Draft:CocoStore

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Draft:CocoStore
IFC Corporation[1][2]
↓
Cocostore Corporation[2][3]
TypeJoint-stock company
Unlisted
Industry6100
FoundedJune 1, 1972[3]
Key people
Representative Director and President: Hiroshi Morita[3]
ProductsConvenience store chain operations
Revenue¥46,298 million
(non-consolidated, fiscal year ending May 2015)
▲¥129 million
(non-consolidated, fiscal year ending May 2015)
An example store (Cocostore Kasukabe Kamihiruta Store)(Converted to FamilyMart after closing)
Cocostore Fujiyamadai Store — one of the first convenience stores in Japan. (September 2010)(Later changed to Tac-Mate, then closed)

Cocostore was a convenience store chain that once existed in Japan, as well as the corporation of the same name that operated it.[8]

Cocostore is known as the oldest convenience store chain in Japan, having opened its first store before Seven-Eleven.[9] (However, there are several competing claims as to which company opened Japan's first convenience store.)

On October 1, 2015, Cocostore Corporation was acquired by FamilyMart Co., Ltd. and became a wholly owned subsidiary.[6] On December 1 of the same year, Cocostore was absorbed and merged into FamilyMart, and the legal entity ceased to exist.[7]

At the time of the legal entity's dissolution, Cocostore operated approximately 800 stores.[10] Simultaneously with the merger, FamilyMart established the "Cocostore Business Integration Headquarters,"[11] and approximately 370 stores were converted to "FamilyMart."[12] On April 16, 2016, all shares of "Cocostore Retail" were transferred to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[10] Thirty unconverted stores were transferred to that company,[13] and on October 31 of the same year, the last two remaining stores in Okinawa Prefecture closed, and the brand name disappeared entirely.[12]

History and Overview

From Izumi Food Chain to the Founding of Cocostore

The company traces its origins to 1967, when Yamaizumi Shoka established "Izumi Food Chain" as a retail support business.[14]

On July 11, 1971, the headquarters of "Izumi Food Chain," a voluntary chain organized by Yamaizumi Shokai, opened its first convenience store[15] at 1854 Hakusan-cho Takamori, Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture,[16] (9-2-14 Iwanari-dai, Kasugai[17]) under the name Cocostore Fujiyamadai Store.

The name "Cocostore" was derived from the first letters of "Convenience" and "Comfort."[18][19]

The first store had a total floor area of approximately 330 m² and a sales floor of approximately 99 m².[20] In addition to a warehouse and office space of about 18 tsubo, it also featured a bread and cake oven facility of approximately 6 tsubo.[15] The store held all required licenses, including those for liquor, salt, and tobacco,[15] and carried a diverse product lineup including food items such as bread, confectionery, and general groceries,[15] as well as magazines and stationery,[15] general merchandise,[15] Sony electronics (televisions, radios, etc.),[15] photo development services (DPE), and approximately 1,500 product lines in total.[15] Payments to suppliers and other accounting functions were handled by the headquarters, so store-level bookkeeping was kept to a minimum.[20] Because no domestic convenience store at the time offered such a comprehensive range of facilities and merchandise, the store attracted widespread attention from the media.[21]

On December 11 of the same year, the first franchise store, Rakuda Store, opened at the entrance to the Nishirakuta housing estate in Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture.[22]

Independence as IFC Corporation and Reaching 100 Stores

On June 1, 1972,[3] "IFC Corporation" was established and the convenience store division was spun off as an independent entity.[2] The corporate name was derived from the initials of "Izumi Food Chain" — IFC.[18]

Because the company had been founded with the goal of revitalizing liquor retailers who were being squeezed out by the rapid growth of supermarkets, it initially limited franchise recruitment to stores that already held a liquor sales license.[23] Due in part to the nature of voluntary chain operations, the company had projected that 200 member stores would convert to the Cocostore convenience store format by 1975, but the actual result was only 26 stores in total — 8 directly operated and 18 franchises.[24]

In the meantime, the company expanded into the Kansai region in November 1973,[25] and reached the 100-store milestone in November 1982 with the opening of the Izuhoya Store in Sakai, Osaka.[26]

