Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza

Duarte Pio de Bragança
Duke of Braganza
Duarte Pio in 2017
Head of the Royal House of Portugal
Reign24 December 1976 – present
PredecessorDuarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
Heir apparentAfonso, Prince of Beira
Born (1945-05-15) 15 May 1945 (age 79)
Bern, Switzerland
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1995)​
IssueAfonso, Prince of Beira
Maria Francisca, Duchess of Coimbra
Dinis, Duke of Porto
HouseBraganza
FatherDuarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
MotherPrincess Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza
ReligionRoman Catholicism
SignatureDuarte Pio de Bragança's signature
Military career
Allegiance Portugal
Service / branch Portuguese Air Force
Years of service1968–1971
Battles / warsPortuguese Colonial War

Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (Portuguese: Duarte Pio de Bragança, born 15 May 1945), commonly known simply as Dom Duarte, is the current Duke of Braganza and a claimant to the defunct Portuguese throne, as the head of the House of Braganza. The Miguelist Braganzas, to whom Duarte Pio belongs as great-grandson of King Miguel I, is a cadet branch of the House of Braganza. With the extinction of male-line dynasts descended from Queen Maria II in 1932, King Miguel's descendants became the only male-line Braganzas remaining and the closest male-line heirs to the defunct Portuguese throne.

Duarte Pio is a figure within the European network of royal houses, often being invited to various foreign royal events. Despite his support for a monarchical government and widespread recognition as pretender to the throne, there are no major movements or parties that support restoration of the monarchy.

In 1995, the Duke married Isabel Inês de Castro Curvelo de Herédia, a Portuguese businesswoman and descendant of Portuguese nobility. Their marriage was the first marriage of a Portuguese royal to happen in Portuguese territory since the marriage of King Carlos I and Princess Amélie of Orléans, in 1886. The Duke and Duchess have three children, thus continuing the line of the Braganzas, as neither of the Duke's brothers has married or had children.

The Duke of Braganza holds Portuguese citizenship, by birth, and East Timorese citizenship due to high service to the country.[1][2]

Early life

Duarte with his parents, Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza and Princess Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza, and his brother Miguel, Duke of Viseu.

Duarte Pio was born on 15 May 1945 in Bern, Switzerland, as the first of three sons of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, and Princess Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza. Duarte Pio uses a full name ending with Miguel Gabriel Rafael, a naming tradition of the House of Braganza that honors the three archangels in the Catholic Church. His name as registered at birth was simply Duarte Pio de Bragança.[3] His father was the grandson of King Miguel I, while his mother was a great-granddaughter of King Pedro IV (Emperor Pedro I of Brazil), who was Miguel's elder brother. Through his father, he is a member of the Miguelist branch of the House of Braganza. Duarte Pio's godparents were Pope Pius XII and Queen Amélie of Portugal (the mother of King Manuel II, the last monarch of Portugal).[4][5][6]

The Duke is regarded as a Portuguese national by descent, since his father was Portuguese (and so Duarte Pio's birth was legitimately included in the Portuguese Civil Registry).[citation needed] At the time of his birth, Duarte Pio and the rest of the Miguelist Braganzas were banned from entering Portugal, by the laws of exile of 19 December 1834.[7]

Duarte Pio as a child, while Prince of Beira.

On 27 May 1950, the Portuguese National Assembly revoked both the laws of exile from 19 December 1834, which banned the Miguelist Braganzas, and the laws of exile from 15 October 1910, which banned the Legitimist Braganzas. In 1951, Dom Duarte visited Portugal for the first time, accompanied by his aunt, Infanta Filipa. In 1952, he moved to Portugal permanently with his parents and brothers.[8]

From 1957 to 1959, Duarte was enrolled in the Colégio Nun'Álvares in Santo Tirso. In 1960, he entered the Colégio Militar in Lisbon.[9] He attended the Instituto Superior de Agronomia (now part of the Technical University of Lisbon) and later the Graduate Institute of Development Studies of the University of Geneva.

