Draft:Colonial lag
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Colonial lag is the linguistic concept that a language variety (or “dialect”) transplanted in a colony may remain conservative and retain archaic features that have fallen out of use in the parent country. Colonial lag is widely believed to happen due to geographic isolation, where a targeted country cannot keep up with a rapid change in the same language spoken in the colonizer.[1]
Examples in English
Modern English has lost many features that are no longer used in most countries. Some countries have retained several linguistic features that include:
Rhoticity in American English
During colonialism in the country, Celtic settlers kept pronouncing their “R”s at the end of words. As a result of the United States gaining independence in 1776, American English kept the sound, which was used in England until the 18th century, where speakers started dropping it for pronunciation ease. The Northeastern United States transitioned to a non-rhotic accent which failed to catch up elsewhere in the country.[2] Some part of the United Kingdom, such as Scotland and Wales have retained their rhotic accent.
American and British terminology
Elevator vs Lift
The term “elevator” originally appeared in English as a loanword from the Romance family. A few centuries later, British English restored its original Germanic roots by replacing it with the term “lift” before Australia gained independence.
Informal Australian English
“Mate”
Before the 20th century, British people kept saying “mate” at the end to signal politeness (eg. “G’day mate”). When Australia gained independence, Britain kept the term “mate” until this was later replaced by “bro” and “bruv” in England after a few decades. In England, the term mate in informal English is now used by older generations in the country whereas Australia kept passing down this informal way of saying “please” to the next generation
“She” instead of “it”
In Australian English, the use of the feminine pronouns to refer to objects such as cars and boats were directly borrowed from British English. While this is currently considered an Australianism today, this was largely used informally in England and the English language in general until the middle of the 20th century. Today, this is used by older generations in England.[3]
Examples in non-English languages
Salvadorian Spanish use of “vos” instead of “tú”
In Early Modern Spanish, the term “tú” did not exist to refer to “you”. During the early modern period, which is where English used terms like “thou”, “thy”, “thee” and “ye”, Spanish colonizers kept using “vos” in El Salvador. When the country gained independence, Castilian Spanish after a certain time switched to “tú”, however, Salvadorans continued using the term “vos” which is what foreign Spanish speakers hear when engaging in conversation (socializing) with Salvadorans.
Syllable-timed rhythm in Brazilian Portuguese
Prior to Portuguese colonialism in Brazil, European Portuguese was a syllable-timed rhythm. When Brazil gained independence, they retained their syllable-timed rhythm that has fallen out of use in Portugal in favor of a stress-timed rhythm, when Portugal started colonizing East Timor and African countries.
References
- ^ "Colonial Lag: Is American English Older Than British English?".
- ^ "Rhoticity In British And American English". Babbel Magazine.
- ^ "She'll be right! — Sue Butler". Lexicographer at large. July 11, 2022.
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