"Down Under" is a song recorded by Australian rock band Men at Work. It was originally self-released in 1980 as the B-side to their first local single, "Keypunch Operator", before the band signed a recording contract with Columbia Records.[8] Both early songs were written by the group's co-founders, Colin Hay and Ron Strykert.[9] The early version of "Down Under" has a slightly slower tempo and different arrangement from the later Columbia release.[10] The best-known version was then released on Columbia in 1981 as the second single from Men at Work's debut studio album Business as Usual.
The hit song went to number one in their home country Australia in December 1981, and then topped the New Zealand charts in February 1982. The song topped the Canadian charts in October 1982.[11] In the United States, the song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on 6 November 1982 at No. 79, and reached No. 1 in January 1983. Topping the US Billboard chart for four non-consecutive weeks, it eventually sold over two million copies in the US alone. Billboard ranked it at No. 4 for 1983.[12] In the UK, the song topped the charts in January and February 1983: the only Men at Work song to make the UK top 20.[13] The song also went to No. 1 in Denmark, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland, and was a top 10 hit in many other countries.
"Down Under" is perceived as a patriotic song in Australia; it remains popular and is often played at sporting events.[14][15][16] In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100", the 'most Australian' songs of all time so far, "Down Under" was ranked number 2 behind Cold Chisel's "Khe Sanh".[17]
Lyrics
The lyrics to "Down Under" depict an Australian man travelling the globe (specifically mentioning Brussels and Bombay), meeting people who are interested in his home country. The story is based in part on singer Colin Hay's own travels abroad, including a prominent reference to a Vegemite sandwich (a popular snack in Australia), which derived from an encounter with a tall baker from Brussels who emigrated from Brunswick, Melbourne.[15] Hay has said the lyric was partly inspired by Barry Humphries' character Barry McKenzie, a comically stereotypical Australian who tours abroad.[18]
Slang and drug terms are featured in the lyrics. It opens with the singer "travelling in a fried-out Kombi, on a hippie trail, head full of zombie". In Australian slang, "fried-out" at that time meant that it is in really poor condition and overheating (as in a short circuit rather than drunk/high), "Kombi" is short for "Kombinationskraftwagen" and refers to the Volkswagen Type 2, and "full of zombie" refers to the use of a type of marijuana.[15] "Hippie trail" refers to a subcultural tourist route popular in the 1960s and 1970s which stretched from Western Europe to South-East Asia. The song also contains the refrain "where beer does flow and men chunder". To "chunder" means to vomit.[15]
Speaking to Songfacts about the overall meaning of the lyric, Hay remarked:
The chorus is really about the selling of Australia in many ways, the overdevelopment of the country. It was a song about the loss of spirit in that country. It's really about the plundering of the country by greedy people. It is ultimately about celebrating the country, but not in a nationalistic way and not in a flag-waving sense. It's really more than that.[18]
The music video comically plays out the events of the lyric, showing Hay and other band members riding in a Volkswagen Kombi van, eating muesli with a 'strange lady', eating and drinking in a café, and lying in an opium den. The band are moved along at one point by a man in a shirt and tie who places a 'Sold' sign in the ground. Exterior shots were filmed at the Cronulla sand dunes in Sydney.[19] The band are seen carrying a coffin across the dunes at the end. This, Hay has explained, was a warning to his fellow Australians that their country's identity was dying as a result of overdevelopment and Americanisation. Hay has also stated that the same ominous sentiment lies behind the choral line, "Can't you hear that thunder? You'd better run; you'd better take cover".[15]
Critical reception
Billboard called it a "tongue-in-cheek story song that relies on percussion and vocals more than sax."[20]
Cultural significance
The song is a perennial favourite on Australian radio and television, and topped the charts in the US and UK simultaneously in early 1983.[21] It was later used as a theme song by the crew of Australia II in their successful bid to win the America's Cup in 1983.[22] Men at Work played this song in the closing ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, alongside other Australian artists.[23]
In 2007, on the ABC-TV quiz show Spicks and Specks, the question was posed, "What children's song is contained in the song 'Down Under'?" The answer, "Kookaburra", a song whose rights were owned by Larrikin Music, resulted in phone calls and emails to Larrikin the next day.[30] Larrikin Music subsequently decided to take legal action against Hay and Strykert, the song's writers.
Sections of the flute part of the recording of the song were found to be based on "Kookaburra", written in 1932 by Marion Sinclair. In fact, producer Peter McIan remembered the inclusion of the melody being a "musical joke" by flautist Greg Ham – he can even be seen sitting on a gum tree in the song's music video while playing the riff.[31] Sinclair died in 1988[14] and the rights to "Kookaburra" were deemed to have been transferred to publisher Larrikin Music on 21 March 1990.[32] In the United States, the rights are administered by Music Sales Corporation in New York City.