Renaming to Cocostore, Systemization, and the Introduction of Area Franchisees

In June 1985, the company changed its name from "IFC Corporation" to "Cocostore Corporation," unifying the store brand and corporate name.[2] That same year, it introduced the online ordering system "EOS."[27]

In August 1987, the Kyushu headquarters was established.[28] In September of the same year, Cocostore became the first user to adopt the integrated financial and distribution VAN system "Billing, Collection, and Payment System," jointly developed by Mitsui Bank, Mitsui Bank Software Services, and Fujitsu FIP.[29]

In June 1988, the company signed an area franchisee agreement with "Ikeda Liquor Sales" in Kagawa Prefecture,[30] and in October of the same year, the first Nagasaki Prefecture store, Nagae Store, opened.[31]

In April 1989, area franchisee agreements were signed with "Tominari Liquor" in Yamaguchi Prefecture, "Oita Prefecture Liquor Wholesale" in Oita Prefecture, and "Nakai Honten" in Wakayama Prefecture,[30] and in October of the same year, an area franchisee agreement was signed with "Kubo" in Okayama Prefecture.[30] That same year, a POS system was introduced.[27] On February 5, 1992, the company relocated its headquarters along with Morita and Izmic.[4] In April of that year, 500 stores were achieved,[32] and in June, a partnership was formed with Million Card Service to introduce Sires credit card payment.[33]

Expansion into Eastern Japan and New Store Formats

In May 1993, the company opened the "Nishikojiya Store" in Ota Ward and began operations in Tokyo,[34] and in October of the same year, reached the 600-store milestone.[35]

In April 1994, Cocostore Tohoku was established in preparation for entry into the Tohoku region.[36] On July 3 of the same year, the Miura Store in Sendai became the first Cocostore location in the Tohoku region.[36][37] On December 1 of the same year, the Tokyo headquarters was established to accelerate store expansion in the greater Tokyo metropolitan area.[38][39] In May 1995, 700 stores were reached.[35]

During this period, in June 1994, the company opened the first Coco Gourmet store (Fushimi Store) and began developing new store formats.[40][41] On July 27, 1995, the "Coco Gourmet Kanda Shirocho Store" opened as the first Tokyo location for the new format.[42][43]

On April 26, 1996, the Minamisuna Fujii Store opened as the first franchise location in the Tokyo metropolitan area.[44] On May 14, the Shizuoka headquarters was established to strengthen store expansion in the region.[45]

Around the same time, on May 21, 1996, the company opened the first location of a new variety deli format, "Deli Ecco Club," at the Sasajima Store.[46] In April 1997, a new composite store format combining a pharmacy and convenience store was trialed with the opening of the "Cocostore Hajime Teikyo Daimae Store."[47]

In June 1997, a two-temperature integrated logistics system for chilled foods, prepared rice dishes, and bread was launched.[48] In July 1998, three-times-daily delivery of daily items and prepared rice dishes, along with joint bread delivery, commenced.[27] On November 11 of the same year, a logistics partnership was formed with Ministop to further strengthen the supply chain.[49]

In the meantime, bill payment collection services launched on April 20, 1998,[50][51] and in November the new ordering system "EON" was introduced.[52]

In May 1999, Kotobukiya Convenience Systems began providing technical instruction on freshly baked bread to Cocostore,[41] and that same month, the Coco Gourmet Meieki Sakuradori Store opened as the first bakery-equipped location.[53] On June 20, 2000, a business alliance was formed with Kyushu Convenience Systems (KCS).[54][55]

Business Expansion Through Acquisitions

On April 23, 2001, Cocostore acquired 86.82% of the issued shares of Kasumi Convenience Networks, which operated Hot Spar stores, and made it a subsidiary.[56] In June of the same year, the company acquired Kyushu Convenience Systems, Kotobukiya Convenience Systems Co., Ltd. (later Everyman, now Cocostore West), and I&I Retail (a franchisee of Nicomart), bringing them all under its umbrella.[57][58] On July 1, Kasumi Convenience Networks was renamed Hot Spar Convenience Networks.[59]