From 1968 to 1971, Dom Duarte fulfilled his military service as a helicopter pilot in the Portuguese Air Force in Portuguese Angola at the time of the Portuguese Colonial War. In 1972, he participated with a multi-ethnic Angolan group in the organization of an independent list of candidates to the National Assembly. This resulted in his expulsion from Angola by order of the Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano.[8]

Succession

Duarte Pio in Portuguese Air Force uniform during the Colonial War

Duarte Pio claims the throne[10][8] as the heir of King Manuel II according to the Constitutional Charter of 1826. Duarte Pio is widely considered the heir of the abolished Portuguese throne,[11][12] but a small number of Portuguese monarchists do not recognise him as pretender to the throne or as Duke of Braganza.[11] The dispute dates back to 1828 when Duarte Pio's great-grandfather was said to have usurped the throne as King Miguel I, starting the Liberal Wars. Miguel's forces were defeated in 1834 by the forces led by his own brother. Miguel I was exiled and his niece, Queen Maria II, was restored to her throne. According to the Law of Banishment (Lei do Banimento) of 1834, Miguel I and all his descendants were forever excluded from the succession to the throne. This exclusion was reinforced four years later with the approval of the Constitution of 1838, which had a similar provision.[13] However, the Constitutional Charter of 1826 was reinstated in 1842; this constitution (which was in place until 1910 when the monarchy was overthrown) did not bar Miguel's descendants from ascending the throne.[14] Finally, the Law of Banishment of 1834 was repealed in 1950.[11][15]

In 1912 and 1922, Duarte Pio's grandfather, Miguel Januário, Duke of Braganza, reconciled with King Manuel II, but this reconciliation was not accepted by all of their adherents. There are several monarchist organizations in Portugal (like the People's Monarchist Party) which maintain that only the Cortes or the National Assembly could legally determine the rightful claimant if ever Portugal decided to restore the monarchy. One monarchist group in Portugal that did support Miguel Januário, Duke of Braganza, instead of the deposed King Manuel II was the Integralismo Lusitano.[16]

Parliamentary statements

In May 2006, the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement where it referred to Duarte Pio as Duke of Braganza.[17] On 5 July 2006, in response to this statement, Nuno da Câmara Pereira, then leader of the People's Monarchist Party, addressed the President of the Assembly of the Republic, asking for a clarification as to the official recognition of Duarte Pio as pretender to the throne and as Duke of Braganza. In its official response on 11 July 2006, the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs restated the fact that the Portuguese constitution guarantees the republican regime[citation needed], and that the reference to Duarte Pio as Duke of Braganza was merely a polite courtesy.

Roles and positions

The Duke often interacts with both national and international political and cultural institutions, by which he represents the Portuguese people and their culture. Though not a head of state or official representative of the Portuguese state, Duarte Pio has been received with such honours by various foreign heads of state, government, and organizations.[citation needed]

Politics

Duarte Pio, speaking at a conference in 2008.

Dom Duarte was a major campaigner for the independence of Timor-Leste, a former Portuguese colony which was forcibly annexed by Indonesia in 1975. Before the issue's global popularity from the 1990s onward, the Duke contributed with several national and international campaigns for the political self-determination of the territory, including Timor 87 Vamos Ajudar and Lusitânia Expresso.[8][2][1] In 1997, Dom Duarte also suggested a referendum on the independence of East Timor to the Indonesian Vice-President Jusuf Habibie.[8] After Habibie became president of Indonesia in 1999, a referendum was held that resulted in the independence of the country.[citation needed]

In December 2010, Timor-Leste President José Ramos-Horta expressed his interest in making Duarte Pio a Timorese citizen, which the Duke accepted, because of the "profound and spiritual relations of the Timorese people with Portugal", continuing by saying that the symbols of the House of Braganza have a "great significance" in Timor-Leste.[18] In February 2012, with final approval and support of Timor-Leste parliament, President Ramos-Horta conferred Timorese citizenship upon Duarte Pio, along with the Order of Merit.[19][20] President Ramos-Horta stated that these honours were given because of Duarte Pio's "dedication of a large part of his life to defending justice and liberty for the Timorese people."[21]

