Desta Damtew

Desta Damtew
Ras
Born1892
Gurage, Ethiopian Empire
Died24 February 1937(1937-02-24) (aged 44–45)
Shala, Italian East Africa
Burial
Holy Trinity Cathedral
SpousePrincess Tenagnework
IssueAmha Desta
Iskinder Desta
Aida Desta
Seble Desta
Sophia Desta
Hirut Desta
FatherFitawrari Damtew Ketena
ReligionEthiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

Ras Desta Damtew KBE (Amharic: ደስታ ዳምጠው ; c. 1892 – 24 February 1937) was an Ethiopian noble, army commander and a son-in-law of Emperor Haile Selassie I. He is known for his leadership in the Ethiopian Army during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. He was executed on 24 February 1937, by the Italian Armed Forces shortly after Ethiopia's loss in the war.

Biography

Born in the village of Maskan (in the contemporary Gurage Zone), Desta Damtew was the second son of Fitawrari Damtew Ketena. His older brother was Abebe Damtew. In 1896, Fitawrari Damtew Ketena was killed at the Battle of Adwa. As boys, Lij Desta Damtew and his brother Lij Abebe Damtew served at the Imperial Palace in Addis Ababa as pages to Emperor Menelik II and Empress Taitu Bitul. Desta Damtew went on to serve in the Dowager Empress Taitu's household at the Palace on Mt. Entoto after the death of Menelik II.

In 1916, Desta Damtew supported Tafari Makonnen against Lij Iyasu. Tafari Makonnen was the future Emperor Haile Selassie I. Lij Iyasu was deposed but escaped. In 1920, Desta Damtew was in the party that captured Lij Iyasu.[1]

In 1924, Desta Damtew married Tafari Makonnen's daughter Leult Tenagnework Haile Selassie. They had four daughters and two sons.[2]

Anthony Mockler describes Desta Damtew as "something of an eccentric among Ethiopian nobles", who had run away in his twenties to become a monk at Debre Libanos, as well as having a reputation "as an entrepreneur and an enfant terrible." Mockler continues that Ras Desta "had as little taste as the young progressives of inferior birth for the traditional amusements of the Amhara aristocracy, the feasting, the horsemanship, the boasting and the drunkenness."[3]

According to his obituary in The Times he was a tall and princelike figure, ascetically handsome in face and reserved in manner. He had the soft, almost inaudible voice of the aristocratic Amhara. Although a modernizer on the Imperial pattern, he was perfectly frank about his distrust of foreigners. "The less foreigners visit Ethiopia, the better." was a remark he once made at a European gathering at the British Legation.[4] Desta Damtew was considered a genius by many of his advisors and fellow-soldiers. He was educated in Ethiopia, Britain, and Switzerland and spoke fluent Amharic, English, French, German, and Italian, among other languages.[5]

By 1928, Negus Tafari Makonnen appointed his son-in-law Desta Damtew as Dejazmach and as Shum of Kefa Province.[6]

In 1931, Emperor Haile Selassie I appointed Desta Damtew as a Ras. In the same year, he was appointed Shum of Sidamo Province and of Borena Province.[7] He succeeded Birru Wolde Gabriel in Sidamo.

In 1933, Ras Desta Damtew traveled to America to return the visit of the United States representative to the coronation of Haile Selassie. It was his only journey outside Ethiopia.[8] He arrived in New York and was greeted with royal honours, later lunching with President Roosevelt.[9]

In 1935, Ras Desta commanded troops[10] along the southern border of Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. In January 1936, he was defeated by the Italian General Rodolfo Graziani at the Battle of Ganale Dorya. Desta retreated back to his administrative center at Irgalem, where with the help of Dejazmach Gabremariam he reorganized his surviving supporters to resist the Italian advance.[11] Desta continued to resist the Italians after the Emperor left the country. According to Bahru Zewde, Desta Damtew vacillated between surrender and continuing the struggle, but a group of Eritrean Ascaris who deserted from the Italian forces to join him forced him "to stick it out."[12]

