Draft:Web4

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Web4 (sometimes styled Web 4.0) is a proposed label for a phase in the evolution of the World Wide Web beyond Web3. The term has competing meanings in academic and policy writing. In computer-science literature it has been described as a symbiotic web of human–machine interaction and intelligent services.^[1] In 2023 the European Commission linked “Web 4.0” to immersive, interoperable “virtual worlds” and highly distributed technologies, signalling policy interest but not a formal standard.^[2][3]

The earliest phase of the web, retrospectively called Web 1.0, is commonly associated with largely static pages and one-way publishing (“read-only”).^[4][5] In the mid-2000s, Web 2.0 became a prominent label for participatory, user-generated and social-network features (“read–write”).^[6][7] From the late 2010s, Web3 was popularized to describe internet services built around blockchains and tokens, emphasizing decentralized ownership claims.^[8][9]

Academic and policy sources frame Web 4.0 as:

• a symbiotic or intelligent web in which humans and machines interact in close cooperation (e.g., agent-based, proactive services);^[1]
• a ubiquitous/pervasive computing paradigm connecting devices, sensors and services (sometimes overlapping with the Internet of things or “Web of Things”);^{[citation needed]}
• an umbrella for convergences among AI, M2M communication, big data, augmented/virtual reality, and immersive environments.^[10]

The European Commission’s 2023 communication ties “Web 4.0” to “virtual worlds” and proposes actions on open standards, skills and user protection.^[3][2] A Commission Q&A summarises planned measures and terminology.^[11]

In cryptocurrency communities the label is sometimes used to describe a shift from platform-mediated participation to token-mediated participation. Reporting has linked this rhetoric with waves of “memecoin” activity that function as cultural or social-coordination assets; such markets are widely described as volatile and speculative.^{[12][13][14][15]}

Peer-reviewed surveys and policy commentary note that “Web 4.0” lacks a stable, widely accepted definition and overlaps with related narratives (e.g., the Semantic Web and Web3).^[1][16]

• Semantic Web
• Internet of things
• Virtual reality
• Augmented reality
• Metaverse
• Web 2.0
• Web3