In September 2011, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria invited the Duke on a state visit to Damascus.[22] The Duke stated he was invited by President al-Assad with the intention that Duarte Pio relay the Syrian head of state's plans and intents for Syria and its people.[citation needed] Duarte Pio told several Portuguese news outlets that it was the Syrian President's intention to "collaborate on the creation of a future constitution for Syria, close to that of Morocco, which guarantees political, religious, and press freedom."[23] Alongside communicating the political and reformist intentions of the Syrian President, Duarte Pio stated that President al-Assad was a "good and well-intentioned man" and that "since he has assumed power, he has tried to democratize and humanize politics and [that] he has already achieved great advancements."[24]

In his capacity as the President of the King Manuel II Foundation, Duarte Pio is often involved with the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, intergovernmental organization for economic, political, and cultural friendship between Portugal and many of its former colonies. In 2009, the Duke petitioned for the King Manuel II Foundation to become a consultative observer within the CPLP, but with no success.[25] In 2012, Duarte Pio petitioned, with Maria Hermínia Cabral, Director of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, for their respective organizations to become CPLP consultative observers, to which both succeeded in their endeavor.[26][27] In November 2012, for a meeting of the consultative observers of the CPLP the Duke visited Mindelo, Cabo Verde.[28][29] While there, the Duke visited various locations within Cabo Verde, and was received by President Jorge Carlos de Almeida Fonseca.[30][31] During the visit, Duarte Pio decorated President Almeida Fonseca with the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa. Duarte Pio often visits various municipalities around the country, in an official charge, for economic and political events. On 14 November 2007, the Duke visited the Santiago do Cacém Municipality and was received with honours by the President of the Municipality, in the Palace of the Concelho.[32] On 11 October 2011, Duarte Pio visited the freguesia of São Pedro de Oliveira, in Braga, and was received with honours by the President of the Freguesia Augusto de Carvalho.[33] On 28 March 2012, the Duke and his son, Afonso, Prince of Beira, were guests of honour at the XII Exposition of Folar and Products of the Earth, an exposition staged for the purpose of economic promotion of products from the Valpaços Municipality.[citation needed]

In 2014, the Court of Lisbon forbade Duarte Pio of Braganza from using the insignia of the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing and demanded that he compensate 300,000 euros to the legal owner of the rights, Nuno da Câmara Pereira, who allegedly registered the name "Order of Saint Michael of the Wing" in 1981, whereas Duarte Pio is said to have registered it in 2004.[34] The condemnation was repeated on 5 October 2015,[35] but on 3 November 2015, the rights of Nuno da Câmara Pereira to the symbols was lost,[36] and on 7 December, Duarte Pio of Braganza won the case and regained the legal rights.[37]

Culture

Duarte Pio giving his annual speech at the Forty Conspirators dinner.

Duarte Pio often travels and visits various places, in an official charge, for matters concerning cultural affairs, both in Portugal and overseas. From 24 until 25 May 2009, the Duke visited Terceira Island, in the Azores Autonomous Region, as a guest of honour of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, for the presentation of Mendo Castro Henriques's book, Dom Duarte e a Democracia – Uma Biografia Portuguesa.[38] While in Terceira, Duarte Pio was received with honours by the President of the Municipality of Praia da Vitória and attended and visited various cultural and religious institutions and events, including a dinner at the Santa Casa da Misericórdia and assisting in a Portuguese bullfight.[citation needed]

On 12 September 2011, the Duke, as President of the Henry the Navigator Award, a partner award of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, visited Funchal, in the Madeira Autonomous Region, for an official visit. While there, the Duke was received with honours by Miguel Albuquerque, President of the Municipality of Funchal, visited the Municipal Gardens of Funchal and held a ceremony for the presentation of the Henry the Navigator Award.[39][40] On 30 September 2011, Duarte Pio visited Vila Franca de Xira, as a guest of honour for the Royal Tourada, and visited various cultural institutions of the municipality, including the Museum of Neo-Realism and the Celeiro da Patriarcal.[41] On 8 January 2012, the Duke visited the Vila Verde Municipality, as a special guest of the Association for Regional Development of Minho, where he attended an exhibition on regional culture and products and was presented a traditional Lenço de Namorados, made in 1912.[42]

