Dorothea M. Ross

Dorothea Mary Ross (December 24, 1923 – May 7, 2019) was a Canadian-American psychologist and pioneer in the field of pediatric psychology. Ross is best known for her work on social learning at Stanford University in the early 1960s where, together with Albert Bandura and her sister, Sheila Ross, she demonstrated that children learn aggressive behavior through modeling and imitation.[1] Ross was also one of the founders of the Society of Pediatric Psychology.[2]

Early life and education

Ross was born to John and Mildred Ross in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada on December 24, 1923.[3] She received her B.A. from the University of British Columbia in 1956 and her M.A. in Psychology from the University of British Columbia in 1958.[4] Ross received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Stanford University in 1962.[3]

Research

The study that Ross is most well known for is the Bobo doll experiment conducted while a Ph.D. student at Stanford University with her professor and mentor, Albert Bandura, and her sister, Sheila Ross, who was then also a Ph.D. student at Stanford University.[1] Children (mean age 52 months) enrolled in the Stanford University Nursery School were divided into aggressive model experimental groups and non-aggressive model groups. The children in the aggressive model groups saw an adult model aggressive behavior by hitting a Bobo doll (a 5 foot tall inflatable doll) with their fists and with a rubber mallet, kicking the doll, and throwing it, while verbally making aggressive comments such as “kick him.” The children in the non-aggressive model groups saw an adult model quiet play behavior and ignore the Bobo doll. Each experimental group was then taken into a room in another building, as was a control group that had not seen an adult model any behavior. Each group was allowed to play with toys, and then a mild aggression arousal event occurred when the experimenter told the group these were special toys for other children but they could play with any of the toys in the next room. The children moved to another room that had a Bobo doll and other toys in it. The results showed that children in the aggressive model experimental groups demonstrated significantly more physical and verbal aggressive behavior than the children in the non-aggressive model and control groups who displayed almost no aggressive behavior. This confirmed the hypothesis that exposure to aggressive behavior increases the likelihood of engaging in aggressive behavior. Ross continued to conduct research and write, often with her sister, for many years. She held academic and teaching positions at Stanford University School of Medicine and University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine.[3] Her research interests included social learning theory, hyperactivity, childhood bullying, and educating mentally disabled children.[2] Ross was instrumental in starting the Bing Nursery School at Stanford University in 1966,[3] which not only provided an education for young children, but also provided a laboratory for research on young children by Stanford University graduate and undergraduate students.[5] The Bing Nursery School is still operating.

Society of Pediatric Psychology

In the mid-1960s, Ross together with Logan Wright and Lee Salk contacted all medical schools in the United States to gauge interest in starting a special interest group with a focus on children in the American Psychological Association. This group became the Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) in 1969, with Wright serving as its first president and Salk as its second president.[2] Despite her role in founding the SPP, Ross never acted as its president,[6] with Ross reporting that the feeling early on in the creation of the SPP was that a female president could alienate potential members who at that time were primarily male.[2][7]

Awards

In 1979 Ross was awarded the Society of Pediatric Psychology Distinguished Contributions Award for her efforts in founding the Society of Pediatric Psychology.[3] This award is now named the Wright Ross Salk Award for Distinguished Service in Pediatric Psychology in recognition of the contributions of the pioneering efforts of Logan Wright, Dorothea Ross, and Lee Salk in establishing the field of pediatric psychology.[7]

Later life

Ross and her sister, Sheila Ross, moved to Bainbridge Island, Washington in 1989, and she died there at the age of 95.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63(3), 575–582.
  2. ^ a b c d Roberts, M.C. (2020). The passing of a pediatric psychology pioneer; Dorothea M. Ross. Progress Notes, 44(3).
  3. ^ a b c d e f Kuchenbecker, S.Y. (2020). Dorothea Mary Ross (1923-2019). American Psychologist, 75(8), 1179.
  4. ^ Ross, D.M. (1958). The effect of different interpolated activities on retroaction in a verbal learning experiment. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of British Columbia.
  5. ^ Stanford University (n.d.). History of Bing Nursery School. https://bingschool.stanford.edu/about/history-bing-nursery-school
  6. ^ Society of Pediatric Psychology (n.d.). Past presidents. https://societyofpediatricpsychology.org/past_presidents
  7. ^ a b Society of Pediatric Psychology. (n.d.). Wright Ross Salk Award for Distinguished Service in Pediatric Psychology. https://societyofpediatricpsychology.org/node/226

Read other articles:

Malá Studená dolina Das Tal Malá Studená dolina Das Tal Malá Studená dolina Lage Prešovský kraj, Slowakei Gewässer Malý Studený potok Gebirge Hohe Tatra, Tatra, Karpaten Geographische Lage 49° 10′ 46″ N, 20° 12′ 48″ O49.17944444444420.213333333333Koordinaten: 49° 10′ 46″ N, 20° 12′ 48″ O Malá Studená dolina (Slowakei) Länge 4,5 km Klima Hochgebirgsklima Vorlage:Infobox Gletscher/Wartung/Bil...