During this period, on October 4, 1999, Cocostore began selling music on MiniDisc at select stores via a music distribution terminal called "Music Deli."[60] On May 13, 2001, the company opened "Scoco (S-Coco) Meieki Store," a convenience store format aimed at female customers, continuing to experiment with new retail concepts.[61][62][63]

On June 1, 2006, the company absorbed and merged the first-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks and Kyushu Convenience Systems. The second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks Co., Ltd., Everyman Co., Ltd., and Ric Support Systems Co., Ltd. took over chain operating responsibilities.[64]

In November 2007, the first store in the "Cocostore" brand operated by the second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks, the Ryugasaki Kawaradai Store, opened.[65] In March 2008, the conversion of all second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks stores to the "Cocostore" brand was completed.[66]

Partnership with Ministop and Integration of Tac-Mate

On August 24, 2010, Cocostore West and Ministop entered into a business partnership agreement covering the Kyushu region.[67] In September, Cocostore West and Ministop began mutual product supply operations in Kyushu.[68] On December 16, all Cocostore East stores began accepting WAON electronic money payments.[69]

On August 18, 2012, the group entered into a capital and business alliance with Ministop,[70] and on April 2, 2013, Cocostore began handling AEON Group private brand Topvalu products.[71][72]

During this period, on June 1, 2012, the company also acquired the home delivery convenience store business Tac-Mate from Izmic, as part of broader group restructuring efforts.[73][74]

Declining Performance, Acquisition by FamilyMart, and Dissolution

However, the company's early founding philosophy of prioritizing the revitalization of liquor retailers led it to avoid aggressive expansion strategies and the dominant strategy of concentrating stores in specific areas to boost brand recognition and distribution efficiency. This proved to be a liability, as Cocostore was unable to compete against the major chains' large-scale offensives in both store openings and private-brand development, and the company gradually struggled on the financial front.[75]

As a result, in the fiscal year ending May 2015, the company reported a net loss of approximately ¥100 million.[76] Concluding that survival as an independent entity was no longer viable, the company held a bidding process to find a buyer.[76] On August 15 of the same year, the capital and business alliance with Ministop was dissolved,[77][78] and the company was sold to FamilyMart for approximately ¥13 billion.[79]

On October 1, 2015, FamilyMart Co., Ltd. acquired Cocostore and made it a wholly owned subsidiary.[6] On December 1 of the same year, Cocostore was absorbed and merged into FamilyMart, and the legal entity ceased to exist.[7]

At the time of dissolution, Cocostore operated approximately 800 stores.[10] Simultaneously with the merger, FamilyMart established the "Cocostore Business Integration Headquarters,"[11] and approximately 370 stores were converted to FamilyMart locations.[12] On April 16, 2016, all shares of "Cocostore Retail" were transferred from FamilyMart to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[10] Thirty unconverted stores were transferred to that company,[13] and on October 31 of the same year, the last two remaining stores in Okinawa Prefecture closed, bringing the brand name to a complete end.[12][80][81][82]

As for the stores transferred to Cocostore Retail (now Mitsuiuroko Grocery → Mitsuiuroko Provisions), they maintained their existing product lineup and services, and from August of the same year were gradually renamed — in the Honshu and Okinawa regions to "Tac-Mate," and in the Kyushu region to "RIC Store" — with only the store name changing.[83] Many of the Kyushu and Kanto stores subsequently entered into a co-management arrangement with Poplar Group's convenience store brand "Seikatsu Saika."[13]

Additionally, on April 16, 2016,[10] the original first store — the Fujiyamadai Store — was transferred to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[84] It reopened on September 1 of the same year as Tac-Mate Fujiyamadai Store,[85] but closed on November 17 of that same year.[84]