Every year, on 1 December, Restoration Day, the Duke gives his annual speech in honour of the Portuguese Restoration at the dinner of the Forty Conspirators.[43] It was on 1 December 1640 that João II, Duke of Braganza, an ancestor of Duarte Pio, deposed the Portuguese House of Habsburg, installed the House of Braganza as the reigning house of Portugal, and restored sovereign rule to Portugal. In his speeches, the Duke reflects on the historical significance of the date, events of the previous year, and the road ahead for both Portugal in general and the monarchist cause. In 2012, Restoration Day ceased to be an official holiday of the Portuguese state, prompting Duarte Pio to speak out against the action, stating that extinction of the official holiday "devalues the day which should unite the Portuguese".[44][45]

Marriage and issue

On 13 May 1995, Dom Duarte Pio married Isabel Inês de Castro Curvelo de Herédia, a Portuguese businesswoman and descendant of nobility.[8] This was the first marriage of a member of the Portuguese royal family to take place in Portugal since the marriage of King Carlos I in 1886. The ceremony was celebrated in the Monastery of Jerónimos in Lisbon and presided over by Cardinal António Ribeiro, Patriarch of Lisbon. Present at the ceremony were representatives of various European royal and noble houses. These included Prince Philippe of Belgium, Duke of Brabant, Prince Henri, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Infanta Margarita of Spain, Duchess of Soria, among others. The principal Portuguese political figures, including the President of the Republic Mário Soares, Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, and President of the Assembly António Barbosa de Melo, were also present.

Following her marriage, Isabel de Herédia began a gradual withdrawal from her professional life, a process which was completed by the time her eldest child, Afonso of Braganza, was born. Thereafter, Isabel has devoted herself to the care of her family and the patronage of various charities. Duarte Pio and Isabel de Herédia have three children:

Name Birth Notes
Afonso, Prince of Beira 25 March 1996 16th Prince of Beira, 18th Duke of Barcelos; 2nd in line in the succession
Maria Francisca, Duchess of Coimbra 3 March 1997 5th Duchess of Coimbra, Infanta of Portugal; 4th in line in the succession
Dinis, Duke of Porto 25 November 1999 4th Duke of Porto, Infante of Portugal; 3rd in line in the succession

In December 2022, the engagement of Maria Francisca to a Lisbon-based lawyer, Duarte de Sousa Araújo Martins, was announced:[46] the couple married on 7 October 2023 at the Basilica of the Palace of Mafra.[47]

Line of succession

The list below includes line of succession of the Miguelist branch.