 

|науковий ступінь= |вчене звання= Ніколаус Раєвськийнім. Nikolaus Rajewsky Народився 1968(1968)Кельн, НімеччинаКраїна НімеччинаДіяльність біолог, викладач університетуAlma mater Кельнський університетЗаклад Центр молекулярної медицини Макса Дельбрюка у Товаристві імені Гельмгольц...

 

Neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, CanadaWoburnNeighbourhoodView of Woburn from Centennial College's Progress CampusCoordinates: 43°46′00″N 79°13′40″W / 43.76667°N 79.22778°W / 43.76667; -79.22778Country CanadaProvince OntarioCity TorontoEstablished1850 Scarborough TownshipChanged municipality1998 Toronto from City of ScarboroughGovernment • MPJohn McKay (Scarborough-Guildwood) • MPPBrad Duguid (Scarborough Centre) •...

Церква Різдва Христового 50°27′32″ пн. ш. 30°31′30″ сх. д. / 50.4590472° пн. ш. 30.525250° сх. д. / 50.4590472; 30.525250Координати: 50°27′32″ пн. ш. 30°31′30″ сх. д. / 50.4590472° пн. ш. 30.525250° сх. д. / 50.4590472; 30.525250Тип споруди церква і правосла

 

County in Oklahoma, United States County in OklahomaCimarron CountyCountyCimarron County Courthouse in Boise City (2009)Location within the U.S. state of OklahomaOklahoma's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 36°44′N 102°31′W / 36.74°N 102.52°W / 36.74; -102.52Country United StatesState OklahomaFounded1907SeatBoise CityLargest cityBoise CityArea • Total1,841 sq mi (4,770 km2) • Land1,835 sq mi (4,750&#...

 

Fictional character in the 2016 video game Overwatch This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Missing mostly about its appearance on Overwatch 2 for reception and appearances section.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2023) Fictional character HanzoOverwatch characterHanzo from OverwatchFirst gameOverwatch (2016)Designed byArnold Tsang[1]Voiced byEN: Paul Nakauchi[3]JP: Shūhei Sakaguchi[2]In-un...

Japanese professional wrestling promotion All Japan Pro WrestlingAcronymAJPW(occasionally AJP)FoundedOctober 21, 1972StyleKing's Road styleHeadquartersYushima Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, JapanFounder(s)Shohei Giant BabaOwner(s)Tsuyoki FukudaWebsiteall-japan.co.jp All Japan Pro Wrestling (オールジャパン・プロレスリング, Ōru Japan Puroresuringu, originally 全日本プロレス, Zen Nihon Puroresu) (AJPW/AJP) or simply All Japan is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion established ...

 

Australian comedy/hypnotism television series MesmerisedGenreComedy/HypnotismPresented byPeter PowersCountry of originAustraliaOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes6 (5 unaired)[1]ProductionExecutive producerPaul Melville[2]Running time30 minutes (inc. adverts)Production companyEndemol AustraliaOriginal releaseNetworkSeven NetworkRelease15 October 2015 (2015-10-15)RelatedThe Power of One Mesmerised is an Australian television series involving hy...

 

Esquema de los anillos de Neptuno. Las líneas continuas indican los anillos, las discontinuas órbitas de satélites. Los anillos de Neptuno son un sistema de anillos planetarios muy tenues y débiles, compuestos principalmente de polvo cuya presencia fue confirmada en 1989 por la sonda espacial Voyager 2, que pertenecen a dicho planeta.[1]​ Guardan más semejanza con los anillos de Júpiter que con los más complejos de Saturno o Urano. El sistema consta de cinco anillos que reci...

Office of Public and Indian HousingSeal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentLogo of the Office of Public and Indian HousingOffice overviewFormed1937JurisdictionUnited StatesHeadquartersRobert C. Weaver Federal BuildingWashington, D.C.Office executivesVacant, Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian HousingDominique Blom, General Deputy Assistant SecretaryParent departmentDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentKey documentHousing Act of 1937Websitewww.hud.gov The Office...