History

  • 1971
    • July 11 — The headquarters of "Izumi Food Chain," a voluntary chain organized by Yamaizumi Shokai, opens the first Cocostore location — the Fujiyamadai Store — in Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture.[15][1]
    • December 11 — The first franchise location, Rakuda Store, opens in Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture.[22]
  • 1972, June 1[3] — "IFC Corporation" is established as an independent entity spun off from Izumi Food Chain.[2]
  • 1973, November — Expansion into the Kansai region.[25]
  • 1982, November — The 100-store milestone is reached with the opening of the Izuhoya Store in Sakai, Osaka.[26]
  • 1985
    • June — The company is renamed from "IFC Corporation" to "Cocostore Corporation."[2]
    • The online ordering system "EOS" is introduced.[27]
  • 1987
    • August — Kyushu headquarters established.[28]
    • September — Cocostore becomes the first adopter of the integrated financial and distribution VAN "Billing, Collection, and Payment System," developed jointly by Mitsui Bank, Mitsui Bank Software Services, and Fujitsu FIP.[29]
  • 1988
    • June — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Ikeda Liquor Sales" in Kagawa Prefecture.[30]
    • October — The first store in Nagasaki Prefecture, Nagae Store, opens.[31]
  • 1989
    • April — Area franchisee agreements signed with "Tominari Liquor" (Yamaguchi), "Oita Prefecture Liquor Wholesale" (Oita), and "Nakai Honten" (Wakayama).[30]
    • October — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Kubo" in Okayama Prefecture.[30]
    • POS system introduced.[27]
  • 1992
    • February 5 — Headquarters relocated together with Morita and Izmic.[4]
    • April — 500-store milestone reached.[32]
    • June — Partnership formed with Million Card Service; Sires credit card payment introduced.[33]
  • 1993
    • May — "Nishikojiya Store" opens in Ota Ward; Tokyo expansion begins.[34]
    • October — 600-store milestone reached.[35]
  • 1994
    • April — Cocostore Tohoku established in preparation for entry into the Tohoku region.[36]
    • June — First Coco Gourmet store (Fushimi Store) opens.[40][41]
    • July 3 — Miura Store in Sendai opens as the first Tohoku location.[36][37]
    • December 1 — Tokyo headquarters established.[38]
  • 1995
    • May — 700-store milestone reached.[35]
    • July 27 — "Coco Gourmet Kanda Shirocho Store" opens as the first Coco Gourmet location in Tokyo.[42] (Closed in spring 1996.[86])
  • 1996
    • April 26 — Minamisuna Fujii Store opens as the first franchise location in the Tokyo metropolitan area.[44]
    • May 14 — Shizuoka headquarters established.[45]
    • May 16 — Coco Gourmet Gotokuji Store opens.[86]
    • May 21 — First "Deli Ecco Club" variety deli store opens at the Sasajima location.[46]
    • October 4 — Ikeda Liquor Sales spins off its Cocostore operations into a separate entity; Cocostore Kagawa Corporation established.[87]
  • 1997
    • April — The first composite store combining a pharmacy and convenience store, "Cocostore Hajime Teikyo Daimae Store," opens.[47]
    • June — Two-temperature integrated logistics system for chilled foods, prepared rice dishes, and bread launched.[48]
  • 1998
    • April 20 — Bill payment collection services launched.[50]
    • July — Three-times-daily delivery of daily items and prepared rice dishes, along with joint bread delivery, begins.[27]
    • November 11 — Logistics partnership formed with Ministop.[49]
    • November — New ordering system "EON" introduced.[52]
  • 1999
    • May — Kotobukiya Convenience Systems begins providing technical instruction to Cocostore on freshly baked bread production.[41]
    • May — Bakery-equipped Coco Gourmet Meieki Sakuradori Store opens.[53]
  • 2000
    • June 20 — Business alliance formed with Kyushu Convenience Systems (KCS).[54]
    • October 4 — In-store music MiniDisc sales begin via the "Music Deli" terminal at select stores.[60]
  • 2001
    • April 23 — 86.82% of issued shares of Kasumi Convenience Networks (operator of Hot Spar) acquired; Kasumi CVS becomes a subsidiary.[56]
