Draft:Mapheus
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Submission declined on 17 March 2025 by SafariScribe (talk).
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Submission declined on 24 February 2024 by Sungodtemple (talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion. The draft requires multiple published secondary sources that:
Declined by Sungodtemple 2 years ago.
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Comment: Notable, but needs more references, thank you Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 16:08, 22 January 2025 (UTC)
- Comment: Likely to be notable, but there are no high quality sources cited, specifically they are non-independent. Sungodtemple (talk • contribs) 14:55, 24 February 2024 (UTC)
Mapheus is a German sounding rocket programme run by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) since 2009.[1][2] It is a research platform for experiments in weightlessness (microgravity) of the DLR Institute of Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space,[3] the DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine,[4] and the DLR Mobile Rocket Basis MORABA. Each sub-orbital flight provides about 6 minutes of weightlessness conditions for research and technology development.[5]
MAPHEUS is one of the European microgravity-research rocket programs, similar to the TEXUS or MASER/SubOrbital Express programs of the German and European space agencies (DLR and ESA). It currently focuses on research from materials physics and life sciences, and also serves as a technology test platform for the development and qualification of new sounding rocket vehicles and service systems.
Overview
MAPHEUS 1–4 (2009–2013)
The first four launches of MAPHEUS were based on a two-stage Nike/Improved Orion vehicle, supporting payload with 14" diameter of around 190kg weight for flights up to around 150km height.[6][7]
MAPHEUS 5–8 (2015–2019)
With MAPHEUS 5, there was a switch to the VSB-30 two-stage vehicle and larger 17" payload, supporting heavier payloads for flights up to around 250km height. For MAPHEUS 7, the S-31 engine booster of the VSB-30 was combined with an Improved Malemute as the second stage.[8]
MAPHEUS 9–13 (2021–2023)
To establish an alternative to the VSB-30 vehicle, after MAPHEUS 8 a switch was performed to a two-stage Imroved Malemute (IM-IM) vehicle, using military surplus motors.[9]
Due to restrictions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and due to inavailability of the Skylark launcher on Esrange, the launches of MAPHEUS 9/10 were postponed to 2021/2022, and MAPHEUS 11 was launched in 2021 with a much reduced experiment team. All IM-IM launches for MAPHEUS used the MAN launcher on Esrange.[10]
MAPHEUS 14– (2024–)
The launch of MAPHEUS 14 saw the first production use of RED KITE, a new sounding rocket motor produced by Bayern-Chemie and developed in cooperation with German Aerospace Center. MAPHEUS 15 demonstrated a flight to over 300km height, providing more than 7 minutes of time in weightlessness for more than 20 different experiments[11]. It was also the 600th rocket launched from Esrange Space Center.[12] MAPHEUS 16 was the first use of a two-stage RED KITE vehicle.
List of MAPHEUS launches
| name | launch date | vehicle | apogee | total payload mass |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAPHEUS 1[6] | May 22, 2009 | Nike/Improved Orion | 141km | 198kg |
| MAPHEUS 2[13] | Oct 27, 2010 | Nike/Improved Orion | 153km | 178kg |
| MAPHEUS 3[7] | Nov 25, 2012 | Nike/Improved Orion | 145km | 195kg |
| MAPHEUS 4[14] | Jul 15, 2013 | S-30 | 154km | 267kg |
| MAPHEUS 5[15] | Jun 30, 2015 | VSB-30 | 253km | 408kg |
| MAPHEUS 6[16] | May 14, 2017 | VSB-30 | 254km | 403kg |
| MAPHEUS 7[8] | Feb 17, 2018 | S-31/Improved Malemute | 248km | 365kg |
| MAPHEUS 8[17] | Jun 13, 2019 | VSB-30 | 238km | 379kg |
| MAPHEUS 11[9] | May 24, 2021 | IM/IM | 221km | 370kg |
| MAPHEUS 10[10] | Dec 6, 2021 | IM/IM | 259km | 310kg |
| MAPHEUS 9[18] | Jan 29, 2022< | IM/IM | 253km | 328kg |
| MAPHEUS 12[19] | Oct 21, 2022 | IM/IM | 258km | 313kg |
| MAPHEUS 13[20] | May 22, 2023 | IM/IM | 230km | 361kg |
| MAPHEUS 14[21] | Feb 27, 2024 | RED KITE/IM | 265km | 426kg |
| MAPHEUS 15[11] | Nov 11, 2024 | RED KITE/IM | 309km | 361kg |
| MAPHEUS 16 | Nov 13, 2025 | RED KITE/RED KITE | 267km | 475kg |
| MAPHEUS 17 | (Oct 2026) | RED KITE/IM |
See also
References
- ^ "MAPHEUS®". German Aerospace Center. Retrieved 2026-02-24.
- ^ "MAPHEUS - Materialforschung unter Schwerelosigkeit". German Aerospace Center. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ^ "Institute of Materials Physics in Space, German Aerospace Center". Retrieved 2026-02-24.
- ^ "Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center". Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ^ Kargl, Florian, ed. (2019). Materials and Life Science Experiments for the Sounding Rocket MAPHEUS. American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ^ a b Stamminger A, et al. "MAPHEUS-1: Vehicle, Subsystem Design, Flight Performance and Experiments". Proceedings of the 19th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research. pp. 411–416. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ a b Siegl M, et al. "Material Physics Rockets MAPHEUS-3/4: Flights and Developments". Proceedings of the 21st ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research. p. 721. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ a b "MAPHEUS-7: Mehr als sechs Minuten Schwerelosigkeit für Experimente aus Materialphysik und Biologie" (in German). 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ a b "Completed Rocket Mission MAPHEUS 11". 2021-05-04. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ a b "Swedish Space Corporation Rocket Launches Resume At Esrange Space Center In Sweden". 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ a b "600th Arctic rocket launch successfully conducted by DLR". Space Daily. 2024-11-13. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
- ^ "The 600th rocket – a story of Swedish space (part 2)". 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "Schwerelos experimentieren: DLR startet Forschungsrakete Mapheus-2" (in German). 2010-11-12. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "Mapheus-4: Röntgenaufnahmen aus der Schwerelosigkeit" (in German). 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "Höhenforschungsrakete Mapheus-5: Start hinter dem Polarkreis" (in German). 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "Schwebende Schmelzen und Biomembranen: DLR-Forschungsrakete Mapheus-6 gestartet" (in German). 2017-05-14. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "MAPHEUS: Vom hohen Norden ins All" (in German). 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "Another MAPHEUS launched: All systems worked perfectly". 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
- ^ "Successful launch of MAPHEUS 12". German Aerospace Center. 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ^ "Höhenforschungsrakete MAPHEUS-13: Start in einen sonnigen Tag" (in German). German Aerospace Center. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ^ "MAPHEUS 14 high-altitude research rocket takes flight". Space Daily. 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
External links
- German Aerusoace Center (Aug 6, 2015). "Journey of a rocket – from launch to landing" (video). youtube.ocm. German Aerospace Center.
- German Aerospace Center (Aug 23, 2019). "Mission ATEK" (video). youtube.com. German Aerospace Center.
- Bayern Chemie (28 February 2024). "RED KITE". bayern-chemie.com. Bayern-Chemie. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
- BBC News (Feb 15, 2026). "Inside Europe's space race" (vide). youtube.com. Retrieved 2026-02-24.
Category:Space science experiments Category:Suborbital spaceflight Category:Sounding rockets Category:Sounding rockets of Germany
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