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Cologne (German: Köln) is Germany's fourth-largest city and the largest city in the Rhineland. As of 31 December 2011, there were officially 1,017,155 residents.^[1] The city is center of the Cologne/Bonn Region with around 3 million inhabitants (including the neighboring cities of Bonn, Hürth, Leverkusen, and Bergisch Gladbach).

Population by district

District	Population
	Population (1990)	Population (1995)	Population (2000)	Population (2005)	Population (2009)	Population (2025)^estimated
1. Innenstadt	137.283	138.637	133.454	129.496	126.301	128.400
2. Rodenkirchen	91.284	94.582	97.790	100.490	100.827	110.500
3. Lindenthal	134.823	135.276	139.026	139.803	137.870	145.300
4. Ehrenfeld	95.243	95.552	97.396	102.939	103.708	105.900
5. Nippes	111.133	109.481	108.206	109.235	111.141	111.000
6. Chorweiler	74.481	79.073	83.215	82.865	80.459	77.700
7. Porz	100.695	105.433	107.447	106.647	106.533	107.000
8. Kalk	108.769	108.185	106.377	107.194	109.045	105.800
9. Mülheim	142.889	141.877	144.321	144.432	144.419	140.300
Cologne	998.590	1.008.848	1.017.721	1.023.101	1.020.303	1.031.800
source: Die Kölner Stadtteile in Zahlen 2010 (in German)

Population by migration background

*Keupstraße* in the district of Mülheim is a centre of the Turkish community in Cologne.

District	Population (2009)	German citizens			Foreign citizens
		(total)	German citizens w/o migration backgr.	German citizens w/ migration backgr.	(total)	from inside the EU¹	from Turkey	from elsewhere in Europe	from Africa²	from the Americas	from Asia³	from elsewhere
1. Innenstadt	126.301	104.945	92.946	11.999	21.356	9.524	4.502	2.532	924	1.287	2.460	127
2. Rodenkirchen	100.827	86.823	74.938	11.885	14.004	5.717	3.298	1.850	827	505	1.747	60
3. Lindenthal	137.870	124.943	111.586	13.357	12.927	6.034	1.600	1.646	627	762	2.146	112
4. Ehrenfeld	103.708	83.614	69.749	13.865	20.094	6.824	7.960	2.394	970	459	1.367	120
5. Nippes	111.141	91.048	77.230	13.818	20.093	5.876	9.584	2.131	857	409	1.146	90
6. Chorweiler	80.459	65.770	46.806	18.964	14.689	3.216	6.989	2.589	456	96	1.252	91
7. Porz	106.533	91.368	71.409	19.959	15.165	4.802	4.412	3.178	653	196	1.850	75
8. Kalk	109.045	82.012	61.387	20.625	27.033	6.867	10.865	4.287	1.772	280	1.772	108
9. Mülheim	144.419	116.935	93.804	23.131	27.484	6.642	12.480	3.885	1.750	443	2.202	82
Cologne	1.020.303	847.458	699.855	147.603	172.845	55.502	61.690	24.492	8.835	4.437	17.024	865

¹ largest groups from Italy, Poland and Greece
² largest groups from Morocco and Algeria
³ largest group from Iran

Population by age

District	Population (2004)
	Population (total)	Population age < 18	Population age 18 < 35	Population age 35 < 65	Population age > 65
1. Innenstadt	129.047	12.091
2. Rodenkirchen	100.325	15.828
3. Lindenthal	139.233	17.700
4. Ehrenfeld	102.264	16.780
5. Nippes	109.009	17.172
6. Chorweiler	83.332	17.979
7. Porz	107.437	19.180
8. Kalk	107.036	19.246
9. Mülheim	144.944	26.229
Cologne	1.022.627	162.205	257.218
source: Statistisches Jahrbuch Köln 2004 (in German)