Honours

Foreign

Dynastic

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ a b "Dom Duarte recebe nacionalidade timorense". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 10 February 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b Lusa (8 June 2011). "Atribuída a nacionalidade timorense a Duarte Pio por "altos serviços prestados ao país"". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  3. ^ "Archived copy". www.lusitana.org. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Sua Alteza Real o Duque de Bragança Dom Duarte Pio, Chefe da Casa Real Portuguesa". www.casarealportuguesa.org. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  5. ^ "D. Duarte Pio: "Saída do euro seria um benefício económico para Portugal"". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 4 August 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  6. ^ "Como é que a 'realeza portuguesa' sobrevive? Dom Duarte Pio esclarece". Notícias ao Minuto (in Portuguese). 15 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Kings without Crowns", Life magazine, Vol. 42, No. 25, June 24, 1957
  8. ^ a b c d e f Henriques, Mendo Castro (2007). Dom Duarte e a democracia: uma biografia portuguesa (2nd ed.). Lisboa: Bertrand Ed. ISBN 978-972-25-1517-7. OCLC 255594200.
  9. ^ "Liga de Amigos do Colégio Militar – D. Duarte Pio de Bragança" [League of Military College Friends – D. Duarte Pio de Bragança]. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  10. ^ Minet, Paul (May 1996). "Royal Births". Royalty Digest. V (11): 316. ISSN 0967-5744.
  11. ^ a b c "Acusações a Duarte Pio de Bragança reacendem querela dinástica" [Accusations to Duarte Pio of Braganza reopen dynastic dispute]. Público (in Portuguese). 1 February 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  12. ^ Espada, Maria Henrique (19 June 2019). "D. Duarte tem direito a lugar no protocolo de Estado? Ainda falta muito…" [Does Dom Duarte have the right to a place in the protocol of the state? Still a long way to go...]. Sábado (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  13. ^ "Constituição de 1838" [Portuguese Constitution of 1838] (PDF) (in Portuguese). p. 18.
  14. ^ "The Constitutional Monarchy". Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2015. But the Constitutional Charter was revived for two subsequent periods: from August 1834 (when Dom Miguel left the country) to the resolution of September 1836 (which restored the Constitution of 1822 until the approval of the Constitution of 1838) and from January 1842 to October 1910.
  15. ^ Lei n.º 2040 [Law No. 2040] (Law 2040) (in Portuguese). National Assembly of Portugal. 27 May 1950.
  16. ^ Lloyd-Jones, Stewart (March 2003). "Integralismo Lusitano and Action Française: Their roots and shared principles". Portuguese Journal of Social Science. 2: 39–59. doi:10.1386/pjss.2.1.39/0.
  17. ^ "Governo legitima e defende D. Duarte de Bragança". www.cmjornal.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  18. ^ Lemos, Sérgio (1 December 2010). "D. Duarte já pediu nacionalidade timorense". Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  19. ^ Lusa (10 February 2012). "Dom Duarte recebe nacionalidade timorense". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  20. ^ Lusa (10 February 2012). "Duque de Bragança recebe nacionalidade timorense". Sapo Timor-Leste Notícias. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  21. ^ Lusa (13 February 2012). "Duque de Bragança cidadão timorense". Diário de Notícias. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  22. ^ "RTP TeleJornal – D. Duarte de Bragança Traz Recado de Al-Assad". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  23. ^ "Sol – D. Duarte: Ditador Sírio é 'Muito Bem Intencionado'". Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  24. ^ "Mário Crespo entrevista D. Duarte Pio – SAPO Vídeos". videos.sapo.pt. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  25. ^ "CPLP – Candidatura da Fundação D. Manuel II a observador consultivo da CPLP" (in Portuguese).
  26. ^ "Notícias MSN – Notícias do dia de Portugal e do mundo. Jornais, revistas, meteorologia, África, euromilhões, ciência e tecnologia -MSN". noticias.pt.msn.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  27. ^ "Parseria entre instituisaun sira importante tebtebes ba funsionamentu husi fórum sosiedade sivil nian – Notícias SAPO – SAPO Notícias". noticias.sapo.tl. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  28. ^ Cabo Verde Directo – PR recebe Duque de Bragança
  29. ^ "Duque de Bragança, Dom Duarte visita PR". www.rtc.cv. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  30. ^ Binókulo: Jorge Carlos Fonseca recebe no Palácio do Plateau Dom Duarte, Duque de Bragança Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Liberal – Duque de Bragança visita hoje o Presidente da República Archived 18 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "D. Duarte Pio visita Santiago do Cacém". 16 April 2013. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  33. ^ "Gazeta de Visue – Visita de S.A.R., o Duque de Bragança Dom Duarte Pio a Oliveira São Pedro". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  34. ^ "D. Duarte de Bragança condenado pelo Tribunal do Comércio de Lisboa". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  35. ^ "O.S.M.A. – Processo 93.07 – Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça 05-10-2015". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  36. ^ Lourenço, Marco Pereira, Rute. "Nuno da Câmara Pereira perde marca real". Retrieved 4 August 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ C.T. "Duarte Pio absolvido pelo tribunal". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  38. ^ "Causa Monárquica – D. Duarte Pio na ilha Terceira". Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  39. ^ "Duque de Bragança vem ao Funchal". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  40. ^ "Dom Duarte, Duque de Bragança visita Hortas Municipais do Funchal". 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  41. ^ "O duque de Bragança, Dom Duarte Pio, visitou na tarde de sexta-feira, 30 de Setembro". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  42. ^ "Adere-Minho – Dom Duarte Pio de Bragança visita Adere-Minho e recebe Lenço de Namorados do Minho certificado (réplica original de 1912)".
  43. ^ "Causa Monárquica – D Duarte Pio e o 1º de Dezembro". Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Alt URL
  44. ^ "Extinção do 1.º de Dezembro desvaloriza dia que mais devia unir os portugueses, diz Duarte Pio". 30 November 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  45. ^ "Notícias MSN – Notícias do dia de Portugal e do mundo. Jornais, revistas, meteorologia, África, euromilhões, ciência e tecnologia -MSN". noticias.pt.msn.com. Retrieved 4 August 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  46. ^ "Would-be King's daughter to wed top lawyer". Essential Business. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  47. ^ "Les confidences exclusives de Maria Francisca de Bragance et Duarte de Sousa Araújo Martins avant leur mariage". Point de Vue. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  48. ^ a b c d admin. "Casa Real". Casa Real Portuguesa (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  49. ^ "Decreto Presidente 7/2012". Government of East Timor. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  50. ^ "Cri". Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  51. ^ "Comunicado: A propósito das ordens imperiais brasileiras". 8 February 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  52. ^ "Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Januarius – Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George". 4 October 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  53. ^ a b "Membership". www.borbone-due-sicilie.org. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  54. ^ "The activities of the Order since 1960". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  55. ^ "The Order of the Pearl". ROYAL SULTANATE OF SULU AND NORTH BORNEO. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  56. ^ Kaholokula, Lei (11 June 2018). "Hawaii honors the warrior king that unified the Hawaiian islands". KITV 4 Island News. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
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Further reading