    • May 13 — Scoco (S-Coco) Meieki Store opens as a women-oriented CVS format.[61]
    • June — Kyushu Convenience Systems, Kotobukiya Convenience Systems Co., Ltd. (later Everyman, now Cocostore West), and I&I Retail (Nicomart franchisee) acquired.[57][58]
    • July 1 — Kasumi Convenience Networks renamed Hot Spar Convenience Networks.[59]
  • 2002
    • August 2 — Affiliated company Southern Cross opens an Italian bar.[88]
  • 2005
    • April 14 — First Tac-Mate store in the Kanto region, "Tac-Mate Fujimi Ekimae Store," opens.[89]
  • 2006
    • May 12 — Industry-academia collaboration agreement signed with Aichi Gakusen University.[90]
    • June 1 — First-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks and Kyushu Convenience Systems absorbed and merged into Cocostore; second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks Co., Ltd., Everyman Co., Ltd., and Ric Support Systems Co., Ltd. inherit chain operating responsibilities.[64]
  • 2007
    • November — The first "Cocostore"-branded store operated by second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks, the Ryugasaki Kawaradai Store, opens.[65]
    • December 19 — Ishigaki Hirade Store opens; Cocostore begins operations on Ishigaki Island.
  • 2008
    • March — Conversion of all second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks stores to the "Cocostore" brand completed.[66]
    • August 1 — Edy electronic money payment begins at all stores in Okinawa (84 stores).
  • 2010
    • August 24 — Cocostore West and Ministop enter into a business partnership in the Kyushu region.[67]
    • September — Cocostore West and Ministop begin mutual product supply in Kyushu.[68]
    • December 16 — WAON electronic money payment begins at all Cocostore East stores.[69]
  • 2012
    • June 1 — Home delivery convenience store business Tac-Mate acquired from Izmic.[73][74]
    • August 18 — Capital and business alliance formed with Ministop.[70]
  • 2013
    • April 2 — AEON Group private brand Topvalu products begin being handled at Cocostore locations (excluding Okinawa).[71][72]
  • 2015
    • August 15 — Capital and business alliance with Ministop dissolved.[77][91]
    • September 1 — Subsidiaries Cocostore West, Cocostore East, and MICS Group convenience store operator MRC Corporation absorbed and merged into Cocostore.[92]
    • September 8 — Acquisition by major convenience store chain FamilyMart confirmed; plan announced to progressively convert most stores to "FamilyMart," excluding unprofitable and certain other locations.
    • October 1 — FamilyMart Co., Ltd. acquires all shares of Cocostore from Morita Enterprise; Cocostore becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of FamilyMart.[6]
    • December 1 — Cocostore absorbed and merged into FamilyMart Co., Ltd.; the legal entity ceases to exist.[7] The "Cocostore Business Integration Headquarters" is newly established within FamilyMart.[11]
    • December 9 — "Nishiki 1-chome Store" reopens as the first store to convert from Cocostore to FamilyMart.[93]
  • 2016
    • April 16 — All shares of Cocostore Retail transferred from FamilyMart to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[10]
    • August 31 — Official Cocostore and Everyman website closes.[94]
    • From late August onward — Most remaining Cocostore stores not slated for FamilyMart conversion are scheduled to be progressively rebranded to "Tac-Mate" (Honshu and Okinawa) or "RIC Store" (Kyushu).[83]
    • September 1[95] — First-generation FamilyMart Co., Ltd. absorbs and merges with Uny Group Holdings to form Uny FamilyMart Holdings Co., Ltd.[96] Second-generation FamilyMart Co., Ltd.Template:Refnest inherits the convenience store business.[95]
    • October 31 — The last two Cocostore stores remaining under FamilyMart's umbrella, located in Okinawa Prefecture, close.[12][80] Thirty unconverted stores transferred to Mitsuiuroko-affiliated "Cocostore Retail."[13]
    • November 17 — The Tac-Mate Fujiyamadai Store — formerly the original Cocostore first store — closes permanently.[84][85]

