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Tricept is a type of hybrid industrial robot and machine tool based on parallel kinematic principles. Developed in Sweden during the 1990s, Tricept systems combine characteristics of industrial robots and numerically controlled (NC) machine tools, offering high stiffness and flexibility for manufacturing applications.
Overview
Tricept machines are based on a parallel kinematic structure with three articulated arms supporting a movable platform. This configuration differs from conventional serial industrial robots and provides higher force, more rigidity and accuracy in certain machining and assembly tasks. However, the work envelope is much smaller than a serial industrial robot.
The concept enables the system to function both as a robotic manipulator and as a machining platform, allowing it to be used for operations such as drilling, milling, pressing, friction stir welding and assembly.[1]
Development
The Tricept concept was developed by the company Neos Robotics located in Täby just north of Stockholm during the late 1980s and early 1990s in Sweden. Neos Robotics was founded by Karl-Erik Neumann, who explored the use of parallel kinematics for industrial applications.
The development was carried out mainly by Stefan Mejerwall and Svante Lidholm contributing to the mechanical design and software development. Initial prototypes were developed during the late 1980s, with the first commercial machines introduced in the early 1990s. The control system used was made by Italian company Comau.
Tricept 600 was developed to be configured as a six axis robot or as a five axis machine tool. When used as a machine tool, the spindle is mounted of center from the wrist center axis because lack of space and improved reach.
Following the Tricept 600 model in the mid 1990 the Tricept 805 was developed. Tricept 805 is Tricept 600 big brother focusing to serve as a machine tool but it was also capable of robotic handling.[2]
Industrial use
Tricept systems attracted attention in the manufacturing industry due to its capabilities. They were used in applications requiring flexibility and precision, both in machining and assembly tasks.
In order to make it easier for customer to integrate the rather strange mechanical structure of Tricept 805, Neos Robotics developed what they called a Modular Element System, MES, where the Tricept 805 can be installed vertical, horizontal or in a 45 degree angle. With the MES system Neos Robotics configured a complete machining center with tool changer, chip conveyor and an enclosure. The control system used for Tricept 805 was, by the time brand new, Siemens 840D.
At the very beginning in Sweden, Tricept 600 where used by Volvo and Scania. The technology was also applied in projects involving international customers, including Boeing and general motors, where similar systems were used in aircraft manufacturing processes.
Industrial applications
Tricept systems has been installed in many different industrial sectors, including aerospace, automotive, rail and general manufacturing.
More than 300 installations of Tricept-based systems can be seen all over the world, proving their ability to adopt in production environments requiring both flexibility and precision.[3]
Tricept are capable of performing several manufacturing processes using the same platform, including milling, drilling, routing, inspection, fastening, and friction stir welding.
Such capabilities makes Tricept particularly suitable for aerospace and advanced manufacturing applications, where complex geometries and multi-process integration are required. Research and industrial programs involving parallel kinematic machines such as Tricept have resulted in collaborations with companies such as Airbus, Bombardier and Sandvik.
Technical characteristics
Tricept systems are characterized by:
- Parallel kinematic structure
- High stiffness compared to conventional industrial robots
- Greater flexibility than traditional machine tools
- Capability to perform both machining and robotic operations
The machines typically integrate servo-controlled actuators and advanced control systems to manage the coordinated motion of the parallel arms.
Legacy
Tricept was one of the first parallel kinematic machines (PKM) on the market and it is used for applications requiring high precision and structural rigidity in combination with high speed.
The concept has been copied in later developments of hybrid machine tools and advanced robotic systems.[4]
See also
- Parallel kinematics
- Industrial robot
- Machine tool
References
- ^ "Parallel Kinematic Machining". Aerospace Manufacturing and Design.
- ^ Abrahamson, Håkan (1999-01-20). "Liggande bearbetning – nästa jobb för industrikändis". Ny Teknik.
- ^ "Tricept T9000 Parallel Kinematic Machine System". Design World.
- ^ Bi, Z.M.; Jin, Y. (February 2011). "Kinematic modeling of Exechon parallel kinematic machine". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 27 (1): 186–193. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2010.07.006.
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