  • Henriques, Mendo Castro. Dom Duarte e a Democracia: uma biografia portuguesa. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2006. ISBN 972-25-1517-9
  • Mendes, Nuno Canas. Duarte e Isabel, duques de Bragança: biografia autorizada. Mem Martins: Lyon Multimédia Edições, 1995.
  • Morais, Jorge. D. Duarte: a primeira biografia. Lisbon: Chiado-Consultores de Informação, 1995.
  • Fernandes, Clara Picão. Monarquia hoje?: diálogos com o Duque de Bragança. Lisbon: Editora Civilização, 1995.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duarte Pio de Bragança.
Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Cadet branch of the House of Aviz
Born: 15 May 1945
Portuguese royalty
Preceded by Duke of Braganza
24 December 1976–present 		Incumbent
Heir:
Afonso
Vacant
Title last held by
Luís Filipe 		Prince of Beira
Duke of Barcelos
15 May 1945 – 24 December 1976 		Succeeded by
Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
King of Portugal and the Algarves
24 December 1976–present
Reason for succession failure:
Kingdom abolished in 1910 		Incumbent
Heir:
Afonso

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American video game company Not to be confused with Xbox Entertainment Studios. Xbox Game StudiosFormerly Microsoft Games (2000–2001) Microsoft Game Studios (2001–2011) Microsoft Studios (2011–2019) TypeDivisionIndustryVideo gamesPredecessorMicrosoft Games GroupFoundedMarch 2000; 23 years ago (2000-03)HeadquartersRedmond, Washington, USArea servedWorldwideKey peopleAlan Hartman (Head of Xbox Game Studios)ProductsSee List of Microsoft video gamesParentMicrosoft Gam...

 

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Rabbi Gad Navon, sitting behind rabbis Shlomo Goren and Yehoshua Kaniel, 1964 Gad Navon (1922 – 25 June 2006) was the third Chief Military Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Biography Mimun Fahima (later Gad Navon) was born in Morocco. He was ordained there as Rabbi after completing the study of the entire Talmud. He participated in the illegal immigration of Jews to Palestine in defiance of the British colonial government a...