Stores

Cocostore initially focused its store expansion on the Chubu region,[3] before pursuing a nationwide presence through area franchisees.[3]

Because franchise recruitment had initially been limited to stores holding a liquor sales license,[23] as of 1991, over 90% of Cocostore locations sold liquor — far exceeding the rates of Seven-Eleven (30%), Daiei Convenience Systems (now Lawson) (13%), FamilyMart (10%), Sun Shop Yamazaki (now Yamazaki Daily Store) (32%), and Circle K Japan (17%).[97]

As of the end of February 2015, Cocostore operated 57 stores in Aichi Prefecture, representing approximately 2% of all convenience stores in the prefecture.[76] As of the end of August of the same year, the total across the four Tokai prefectures had declined to approximately 90 stores,[5] reflecting the company's eroding market share in the Chubu region.[76] By contrast, Cocostore maintained higher market penetration in Okinawa Prefecture (approximately 106 stores, ~20% share as of end of February 2015),[76] Kumamoto Prefecture (approximately 90 stores, ~14% share),[76][5] and Ibaraki Prefecture (approximately 90 stores, ~7% share).[76][5]

Store Brands

  • Cocostore — The primary convenience store format.[98]
  • Coco Gourmet — A fast-food-enhanced convenience store format, modeled after Wawa in the United States, with in-store kitchen facilities used to prepare and sell boxed lunches and side dishes.[99][100]
  • Scoco (S-Coco) — A women-oriented convenience store format that sold small in-house prepared bento and freshly baked bakery items, while deliberately not stocking products typically targeted at male customers, such as certain cosmetics.[61]
  • Coco de Cook — A convenience store format with in-store cooking, developed as a scaled-down version of the Coco Gourmet concept with a smaller kitchen footprint.[101][99]
  • Deli Ecco Club — An in-store cooking variety delicatessen shop format.[46]

Area Franchisees

  • Cocostore Kagawa Corporation — An area franchisee agreement was signed with "Ikeda Liquor Sales" in Kagawa Prefecture in June 1988.[30] On October 4, 1996, Ikeda Liquor Sales spun off its Cocostore operations into the newly established Cocostore Kagawa Corporation.[87]
  • Cocostore Hiroshima — Operated by Okada Honten.[102] As of the end of the fiscal year ending May 1997, this franchisee operated 58 stores.[102]
  • Cocostore Keiji — Operated by Omi Liquor Sales.[102] As of the end of the fiscal year ending May 1997, this franchisee operated 20 stores.[102]
  • Nagasaki Regional Headquarters — Operated by Nagasaki Prefecture Liquor Sales.[31]
  • Oita Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Oita Prefecture Liquor Wholesale" in April 1989.[30]
  • Wakayama Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Nakai Honten" in April 1989.[30]
  • Yamaguchi Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Tominari Liquor" in April 1989.[30]
  • Okayama Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Kubo" in October 1989.[30]

Group Companies

  • Cocostore East
On April 23, 2001, 86.82% of the issued shares of Kasumi Convenience Networks, which operated Hot Spar stores, were acquired, making it a subsidiary.[56]
  • Kyushu Convenience Systems
Acquired and made a subsidiary in June 2001.[57]
  • Cocostore West
Kotobukiya Convenience Systems Co., Ltd. was acquired and made a subsidiary in June 2001.[57]
Main article: Everyman (convenience store)
  • Cocostore Retail — When Kyushu Convenience Systems was acquired in June 2001, Ryoyu Chain Support (a subsidiary of KCS) became a grandchild company of Cocostore as a result.[57] It operated stores under the "R Shop" and "RIC" brands.[103] After Cocostore Corporation was absorbed and merged into FamilyMart Co., Ltd., all shares of Cocostore Retail were transferred to Mitsuiuroko Provisions — a consolidated subsidiary of Mitsuiuroko Group Holdings — effective April 15, 2016.[104]
Main article: Mitsuiuroko Provisions

