Draft:ACR TI-RADS
This may take 2 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 2,449 pending submissions waiting for review.
 | Review waiting, please be patient.
This may take 2 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 2,449 pending submissions waiting for review.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
Reviewer tools
|
ACR TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) is a standardized risk-stratification scoring system for thyroid nodules identified on ultrasound, developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR).[1]
Background
Thyroid nodules are extremely common, detected incidentally in up to 68% of patients undergoing neck ultrasound.[2] The vast majority are benign, and ACR TI-RADS was developed to reduce unnecessary fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies while ensuring that malignant nodules are identified appropriately.
The system is modeled after BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), which similarly stratifies imaging findings into risk categories to guide management.
Scoring
ACR TI-RADS assigns points across five ultrasound feature categories:
| Category | Features scored |
|---|---|
| Composition | Cystic/spongiform (0 pts), mixed (1 pt), solid (2 pts) |
| Echogenicity | Anechoic/hyperechoic (1 pt), isoechoic (2 pts), hypoechoic (3 pts) |
| Shape | Wider-than-tall (0 pts), taller-than-wide (3 pts) |
| Margin | Smooth/ill-defined (0 pts), lobulated/irregular (2 pts), extrathyroidal extension (3 pts) |
| Echogenic foci | None/large comet-tail (0 pts), macrocalcifications (1 pt), peripheral calcifications (2 pts), punctate echogenic foci (3 pts) |
Points from all five categories are summed. Any number of findings in the echogenic foci category are added cumulatively.
Risk categories
| TR Level | Points | Malignancy risk | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| TR1 | 0 | Benign | No FNA |
| TR2 | 2 | Not suspicious | No FNA |
| TR3 | 3 | Mildly suspicious | FNA if ≥ 2.5 cm; follow if ≥ 1.5 cm |
| TR4 | 4–6 | Moderately suspicious | FNA if ≥ 1.5 cm; follow if ≥ 1 cm |
| TR5 | ≥ 7 | Highly suspicious | FNA if ≥ 1 cm; follow if ≥ 0.5 cm |
Published malignancy rates range from less than 2% for TR1/TR2 nodules up to greater than 20% for TR5 nodules.[3]
Clinical use
ACR TI-RADS is widely adopted in North America and is recognized by the [[American Thyroid Association]] and other international societies. When multiple nodules are present, up to two nodules with the highest point totals are prioritized for biopsy, which may not necessarily be the largest nodules.
Several free online calculators have been developed to assist clinicians in applying the scoring criteria at the point of care.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Tessler FN, Middleton WD, Grant EG, et al. ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): White Paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(5):587–595. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.01.046
- ^ Grani G, Sponziello M, Pecce V, Ramundo V, Durante C. Contemporary Thyroid Nodule Evaluation and Management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(9):2869–2883.
- ^ Tessler FN, et al. 2017.
- ^ "ACR TI-RADS Calculator". Retrieved 2026-06-09.
External links
- ACR TI-RADS Calculator – Free point-of-care scoring tool
- ACR TI-RADS official page
- Radiopaedia: ACR TI-RADS
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.