletin commercial des Usines Renault (in French). No. 70. Paris: Renault. 30 November 1934.
^La gamme des véhicules industriels Renault (in French), Billancourt: Renault, 1931
^Gamme des véhicules industriels 1934-1935 (in French), Billancourt: Renault, 1935
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