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c d Distribution Company Yearbook 1984 Edition. Nihon Keizai Shimbun, October 31, 1983. pp451
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Seicomart's Akio Akao vs. Cocostore's Yuji Sawada: The Top Two Regional CVS Chains with a Focus on Liquor Sales, Their Leaders Discuss 'The Future of Liquor Retailers and CVS'". Shokuhin Shogyo, June 1990 (Shogyokai) (June 1990). pp132–146
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Masao Kawai. "Exploring the Secrets of Growing Companies: Cocostore Corporation". Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry Monthly Bulletin Nagono, April 1994 (Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry) (April 1994). pp27
  4. ^ a b c "Morita Co., Ltd., Izmic Co., Ltd., and Cocostore Co., Ltd. Move into New Office Building". Chubu Zaikai, March 1996 (Chubu Zaikai-sha) (March 1996). pp92
  5. ^ a b c d Osamu Uchiyama (September 9, 2015). "FamilyMart Acquires Cocostore, Plans to Convert All Stores". Asahi Shimbun (Asahi Shimbun Co.). pp8
  6. ^ a b c d "FamilyMart Makes Cocostore a Subsidiary, Absorbs It in December". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (October 2, 2015). pp7
  7. ^ a b c d "Conversion to FamilyMart Begins in the Chubu Region on the 9th: Cocostore". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (December 2, 2015). pp6
  8. ^ Kimihiro Onotani, Takeshi Ishihara (September 9, 2015). "The 'Pioneer' of In-Store Cooking at Convenience Stores: Voices of Regret as the Store Name Disappears — The Warmth Was Always at Coco". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). pp30
  9. ^ "'The Birthplace of Convenience Stores' Is Here: Opened in Fujiyamadai, Kasugai in 1971." Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (February 1, 2010)
  10. ^ a b c d e f Chiharu Itakura (April 13, 2016). "FamilyMart Transfers Cocostore Retail Shares to Mitsuiuroko". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). pp4
  11. ^ a b c "'Being No. 1 in the Industry Is Not a Dream': FamilyMart Launches Cocostore Integration Headquarters Ceremony". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (December 4, 2015). pp8
  12. ^ a b c d e "Farewell, Cocostore: Okinawa Is the Last — All Stores Close on the 31st". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (October 29, 2016). pp9
  13. ^ a b c d "RIC Store (formerly Everyman, Cocostore) Reorganizes Remaining Stores and Partners with Poplar Group". Toshoken News. Urban Commerce Research Institute. 2016-11-17.
  14. ^ Masao Kawai. "Exploring the Secrets of Growing Companies: Cocostore Corporation". Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry Monthly Bulletin Nagono, April 1994 (Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry) (April 1994). pp26
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Brewing Industry Yearbook, Showa 47 Edition. Weekly Brewing Shimbun-sha, March 31, 1973. pp174
  16. ^ Food Industry Yearbook 1978 Edition (Supplement). Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun-sha, June 30, 1978. pp215
  17. ^ National Commercial Directory, 3rd Edition, 1985, Western Japan Vol. 1. Tsusho Sangyo Chosakai, March 1985. pp443
  18. ^ a b Tetsuro Hashimoto. Everything About Convenience Store Management, New Edition. Keiei Joho Shuppan-sha, June 20, 1984. pp82
  19. ^ "Toyo Keizai Online: The Meaning Behind FamilyMart's Acquisition of Cocostore". Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  20. ^ a b 21 Years of Franchise History. Tokyo Keizai, April 1986. pp383
  21. ^ Shogyokai Edupack. Comprehensive Collection of Convenience Store Materials. West Japan CVS Council, 1975. pp88
  22. ^ a b Yukio Abe. Convenience Stores Growing in Japan. Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun-sha, May 20, 1972. pp113–117
  23. ^ a b Hiroshi Morita. "Cocostore's Management Strategy Aimed at Establishing a Unique Stance". Franchise Age, May 1998 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (May 1, 1998). pp2
  24. ^ Yukichi Takebayashi. "The Current State and Future Direction of Voluntary Chains and Convenience Stores in Japan". Shoko Kinyu, December 1975 (Small and Medium Enterprise Research Institute) (December 1975). pp14
  25. ^ a b Future Strategies for Retail Business 1. Weekly Brewing Shimbun-sha, March 1, 1975. pp40
  26. ^ a b Food Industry Yearbook 1983 Edition. Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun-sha, June 20, 1983. pp43
  27. ^ a b c d e f Hiroshi Morita. "Cocostore's Management Strategy Aimed at Establishing a Unique Stance". Franchise Age, May 1998 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (May 1, 1998). pp4
  28. ^ a b "Cocostore to Enter Kyushu; First Store to Open in Fukuoka in October". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 1987-07-31.
  29. ^ a b "Mitsui Bank: Directly Linking Distribution and Financial VANs — Mitsui Bank Promotes Joint Software Development". Ginko Jihyo, October 1987 (Ginko Jihyo-sha) (October 1, 1987). pp46–47
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Primary Sources (Press Releases, etc.)

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