Ras Desta Damtew just before his execution

In 1936, after the end of the rainy season, Italian General Carlo Geloso, who had been appointed governor of the Italian province of Galla-Sidamo, advanced from the north to dislodge Ras Desta and Dejazmach Gabremariam. However, by the end of October, Geloso had not advanced very far or effectively. It was not until a month later when a second Italian column advanced from the south through the Wadara Forest that Ras Desta at last left Irgalem, which was occupied 1 December. With Dejazmach Gabremariam, Dejazmach Beyene Merid (Shum of Bale Province), and a dwindling number of soldiers, for the next few months Ras Desta eluded the Italians until they were trapped near Lake Shala in the Battle of Gogetti and annihilated. Wounded, Ras Desta managed to escape, only to be caught and executed near his birthplace.[13]

Following the liberation of Ethiopia from Italian occupation in 1941, the remains of Ras Desta Damtew were disinterred from the grave they were buried in by the Italians and moved to the Imperial family tombs in the crypt of Holy Trinity Cathedral.

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

See also

Notes

Footnotes
Citations
  1. ^ Haile Selassie, p. 25
  2. ^ Mockler, p. 390
  3. ^ Mockler, Anthony (2003). Haile Selassie's War. Signal Books. p. 90. ISBN 9781902669533.
  4. ^ The Times, Friday, Feb 26, 1937; pg. 18; Issue 47619; col C: 'Ras Desta An Able Ethiopian Chief' (Obituary)
  5. ^ https://www.himchurch.org/Internet_Sites_Articles/Emperor_Haile_Selassie_I-Part_3.htm [bare URL]
  6. ^ Haile Selassie, p. 25
  7. ^ Haile Selassie, p. 25
  8. ^ The Times, Friday, Feb 26, 1937; pg. 18; Issue 47619; col C: 'Ras Desta An Able Ethiopian Chief' (Obituary)
  9. ^ New York Times, July 19, 1933, Wednesday, Page 19: 'RAS DESTA DEMTU DAZZLES THE CITY; The Son-in-Law of Ethiopia's 'Light of the World' Arrives in Princely Splendor. 19-GUN SALUTE MADE 21 Washington Ordered Royal Honor -- Envoy to Lunch With Roosevelt Today.'
  10. ^ The Times, Friday, Feb 26, 1937; pg. 18; Issue 47619; col C: 'Ras Desta An Able Ethiopian Chief' (Obituary) "...Ras Desta commanded the forces of his provinces, Sidamo and Borana: he was able to raise a total of some 25,000 men.."
  11. ^ Mockler, p. 95
  12. ^ A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition [London: James Currey, 2001], p. 169)
  13. ^ Mockler, p. 172f

References

  • Haile Selassie I, Edited by Harold G. Marcus with others and Translated by Ezekiel Gebions with others (1999). My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I, King of Kings and Lord of Lords, Volume II. Chicago: Research Associates School Times Publications. p. 190. ISBN 0-948390-40-9. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  • Barker, A.J. (1971). Rape of Ethiopia, 1936. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-02462-6.
  • Marcus, Harold G. (1994). A History of Ethiopia. London: University of California Press. pp. 316. ISBN 0-520-22479-5.
  • Marcus, Harold G. (1996). Haile Selassie I: The Formative Years, 1892-1936. Lawrenceville: Red Sea.
  • Marcus, Harold G. (1995). The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia 1844-1913. Lawrenceville: Red Sea. ISBN 1-56902-010-8.
  • Mockler, Anthony (2002). Haile Selassie's War. New York: Olive Branch Press. ISBN 978-1-56656-473-1.
  • Tareke, Gebru (1996). Ethiopia, Power and Protest: Peasant Revolts in the Twentieth Century. Lawrenceville: Red Sea.