 

Railway station in Chennai 13°05′00″N 80°16′27″E / 13.08321°N 80.27424°E / 13.08321; 80.27424 Chennai Suburban TerminalMoore Market ComplexChennai Suburban Railway stationThe office complex and entrance of the stationGeneral informationLocationStation Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaOwned byMinistry of Railways, Indian RailwaysLine(s)North Line, West Line and West North LinePlatforms5Tracks5ConstructionStructure typeStandard on-ground stationParkingAvailabl...

 

2002 studio album by Yngwie J. MalmsteenThe GenesisStudio album by Yngwie J. MalmsteenReleased24 December 2002Recorded1980GenreNeoclassical metalLength1:09:16LabelPony CanyonYngwie J. Malmsteen chronology War to End All Wars(2000) The Genesis(2002) Attack!!(2002) The Genesis is a 2002 album released by Yngwie J. Malmsteen.[1] It consists of very early recordings (around the time when Malmsteen was seventeen years old), and many of these tracks were reworked for compositions on...

13th century English noble Arms of Sir Richard de Brus: Gules, a saltire and chief or.[1] Sir Richard de Brus (died 1287), Lord of Writtle was an English knight from Essex, commanding a Knight banneret for Edward I. He was a younger son of Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale and Isabella de Clare. Richard was a part of King Edward I of England’s household and may have been with Edward during his crusade.[2] He participated in Edward's Conquest of Wales, and awarded command...

 

Food and cuisine of the Hazara people in central Afghanistan This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Hazara cuisine – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series onHazaras About The people The land Language Culture ...

 

Sommaren med WanjaGenrePorrfilmRegissörArlanch HeinzManusElisabeth CandlerSkådespelareYvonne Jonsson, Bertil Svensson, Harry Andersson med fleraFotografCarlo WeissmanDistributionFilm AB CoronaPremiär25 augusti 1980Speltid78 minuterLandSverigeSpråkSvenskaIMDb SFDb Sommaren med Wanja är en svensk porrfilm från 1980 i regi av Arlanch Heinz.[1] Medverkande Yvonne Jonsson – Wanja Bertil Svensson – Börje Harry Andersson Mona Jörgensson Steven Collins Kurre Levin Leila Waranjemi Ulla Lei...

English Protestant dissenters This article is about the historical religious group. For other uses, see Seekers (disambiguation). A broadsheet Catalogue of the several Sects and Opinions, 1647 The Seekers, or Legatine-Arians as they were sometimes known, were an English dissenting group that emerged around the 1620s, probably inspired by the preaching of three brothers – Walter, Thomas, and Bartholomew Legate. Seekers considered all organised churches of their day corrupt and preferred to w...

 

In this Chinese name, the family name is Yu. Harlem Yu庾澄慶Harlem Yu at Taiwan samsung Galaxy S5 product launch, 19 March 2014Born (1961-07-28) 28 July 1961 (age 62)Taipei, TaiwanOccupation(s)Singer, songwriter, rapper, television host, businessmanYears active1986–presentSpouses Annie Yi ​ ​(m. 2000; div. 2009)​ Jinny Chang ​(m. 2016)​ ChildrenHarrison Yu (son), with Annie YiHoneydew (daughter), w...

 

Python library for data analysis Not to be confused with PANDAS, the Australian archival management system used for the Pandora Archive. For the animal species, see Panda. This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Pandas software – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) pand...

Species of beetle Dineutus carolinus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Family: Gyrinidae Genus: Dineutus Species: D. carolinus Binomial name Dineutus carolinusLeConte, 1868 Synonyms[1] Dineutus carolinus mutchleri Ochs, 1924 Dineutus emarginatus mutchleri Ochs, 1924 Dineutus carolinus is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North...

 

SMA Negeri 2 Gianyar,ᵒes·ᵒem·ᵒa,nĕgĕri,2,sukawatiInformasiKaadegang3 Séptémber 2021SorohSekolah Menengah Atas NegeriAkréditasiANomor Pokok Sekolah Nasional70013198Manggala Sekolah[1]Jurusan utawi paminatanIPA, IPB, miwah IPSPentang kelasX, XI IPA, XII IPA, XI IPB, XII IPB, XI IPS, XII IPSStatusNegeriAlamatGenahJl. Raya Tulikup, Gianyar, IndonésiaMoto SMA Negeri (SMAN) 2 Gianyar silih tunggil Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri sané magenah ring désa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gi...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!