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The Balloon Time Model (BTM)[1][2] is a theoretical model of individual temporality proposed by Geza Csosz. The model describes time as a topological structure composed of a determined past, a boundary-like present, and a bounded probabilistic future. It aims to integrate elements of phenomenology, and philosophical theories of time.
Concept
In the Balloon Time Model, individual time is defined as:
T = P ∪ {t₀} ∪ F
where:
- P (Past) is a single, deterministic, non-branching worldline extending from birth to the present.
- t₀ (Present) is a boundary point with zero temporal extension, defined as the intersection between past and future.
- F (Future) is a bounded probabilistic volume containing possible future states.
The model differs from linear and block-universe conceptions of time by treating the future not as a line or infinite light cone but as a finite, dynamically changing space. Possible future events are distributed within this space according to a probability density function.
The present is described as a boundary operation that selects one realization from the probabilistic future and incorporates it into the fixed past. Death is defined as the absorbing boundary of the future space; when this boundary is reached, the future collapses to the empty set.
Theoretical Background
The Balloon Time Model draws on:
- Augustine’s claim that the present lacks duration,
- Husserl’s retention–protention structure of temporal consciousness,
- Heidegger’s interpretation of temporality as oriented toward death,
- Einstein’s relativity theory and Minkowski spacetime, which reject the existence of a universal present.
The model proposes a finite, biologically bounded future in contrast to the infinite future light cone of relativistic spacetime.
Author
Geza Csosz is a fine artist and researcher working at the intersection of visual art, philosophy, and scientific models of time. He studied chemistry and physics at the University of Szeged, mathematics and computer science in Vienna, and obtained an MA in Fine Art (Photography) from Bath Spa University. His practice-based research focuses on the ontological status of the present, the structure of temporality, and the relationship between scientific concepts and time-based artistic media such as photography and video art.
Status
The Balloon Time Model is a contemporary theoretical proposal and has not been adopted within mainstream physics. It is primarily discussed within interdisciplinary contexts combining philosophy of time, conceptual modeling, and artistic research.
References
- ^ figshare.com https://figshare.com/s/0ed5fa57a5c382c05e81. Retrieved 2026-02-27.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Geza, Csosz (2025). Balloon Time Model (in English and Hungarian) (1st ed.). United Kingdom Hungary: Marfag Time Press (published 2026). ISBN 9786150260594.
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