 

刘春宁

此條目需要擴充。 (2017年9月20日)请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 刘春宁，男，前阿里巴巴副总裁、阿里影业执行董事、数字娱乐事业部总裁[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]。 生平 曾供职于腾讯公司，担任过马化腾的总裁助理、腾讯电商总经理、腾讯公司战略发展部...

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Too Hot to Handle Jorma Kaukonen album – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1985 studio album by Jorma KaukonenToo Hot to HandleStudio album by Jorma KaukonenReleasedMarch 1, ...

 

Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and Rainbow Wahine

Athletic teams of University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and Rainbow WāhineUniversityUniversity of Hawaiʻi at MānoaConferenceBig West (primary)Mountain West (football)Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (women's indoor track & field, swimming & diving)PCCSC (sailing)NCAADivision I (FBS)Athletic directorCraig AngelosLocationHonolulu, HawaiiVarsity teams19Football stadiumClarence T. C. Ching Athletics Complex (temporary)[1]Basketball arenaSimpliFi Arena a...

Boruca

For the language, see Boruca language. Not to be confused with Boricua. Group of indigenous people from Costa Rica This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Boruca – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) BorucaBoruca people on ...

 

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اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف مستنقعي القدم الحقيقيالعصر: الطباشيري المبكر, 129–113 مليون سنة قك ك أ س د ف بر ث ج ط ب ن   حالة الحفظ أنواع منقرضة المرتبة التصنيفية جنس  التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيات النوى المملكة: حيوانات العويلم: ثنائيات التناظر الشعبة: الح...

 

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Credit card developed by Apple Inc. Apple CardExample of physical Apple CardLocationUnited StatesLaunchedAugust 20, 2019; 4 years ago (2019-08-20)TechnologyCredit cardContactless paymentApple PayOperator Apple Inc. (developer) Goldman Sachs (issuing bank) Mastercard (payment network) Websiteapple.com/apple-card Apple Card is a credit card created by Apple Inc. and issued by Goldman Sachs, designed primarily to be used with Apple Pay on an Apple device such as an iPhone, iPad...

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Political party in Nepal This article is about party led by Upendra Yadav. For new socialist party under Baburam Bhattarai faction of this party, see Nepal Socialist Party. People's Socialist Party, Nepal जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपालAbbreviationPSP-NChairpersonUpendra YadavSpokespersonManish Kumar Suman[1]Founded22 April 2020; 3 years ago (2020-04-22)Merger ofRJPNSPNHeadquartersBalkumari, LalitpurStudent wingSocialist...

 

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Seragam Angkatan Udara Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat Tiongkok dengan pangkat Kapten (空军上尉, Kong Jun Shang Wei) dipamerkan di Museum Pertahanan Pesisir Hong Kong. Pangkat Angkatan Udara Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat (PAUTPR) mirip dengan Pangkat Angkatan Darat Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat, hanya saja dalam Angkatan Udara diawali oleh kata 空军 (Kong Jun) yang berarti Angkatan Udara. Pada 1955, tanda pangkat yang digunakan mengikuti model Angkatan Udara Soviet hingga dihapus pada 1965,[1]...

 

Mukkamala (actor)

Indian actor (1920-1982) For villages of this name, see Mukkamala, East Godavari and Mukkamala, West Godavari. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mukkamala actor – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Mukkamala Krishn...

Oppression

Malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of powerThis article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)For other uses, see Oppression (disambiguation). Part of a series onDiscrimination Forms Institutional Structural Attributes...

 

Victoria (Seychelles)

Cet article est une ébauche concernant les Seychelles. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Consultez la liste des tâches à accomplir en page de discussion. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Victoria et Port Victoria. Victoria Vue aérienne de Victoria. Administration Pays Seychelles Maire David André Démographie Gentilé Victorien [1] Population 24 701 hab. (2014) Densité 1 229...

 

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