In June 2009, 28 years after the release of the recording, Larrikin Music sued Men at Work for copyright infringement, alleging that part of the flute riff of "Down Under" was copied from "Kookaburra". The counsel for the band's record label and publishing company (Sony BMG Music Entertainment and EMI Songs Australia) claimed that, based on the agreement under which the song was written, the copyright was actually held by the Girl Guides Association.[33][34] On 30 July, Justice Peter Jacobson of the Federal Court of Australia made a preliminary ruling that Larrikin did own copyright on the song, but the issue of whether or not Hay and Strykert had plagiarised the riff was set aside to be determined at a later date.[35]
On 4 February 2010, Jacobson ruled that Larrikin's copyright had been infringed because "Down Under" reproduced "a substantial part of 'Kookaburra'".[36]
When asked how much Larrikin would be seeking in damages, Larrikin's lawyer Adam Simpson replied: "anything from what we've claimed, which is between 40 and 60 per cent, and what they suggest, which is considerably less."[37][38][39] In court, Larrikin's principal Norman Lurie gave the opinion that, had the parties negotiated a licence at the outset as willing parties, the royalties would have been between 25 and 50 per cent.[40] On 6 July 2010, Jacobson handed down a decision that Larrikin receive 5% of royalties from 2002.[40][41] In October 2011, the band lost its final court bid when the High Court of Australia refused to hear an appeal.[42]
Until this high-profile case, the standing of "Kookaburra" as a traditional song, combined with the lack of visible policing of the song's rights by its composer, had led to the general public perception that the song was within the public domain.[43][44]
The revelation of the copyright status of "Kookaburra", and more so the pursuit of royalties from it, has generated a negative response among sections of the Australian public.[45][46][47][48] In response to unsourced speculation of a Welsh connection, Rhidian Griffiths pointed out that the Welsh words to the tune were published in 1989, and musicologist Phyllis Kinney stated neither the song's metre nor its lines were typical Welsh.[44]
Colin Hay has since suggested that the deaths of his father, Jim, in 2010, and Men at Work flute player Greg Ham, in 2012, were directly linked to the stress of the court case.[49]
Track listing
7": CBS / BA 222891 Australia
"Down Under" – 3:44
"Crazy" – 2:34
7": CBS / A 2066 Europe
"Down Under" – 3:44
"Helpless Automaton" – 3:23
7": CBS / 43.539 Brazil
"Down Under" – 3:44
"Who Can It Be Now?" – 3:21
12": CBS / BA 12229 Australia / Promo-release 1986
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Colin Hay versions
An acoustic version of the song was recorded for Colin Hay's eighth studio album Man @ Work, which was released in 2003.
A new version of the song was produced by Colin Hay, coinciding with the thirtieth anniversary of the original's release.[86] Requested by Telstra for use in an Australian advertising campaign during the 2012 Summer Olympics period, the song was available through iTunes on 31 July 2012.[87]
In the new version, Hay intentionally changed the flute part that caused the copyright lawsuit.[88]
In 2021, Australian producer Luude (real name Christian Benson, from the Tasmanian electronic dance music duo Choomba),[90][91] remixed "Down Under" as a drum and bass track, with Colin Hay re-recording the vocals for the track's release on the Sweat It Out record label.[92][93] In January 2022, the drum and bass version of "Down Under" debuted at number 32 on the Official UK Singles Chart Top 40[94] and at number 48 in Australia.[95] The single climbed into both countries' Top 10 a month later.[95][94] In New Zealand, the record climbed to number one on the Official Singles Chart, and by 6 February 2022 had spent four weeks at number one.[96] On 22 January 2022, the Luude version of "Down Under" was ranked at number 65 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2021.[97]
Australian rock band King Stingray released a version on 19 October 2022[127] and featured on the soundtrack of the Tourism Australia short film, Come and Say G'day. "Down Under" is the band's first release since their self-titled debut studio album, which was released in August 2022.[128]
For their iteration, King Stingray had discussions with Colin Hay and recorded their version in a combination of English and their local Indigenous language, Yolŋu Matha, and comes with the subtitle "Under One Sun".[129]
^"Kookaburra vs Down Under?". Mudcat Café. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010. From: Paul Burke ... illustrates the stupidity and tragedy of copyright. ... From: bodgie ... down to two rather stubborn music industry companies ... only ones making money out of this fight are the lawyers. Damn them all. Warren Fahey
^"Lawyers sue, men plunder". Sydney Morning Herald. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010. For some, Larrikin's suit will be seen as a brazen and opportunistic attempt
^"ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select 23. týden 2022 in the date selector. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
^"ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select 8. týden 2022 in the date selector. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
^"ČNS IFPI". IFPI ČR. Note: Select SK SINGLES DIGITAL TOP 100 and insert 202208 into search. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
^"ČNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select 8. týden 2022 in the date selector. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