District	Population (2006)
	Population (total)	Population age < 18	Population age 18 < 35	Population age 35 < 65	Population age > 65
1. Innenstadt	129.318	11.660	44.706	54.820	18.132
2. Rodenkirchen	101.309	15.760	21.461	44.631	19.457
3. Lindenthal	139.507	17.668	37.927	59.504	24.408
4. Ehrenfeld	103.205	16.522	28.472	42.404	15.807
5. Nippes	109.413	17.136	25.194	46.766	20.317
6. Chorweiler	82.161	17.042	16.548	34.358	14.213
7. Porz	106.567	18.566	21.325	46.803	19.873
8. Kalk	108.146	19.205	26.351	42.844	19.746
9. Mülheim	144.720	25.589	32.871	59.631	26.629
Cologne	1.024.346	159.148	254.855	431.761	178.582
source: Bevölkerungsprognose Kölner Stadtteile 2006/2025 (in German)

District	Population (2009)
	Population (total)	Population age < 18	Population age 18 < 35	Population age 35 < 65	Population age > 65
1. Innenstadt	126.301	11.254			18.139
2. Rodenkirchen	100.827	15.946			20.332
3. Lindenthal	137.870	18.693			25.302
4. Ehrenfeld	103.708	16.065			16.163
5. Nippes	111.141	17.246			20.650
6. Chorweiler	80.459	15.798			14.947
7. Porz	106.533	18.011			21.112
8. Kalk	109.045	19.415			20.029
9. Mülheim	144.419	25.152			26.793
Cologne	1.020.303	157.580	253.964	425.292	183.467
source: Die Kölner Stadtteile in Zahlen 2010 (in German)

Historic population data

Roman Cologne

The walls of Colonia Agrippina covered an area of 96.8 hectares,^[2] but the population density within the walls remains uncertain.

Date	Population
50	30.000^{[citation needed]}
150	50.000^{[citation needed]}
250	15.000^{[citation needed]}
350	15.000^{[citation needed]}

Medieval Cologne

Since the construction of the Medieval wall in 1180, the area of the old imperial city of Cologne has not changed for more than 600 years and was only extended over the old city walls in 1794, just short before the arrival of French troops and Cologne's incorporation into the First French Empire.

Date	Population
900
1000
1140	20.000
1180	40.000^[3]
1200

Date	Population
1300
1400
1430	40.000
1500

Modern Cologne

16th through 19th century

Copper engraving of Cologne by Hollar von Prachna, Wenceslaus, 1636

After 1815, the Kingdom of Prussia enforced the construction of fortifications which again hindered any growth for the city. Only with the acquisition of these fortifications in 1881, the city of Cologne had the possibility of a gradual territorial expansion. On 12. November 1883 a strip of territory from parts of the municipalities of Ehrenfeld, Kriel, Longerich, Müngersdorf and Rondorf was added to the city. Since 1886, the Cologne City Council intensified negotiations with the surrounding communities, and on 1 April 1888 ended in a first major incorporation.

Date	Population
1501
1600	40.000
1670	37.000^[4]
1700	39.000

Date	Population
1701
1714	42.015
1735	44.568
1794	44.512
1800

Date	Population
1801	42.024
1810	45.029
1. December 1816 ¹	49.276
1. December 1819 ¹	55.355
1. December 1822 ¹	56.527
1. December 1825 ¹	59.049
1. December 1828 ¹	61.059
1. December 1831 ¹	65.953
3. December 1834 ¹	67.302
3. December 1837 ¹	72.237
3. December 1840 ¹	75.858
3. December 1843 ¹	83.418
3. December 1849 ¹	94.789
3. December 1850	95.500

Date	Population
3. December 1851
3. December 1852 ¹	101.091
3. December 1855 ¹	106.852
3. December 1858 ¹	114.477
3. December 1861 ¹	120.568
3. December 1864 ¹	122.162
3. December 1867 ¹	125.172
1. December 1871 ¹	129.233
1. December 1875 ¹	135.371
1. December 1880 ¹	144.772
1. December 1885 ¹	161.401
1. December 1890 ¹	281.681
2. December 1895 ¹	321.564
1. December 1900 ¹	372.229

20th century

The territorial expansion, beginning in the late 19th century, were significant marks for the city's population growth. Major communal reorganizations took place in 1910, 1914, 1922 and 1975.

Date	Population
31. December 1901	380.518
31. December 1902	392.882
31. December 1903	406.420
31. December 1904	417.480
1. December 1905 ¹	428.722
31. December 1906	440.376
31. December 1907	451.134
31. December 1908	461.891
31. December 1909	472.649
1. December 1910 ¹	516.527
31. December 1911	525.671
31. December 1912	538.302
31. December 1913	550.540
31. December 1914	642.848
31. December 1915
1. December 1916 ¹	595.853
5. December 1917 ¹	609.244
31. December 1918
31. December 1919	644.206
31. December 1920	657.175

Date	Population
31. December 1921	665.629
31. December 1922	683.363
31. December 1923	690.605
31. December 1924	696.168
31. December 1925	705.477
31. December 1926	713.633
31. December 1927	723.753
31. December 1928	733.075
31. December 1929	736.914
31. December 1930	740.082
31. December 1931	739.726
31. December 1932	741.283
31. December 1933	759.648
31. December 1934	760.422
31. December 1935	761.263
31. December 1936	762.154
31. December 1937	765.468
31. December 1938	767.102
31. December 1939	767.222
December 1940	733.500

Date	Population
December 1941	690.000
December 1942	648.200
December 1943	561.600
December 1944	472.900
31. December 1945	453.566
31. December 1946	494.815
31. December 1947	515.355
31. December 1948	543.765
31. December 1949	573.557
31. December 1950	603.283
31. December 1951	630.232
31. December 1952	647.540
31. December 1953	670.031
31. December 1954	688.765
31. December 1955	712.561
31. December 1956	718.722
31. December 1957	737.991
31. December 1958	756.203
31. December 1959	773.280
31. December 1960	803.616

Date	Population
31. December 1961	816.542
31. December 1962	827.659
31. December 1963	835.832
31. December 1964	842.061
31. December 1965	854.479
31. December 1966	860.200
31. December 1967	854.717
31. December 1968	855.886
31. December 1969	864.754
31. December 1970	847.037
31. December 1971	846.479
31. December 1972	841.537
31. December 1973	832.396
31. December 1974	825.792
31. December 1975	1.013.771
31. December 1976	981.021
31. December 1977	976.761
31. December 1978	976.534
31. December 1979	976.136
31. December 1980	976.694

Date	Population
31. December 1981	971.403
31. December 1982	961.777
31. December 1983	940.663
31. December 1984	922.286
31. December 1985	916.153
31. December 1986	914.336
31. December 1987	930.907
31. December 1988	937.482
31. December 1989	946.280
31. December 1990	953.551
31. December 1991	956.690
31. December 1992	960.631
31. December 1993	962.517
31. December 1994	963.817
31. December 1995	965.697
31. December 1996	964.346
31. December 1997	964.311
31. December 1998	962.580
31. December 1999	962.507
31. December 2000	962.884

21st century

Date	Population
31. December 2001	967.940
31. December 2002	968.639
31. December 2003	965.954
31. December 2004	969.709
31. December 2005	983.347
31. December 2006	989.766
31. December 2007	995.397
31. December 2008	995.420
31. December 2009	998.105
31. December 2010	1.007.119

Date	Population
31. December 2011	1.013.665
31. December 2012	1.024.373
31. December 2013	1.034.175
31. December 2014	1.046.680
31. December 2015	1.060.582

References

^ Information und Technik NRW. "Bevölkerung im Regierungsbezirk Köln". Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
^ J.C. Russell, "Late Ancient and Medieval Population," in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 48, part 3, table 89.
^ City of Cologne, Köln ist Millionenstadt Archived 2014-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (in German)
^ City of Cologne, Köln ist Millionenstadt Archived 2014-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (in German)

[1] Information und Technik NRW. "Bevölkerung im Regierungsbezirk Köln". Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2012-07-09.

[2] J.C. Russell, "Late Ancient and Medieval Population," in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 48, part 3, table 89.

[3] City of Cologne, Köln ist Millionenstadt Archived 2014-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (in German)

[4] City of Cologne, Köln ist Millionenstadt Archived 2014-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (in German)

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